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“Betweenness”and“Diversity”inJournalCita6onNetworksasMeasuresofInterdisciplinarity
LoetLeydesdorff,CarolineS.Wagner,&LutzBornmann
[email protected] ;[email protected] ;[email protected]
—ATributetoEugeneGarfield—Scientometrics,memorialissue
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“Interdisciplinarity”?1. Poli6calandscholarlydiscourse
• Poli&ciansaskformore“interdisciplinarity”and“transdisciplinarity”;• Qualitycontrolproblemswhenonemovesbeyond“mul&-disciplinarity”
• VanNoorden(2015):Interdisciplinaryresearchhaslong-termimpact(>10years)• Nichols(2014):89%oftheporNoliooftheDirectorateforSBEofthetheNSFisIDR.
2. Howtodelineatedisciplines→poten6aldriYinthedefini6ons• Indicatorsaresensi&veforchangesinthedelinea&ons• WoSSubjectCategories(pragma&c)vs.algorithmicdecomposi&ons• Changingboundaries
3. Differentindicators:• Diversity:composedof(i)variety,(ii)disparityand(iii)balance• BetweennessCentrality:afamilyofindicators.
4. Newdevelopments• inthejournallandscapesuchasPLoSONE(2006);mul&-disiciplinary?• Paperlevel(“directcita&on”)vs.journallevel
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Advancessince:Leydesdorff,L.,&Rafols,I.(2011).Indicatorsoftheinterdisciplinarityofjournals:Diversity,centrality,andcita&ons.JournalofInformetrics,5(1),87-100.
1. Theproblemofdelinea0oncanbe“solved”intermsofthesta&s&csusingVOSviewer:
‒ Leydesdorff,L.,Bornmann,L.,&Wagner,C.S.(2017).Genera&ngClusteredJournalMaps:AnAutomatedSystemforHierarchicalClassifica&on.Scientometrics,110(3),1601-1614.
2. Valuedbetweennesscentrality(Brandes,visone);64-bitcompu&ngpower;
3. “Truediversity”:
‒ Zhang,L.,Rousseau,R.,&Glänzel,W.(2016).Diversityofreferencesasanindicatorforinterdisciplinarityofjournals:Takingsimilaritybetweensubjectfieldsintoaccount.JournaloftheAssociaAonforInformaAonScienceandTechnology,67(5),1257-1265.
4. Networkmeasures(basedonrela&ons;e.g.,geodesics)versusmeasuresinthevectorspace(basedoncorrela&ons)→differentdistances
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• FamilyofmeasuresdevelopedsinceFreeman’sintroduc&onin1971:• Freeman,L.C.,Borgan,S.P.,&White,D.R.(1991).Centralityinvaluedgraphs:Ameasureofbetweennessbasedonnetworkflow.SocialNetworks,13(2),141-154.
• Brandes,U.(2008).Onvariantsofshortest-pathbetweennesscentralityandtheirgenericcomputa&on.SocialNetworks,30(2),136-145.→implementa&oninvisone
• Liu,J.S.,&Lu,L.Y.(2012).Anintegratedapproachformainpathanalysis:DevelopmentoftheHirschindexasanexample.JournaloftheAmericanSocietyforInformaAonScienceandTechnology,63(3),528-542.
• BCcanbecomputedonanasymmetrical(1-mode)matrix.
• Graph-analy&cal:basedongeodesics
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•
http://www.leydesdorff.net/software/diversity/net2rao.exe
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Between-groupandwithin-groupDiversityCassi,L.,Mescheba,W.,&DeTurckheim,E.(2014).Howtoevaluatethedegreeofinterdisciplinarityofanins&tu&on?Scientometrics,101(3),1871-1895.Furtherelabora&oninCassietal.,2017;cf.Chiu&Chao,2014.
• Inouropinion,Rao-S&rlingdiversityisasumma&on(Σ)likeShannonentropyandthereforefullydecomposable.• Differencesamongaggregatedsubsets(“withingroup”)canbetestedforsignificanceusingANOVAwithBonferronicorrec&on;• Off-diagonalpartsofthematrixcanbesummedasbetween-groupdiversity.
• Thematrixofdiversityscorescanbeusedforfurtheranalysis• Knowledgeintegra&onnetworksandknowledgediffusionnetworks.
