AO Foundation Education Kevin Newman St Peter‘s Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, UK 1958−2008 History of the AO.

AO FoundationEducation

Kevin NewmanSt Peter‘s Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, UK

1958−2008History of the AO

2

1944 The inspiration for AO

Maurice Müller

Bern, Switzerland (1918−2009)

met a former soldier who had

received a femoral nailing by

Gerhard Küntscher

Kiel, Germany (1900−1972)

military surgeon

3

1950 The early years

Maurice Müllerresident of Liestal, Switzerland

(1918−2009)was on a fellowship in Holland with

Cornelis Pieter van NesLeiden, Netherlands (1897−1972)who advised him to visit Robert Danis

in Bruxelles

4

1950 Compression plating

Robert DanisBruxelles, Belgium (1880−1962)

“Théorie et Pratique de l’Osteosynthèse”

coapteur plate for rigid fixation

Compression for “per primam” healingAbsence of callus “soudure autogène”

5

1951 First results of ORIF

Maurice Müller

Fribourg, Switzerland

• 75 patients

• stable fixation

• early mobilization

• no complications

6

1952 Old army friendships

Robert Schneider Maurice Müller

7

1954 Documenting trauma

Lorenz BöhlerWien, Austria (1885−1973)

Accident Hospital

241,000 trauma x-rays

8

1956 Five friends, eight more

Müller Willenegger Allgöwer

Patry

Brussatis

Baumann

Guggenbühl

Ott

Schneider Bandi

Schär

Stähli

Hunziker

9

1958 AO founded in Biel (Bienne)

November 6, 1958, Hotel Elite

Biel (Bienne), Switzerland

10

1958 AO Founders

Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen

Maurice Müller

Zürich

1918−2009

Martin Allgöwer

Chur

1917−2007

Walter Bandi

Interlaken

1912−1997

Robert Schneider

Grosshöchstetten

1912−1990

Hans Willenegger

Liestal

1910−1998

11

1958 Hex-head screw

Maurice Müller Zürich, Switzerland (1918−2009)

Robert MathysBettlach, Switzerland (1921−2000)

12

1959 AO Principles

Hans Willenegger

Maurice Müller

Martin Allgöwer

Robert Mathys

1 Documentation of all patients

2 Development of implants and instruments

3 Research of fracture healing and tissue cultures

4 Teaching of osteosynthesis techniques

13

1959 AO Laboratory Davos

Martin Allgöwer

Davos, Switzerland (1917−2007)

AO Laboratoryfor ExperimentalSurgeryForschungsinstitutObere Strasse

14

1959 AO Documentation

Maurice Müller

Davos, Switzerland (1918−2009)

15

1960 1st AO Course in Davos

Participants:

56

7 2 3 1

Maurice Müller teaches femoral nailing in the AO Lab.

16

1960 AO in Davos

17

1960 AO Faculty in Davos

FritzBrussatis

WillyHunziker

AugustGuggenbühl

RenéPatry

ErnstBaumannn

RobertSchneider

WalterOtt

WalterSchär

WalterBandi

MartinAllgöwer

(Fischer) (Keller)Hans

WilleneggerMauriceMüller

WalterStähli (Bloch)

18

1961 AO TK founded

Maurice Müller

St Gallen, Switzerland

(1918−2009)

Robert Mathys

Bettlach, Switzerland

(1921−2000)

19

1961 AO Round hole plate

Maurice Müller

St Gallen, Switzerland

20

1961 AO Compression device

Maurice Müller

St Gallen, Switzerland

21

1961 2nd AO Course in Davos

John Charnley and Martin Allgöwer in the AO Davos Lab.

22

1963 AO Principles of ORIF

Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer

Hans Willenegger Robert Schneider

1 Atraumatic surgical technique2 Anatomical reduction of fracture3 Stable internal fixation4 Early active pain free mobilization

23

1963 AO Plating

24

1963 AO Instrument boxes

Attendance at an

official AO Course

was mandatory for

purchasing the

six official AO Instrument

boxes.

