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Review Article OPEN ACCESS | Freely available online
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Volume 2 | Issue 2 | e1000015 Chee Kong Yap
Antiviral compounds from marine bivalves for evaluation against
SARS-CoV-2
Chee Kong Yap*
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract: A novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is claiming thousands of lives worldwide. As of April 10, 2020, the number of laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected has reached over 1.7 million (1,725,126) with over 0.1 million (104,878) recorded deaths. This pandemic has ushered an urgent need for identifying drugs which can inhibit the survival of SARS-CoV-2. On one hand,
researchers from across globe are searching for various sources of potential antiviral compounds. On the other hand, high diversity, ecological adaptation, defensive system against wide range of viruses makes marine bivalves as a great source of antiviral compounds. Ocean environment has provided a rich diversity of compounds from structural classes including alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, polysaccharides, and peptides etc., many of which have shown potential activities against bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral diseases. In this scenario, potential antiviral compounds from marine bivalves, worth evaluating against SARS-CoV-2 have been briefly summarized in this present review. Keywords: Antiviral compounds; marine bivalves; antiviral potency; SARS-CoV-2; novel corona virus.
Citation: Chee Kong Yap (2020) Antiviral compounds from marine bivalves for evaluation against SARS-CoV-2, Journal of PeerScientist
Virus (HSV) are 4a-acetyldictyodial, pseudopterosins, helioporins, 8-hydroxymanzamine A, halovirs;
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are Sulfolipids, plastoquinones,
pseudopterosin P and Influenza (H1N1) virus are Nostoflan and strongylin A; Human T- cell leukemia
virus , type 1 (HTLV-1) are Fistularin 3, 11-ketofistularin
3, kelletinin A; murine coronavirus is Halitunal; Hepatitis B (HBV) are neofolitispates, pentacyclic guanidine
alkaloids, Alpha-galactosylceramide and clavulone
against Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) (figure 07) [7].
Muhammed Zafar Iqbal and Khan 2016 reported
a novel DNAse like compound that can inhibit viral
propagation from the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis. They explored DNAse like bioactivity for natural non-
proteinacious compound(s) extracted from P. viridis.
These results indicated the prospect of a source of potential AD against DNA Group I viruses. Muhammed
Zafar Iqbal and Khan speculated that the marine mussels
have evolved some mechanisms against viral infections which need further studies [22].
Figure 05: 2D structures of Dolastatin 10 & 15, Kahalaide F and Keenamide A compounds.
http://journal.peerscientist.com Antiviral compounds from marine bivalves against SARS-CoV-2
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Volume 2 | Issue 2 | e1000015 Chee Kong Yap
Figure 06: 2D structures of Turbostatin 1, Spisulosine-ES-285, Ulapualide-A, and Ziconotide compounds.
http://journal.peerscientist.com Antiviral compounds from marine bivalves against SARS-CoV-2
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Volume 2 | Issue 2 | e1000015 Chee Kong Yap
II. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, all the above literature indicates that
various marine sources, especially marine bivalves holds
rich diversity of compounds from structural classes
including alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, polysaccharides, and peptides etc., with potential antiviral potency which
can be used for further studies towards converting them
into antiviral drugs. Owing to the fact that bivalves are totally depended on their inborn immune system to
protect themselves against viral infections, they are bound
to develop a wide range of compounds which are hard to
find elsewhere. Taking these compounds as start point, potential target specific drug like compounds can be
Figure 07: 2D structures of Dolastatin 10 & 15, Kahalaide F, Keenamide A, Turbostatin 1, Spisulosine-ES-285, Ulapualide-A, and Ziconotide compounds.
http://journal.peerscientist.com Antiviral compounds from marine bivalves against SARS-CoV-2
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Volume 2 | Issue 2 | e1000015 Chee Kong Yap
designed to tackle viral infections, including present
SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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