• Perhaps:“knowledgedifferen&a&on”?• Seealsohup://www.leydesdorff.net/sowware/diversity/net2rao.exe
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Dataanddescrip6vesta6s6csh^p://www.leydesdorff.net/jcr15
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JournalBC(Pajek) Journal
ValuedBC(visone)
SocSciMed 7.38 SocSciMed 6.64 AmJPublicHealth 2.62 PsycholBull 2.18 PsycholBull 2.34 AmJPublicHealth 2.06 FrontPsychol 2.25 FrontPsychol 1.75 ComputHumBehav 2.04 ComputHumBehav 1.61 JBusEthics 1.61 JPersSocPsychol 1.26 JPersSocPsychol 1.31 JBusEthics 1.20 WorldDev 1.24 WorldDev 1.04 PersIndivDiffer 1.22 PersIndivDiffer 1.04 SocIndicRes 1.08 SocIndicRes 0.89 ApplEcon 1.04 JAdvNurs 0.79 AmPsychol 0.94 AmSociolRev 0.78 JAdvNurs 0.92 AmPsychol 0.70 JPragma&cs 0.91 ApplEcon 0.70 AmSociolRev 0.90 Geoforum 0.66 AmEconRev 0.80 AmJSociol 0.65 Geoforum 0.80 JPragma&cs 0.63 JBusRes 0.79 JApplPsychol 0.62 AmJSociol 0.78 AmEconRev 0.61 JApplPsychol 0.73 JBusRes 0.58 Scientometrics 0.73 JEconBehavOrgan 0.51 PsycholSci 0.68 AnnuRevSociol 0.50 JEconBehavOrgan 0.68 EcolEcon 0.49 CurrAnthropol 0.65 Cogni&on 0.49 ComputEduc 0.64 ChildDev 0.49
ResultsBCn=3,264(SocialSciences)
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Journal 2D3cited Journal 2D3ci0ngSocRes 18.11 Disasters 9.15QualResPsychol 17.92 Convergencia 8.64AmBehavSci 17.39 Con&nuum-JMediaCu 8.13Daedalus-Us 16.44 Evalua&onRev 7.79AnnAmAcadPolitSs 15.94 IndianJGendStud 7.71FieldMethod 14.97 FoodCultSoc 7.3QualInq 14.91 EducSci-TheorPract 7.2Na&on 13.81 HumOrgan 7.1SocSciInform 13.8 E&kkPraksis 7.09AmJEconSociol 13.56 InformCult 7.03AmJSociol 13.38 ChinaRev 7.01BritJSociol 13.31 CurrSociol 6.85TheorSoc 12.95 InformRes 6.84QualRes 12.9 EducAssessEvalAcc 6.83Signs 12.81 CritAsianStud 6.76AnnuRevSociol 12.75 HistSocRes 6.65JSocio-Econ 12.75 EnvironPlannC 6.62CritInquiry 12.38 EurJWomensStud 6.61JRStatSocAStat 12.38 EducXx1 6.53AmHistRev 12.36 EvalProgramPlann 6.49SociolMethodol 12.09 EconSoc 6.47AmSociolRev 12.05 FemPsychol 6.47QualQuant 11.84 HealthSocCareComm 6.44CurrSociol 11.81 CultStud 6.39NewLewRev 11.79 ChildSoc 6.39
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JournalBC(Pajek) Journal
ValuedBC(visone)
Scientometrics 6.82 Scientometrics 10.12 JDoc 5.79 LibrInformSciRes 7.38 LibrInformSciRes 4.36 JAcadLibr 7.06 JAcadLibr 3.82 JLibrInfSci 7.04 ElectronLibr 3.71 JDoc 6.22 OnlineInformRev 3.71 InformRes 5.25 IntJInformManage 3.42 MisQuart 5.05 InformRes 3.41 ElectronLibr 4.89 MisQuart 3.35 OnlineInformRev 4.06 InformManage-Amster 2.92 GovInformQ 3.70 GovInformQ 2.57 InformManage-Amster 3.22 JAssocInfSciTech 2.25 JAssocInfSciTech 3.21 JInfSci 2.19 IntJInformManage 2.90 LibrTrends 1.91 LibrTrends 2.57 JManageInformSyst 1.72 JInfSci 2.25 JLibrInfSci 1.69 InformSoc 2.12 InformSoc 1.62 InformProcessManag 1.68 CollResLibr 1.57 JManageInformSyst 1.60 InformDev 1.40 InformDev 1.54 JInformetr 1.40 InformTechnolPeopl 1.47 InformProcessManag 1.37 CollResLibr 1.31 InformTechnolPeopl 1.23 JKnowlManag 1.12 JAssocInfSyst 1.05 JMedLibrAssoc 0.91 EurJInformSyst 1.02 TelecommunPolicy 0.86
ResultsBCn=86(LIS)
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journal 2D3cited Journal 2D3ci0ngInformSoc 4.28 LibrInformSciRes 3.78 JComput-MediatComm 3.89 OnlineInformRev 3.76 OnlineInformRev 3.39 JAssocInfSciTech 3.72 IntJInformManage 3.32 AslibJInformManag 3.69 AslibProc 3.26 ElectronLibr 3.67 InformDev 3.15 InformRes 3.51 InformManage-Amster 3.11 JInfSci 3.48 JInfSci 3.10 CanJInformLibSci 3.46 SerialsRev 2.93 Inves&gBibliotecol 3.30 JMedLibrAssoc 2.90 InformCult 3.23 EthicsInfTechnol 2.66 LibrHiTech 3.10 JScholarlyPubl 2.57 JDoc 3.07 JInfTechnol 2.47 Program-ElectronLib 3.02 LearnPubl 2.46 InformSoc-Estud 2.99 LibrHiTech 2.44 JLibrInfSci 2.98 LibrInformSciRes 2.41 AfrJLibrArchInfo 2.92 JDoc 2.40 Libri 2.91 LibrTrends 2.38 LibrTrends 2.89 Program-ElectronLib 2.36 LibrResourTechSer 2.89 InformTechnolLibr 2.36 InformProcessManag 2.84 JAmSocInfSciTec 2.33 LibrQuart 2.83 InformRes 2.33 LearnPubl 2.71 AustAcadResLibr 2.33 MalaysJLibrInfSc 2.70 JStrategicInfSyst 2.32 InformSoc 2.60 InformTechnolPeopl 2.31 RefUserServQ 2.60
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Decomposi6onofDiversity
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Conclusions
Betweenness
1. BCcanbeconsideredasanindicatorofmul6-disciplinarity;
2. ValuedBCimprovesonbinaryBCbecausecita&onnetworksarevalued.
Diversity
1. Diversityintheci&ngdimension(“knowledgeintegra6on”)indicatestrans-ornon-disciplinarity;
2. Diversityintheciteddimension(“knowledgedifferen6a6on”;bibliographiccoupling)tradesoffbetweenstructure(selec&on)andac&on(varia&on);! thisisprobablythebestindicatorof“interdisciplinarity”;
• Diversitycanbedecomposedintowithin-andbetween-groupdiversityseehup://www.leydesdorff.net/sowware/diversity