25

1963 Teaching nurses

26

1963 AO Tubular plates

Maurice Müller

Bern, Switzerland

1/2 tubular

1/4 tubular

1/3 tubular

27

1963 Primary bone healing

Hans Willenegger

Liestal

(1910−1998)

Robert Schenk Basel (1923−2011)

Fritz Straumann

Waldenburg (1921−1988)

28

1965 AO Nailing

Maurice Müller

Bern, Switzerland

29

1968 High-energy fractures

Martin Allgöwer

Basel, Switzerland

Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland

30

1969 AO VET (veterinary)

Dog treated with Kuntscher nail by

H Knoll, J Jenny and

owner H Willenegger

31

1969 Dynamic compression

Martin AllgöwerStephan PerrenMax Russenberger

Dynamic Compression Plate

Narrow: DCP 3.5

Broad: DCP 4.5

32

1969 AO Manual

Maurice Müller

Martin Allgöwer

Robert Schneider

Hans Willenegger

1970 Translated from German

into English by

by Joseph Schatzker

33

1970 AO and Lorenz Böhler

Prof Willenegger presents Prof Böhler with AO book.

34

1972 AO International

Hans WilleneggerLiestal, Switzerland (1910−1998)1st president of AOI

35

1974 1st AO CMF course

Joachim Prein

Basel, Switzerland

36

1978 Strain theory of healing

Stephan Perren

Davos, Switzerland

Alexander Boitzy

St Gallen, Switzerland

37

1981 Biomechanical stability

Bernhard Georg Weber

St Gallen, Switzerland (1927−2002)

Minimax Fracture Fixation

Minimal amount of metalMaximum stability

38

1983 Soft-tissue injury

Harald Tscherne

Hannover, Germany

Tscherne classification of closed fractures

39

1984 AO Foundation

Peter vonRechenberg

ThomasRüedi

PeterMatter

FritzStraumann

RobertMathys

StephanPerren

Notary MartinAllgöwer

MauriceMüller

RobertSchneider

HansWillenegger

HansjörgWyss

40

1984 Four pillars of AO

Martin Allgöwer

Basel, Switzerland

1st AO Foundation president

Four pillars of cooperation:• Documentation• Teaching• Research• Instrumentation

41

1987 AO Classification

Maurice Müller

Peter Koch

Serge Nazarian

“A classification is useful only

if it considers the severity of

the bone lesion and serves

as a basis for treatment and

for evaluation of the results.”

42

1987 Indications for ORIF

Joseph Schatzker

Toronto, Canada Toronto, Canada

Marvin Tile

4343

1988 Periosteal blood supply (plates)

Stephan Perren

Davos, Switzerland

Osteoporosis under plate is caused by bone necrosis and not by stress protection

44

1988 AO Plastic bones

Stephan PerrenDavos, Switzerland

“Synthes bones” = SYNBONE

Thomas RüediChur, Switzerland

4545

1989 AO Founders reunited

Hans Willenegger

Robert Schneider

Maurice Müller

Peter von Rechenberg

Martin Allgöwer Walter Bandi

CEO

46

1989 AO Alumni Association

56 local chapters in 6 AO Regions in 2008

North America

Latin America

Middle East

Europe

Africa

Asia Pacific

47

1989 Indirect reduction

Jeff Mast Roland Jakob

Reinhold Ganz

48

1990 “Bio-logical” fixation

Alexander Boitzy Reinhold Ganz

Bern, Switzerland Bern, Switzerland

Soft-tissue injury determines

the type of fracture fixation.

Three stages of tissue damage:

1. Compromised (careful standard fixation possible)

2. Partial degloving (indirect reduction required)

3. Soft tissues destroyed (reconstruction essential)

4949

1990 Endosteal blood supply (nails)

Stephan Perren

Davos, Switzerland

50

1990 Small footprint LC-DCP

Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland

L Limited

C Contact

D Dynamic

C Compression

P Plate

Emanuel Gautier Chur, Switzerland

51

1990 Robert Schneider passes away

52

1992 AO North America

53

1992 AO Center Davos

Spring Summer

Fall Winter

54

1993 Internal fixator PC-Fix

Stephan Perren Slobodan Tepic

Davos, Switzerland ???, Switzerland

PC-Fix

Point Contact Fixator

Monocortical locking

55

1994 AO East Asia

Suthorn BavonratanavechChiangmai, Thailand1st president of AOEA

Hong Kong

Indonesia

PhilippinesMalaysia

South Korea

Singapore

Taiwan/Chinese Taipei

Thailand

56

1995 LISS

Robert Frigg

Bettlach, Switzerland

Less

Invasive

Stabilization

System

Locking head screws

57

1997 Walter Bandi passes away

58

1997 Mini incisions (MIPO)

Christian Krettek Harald Tscherne

Minimally

Invasive

Plate

Osteosynthesis

59

1998 AO Latin America

AOLAT• Argentina• Bolivia• Brazil• Chile• Colombia• Ecuador• México• Perú• Uruguay

60

1998 Hans Willenegger passes away

61

1999 AO Clinical investigation

Ruedi Moser 1999−2003 Beate Hanson 2003−

62

Surgeon of the 20th century

63

2000 AO Principles of Fracture Management

Thomas Rüedi Liam Murphy

Chur, Surrey,

Switzerland England

64

2000 Howard Rosen passes away

65

2000 Robert Mathys passes away

66

2000 Locking compression plates

Robert Frigg Bettlach, Switzerland

Michael Wagner Wien, Austria

Robert Schavan Willich Anrath, Germany

Combination hole

Osteoporotic bone

Nonunions

67

2000 AO Plate technology

1961 Round hole plates Maurice Müller1963 Tubular plates Maurice Müller1970 Dynamic compression plates Stephan Perren

1989 Indirect reduction techniques Jeff Mast1990 Biological fixation Reinhold Ganz1990 Limited contact (DC) plates Stephan Perren

1993 PC-Fix Stephan Perren1997 MIPO Christian Krettek1995 LISS Robert Frigg2000 Locking compression plates (LCP) Robert Frigg

68

2001 Anatomical plates

Preshaped locking plates for MIPO techniques

69

2001 AO Portal on the Internet

70

2002 Hardi Weber passes away

71

2002 StarDrive screws

Stephan Perren

Davos, Switzerland

72

2003 AOSpine is formed

John Webb Max Aebi Paul Pavlov

Nottingham, Montreal, Nijmegen,

England Canada Netherlands

73

2003 Strain theory and LCP

Michael Wagner Christoph Sommer

Wien, Austria Chur, Switzerland

74

2004 AO CAS and BrainLAB

Christian Krettek

Hannover, Germany

C ComputerA AidedS Surgery

75

2005 AO Expert nails

76

2006 AO Trauma Asia Pacific

AOTAP

Australia New Zealand

China Philippines

Hong Kong Singapore

Indonesia South Korea

Japan Taiwan

Malaysia Thailand

India joins AOTAP in 2007

77

2006 AO LCP Manual

Michael Wagner

Wien, Austria

Robert Frigg

Bettlach, Switzerland

78

2006 AO Surgery reference

Editors:

Chris Colton

Peter Trafton

Joseph Schatzker

Ernst Raaymakers

79

2007 AOSpine Manual

John Webb Vincent Arlet Max Aebi

80

2007 AO Principles of Fracture Management─2nd edition

Thomas Rüedi

Chur, Switzerland

Richard Buckley

Calgary, Canada

Christopher Moran

Nottingham, England

81

2007 Pediatric classification

Theddy SlongoBern, Switzerland

Laurent AudigéDübendorf, Switzerland

82

2007 Martin Allgöwer passes away

83

2008 AO 50th anniversary

Professor Maurice Müller

on his 90th birthday

March 28, 2008

unveils a plaque

in Hotel Elite.

Biel (Bienne)

Switzerland

84

85

Changing Lives

Transforming Surgery