Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Antiseptics ,DisinfectantAntiseptics ,Disinfectantss

By, Dr Ekta Nigam, Dr. PRASHANT,

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• PRESENTATION ON VARIOUS PRESENTATION ON VARIOUS ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS USED IN DAILY LIFE ANDUSED IN DAILY LIFE AND

• DESCRIBING ABOUT THEIR DESCRIBING ABOUT THEIR USES,ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES USES,ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND ADVERSE EFFECTSAND ADVERSE EFFECTS..

ANTISEPTICSANTISEPTICS

•CHEMICALS FOE CHEMICALS FOE DESTRUCTION , INHIBITION OF DESTRUCTION , INHIBITION OF MICROBES IN LIVING TISSUES.MICROBES IN LIVING TISSUES.

•PREVENT HARMFUL EFFECT PREVENT HARMFUL EFFECT OF INFECTIONOF INFECTION..

DISINFECTANTSDISINFECTANTS

•CHEMICALS FOR CHEMICALS FOR DESTRUCTION,REMOVALOF MICROBES DESTRUCTION,REMOVALOF MICROBES ON INANIMATE OBJECTS.ON INANIMATE OBJECTS.

•HAVE CONCENTRATION DEPENDENT HAVE CONCENTRATION DEPENDENT ACTIONS.ACTIONS.

•GROWTH INHIBITING ,DIRECT LETHALGROWTH INHIBITING ,DIRECT LETHAL..

IDEAL IDEAL ANTISEPTICS :ANTISEPTICS :• CHEMICALLY STABLE.CHEMICALLY STABLE.• NON-STAINING WITH AGREEABLE NON-STAINING WITH AGREEABLE

COLOR AND ODOUR.COLOR AND ODOUR.• CIDAL NOT STATIC,DESTROYS CIDAL NOT STATIC,DESTROYS

SPORES.SPORES.• RAPID IN ACTION.RAPID IN ACTION.• ACTIVE IN PRESENCE OF BLOOD, ACTIVE IN PRESENCE OF BLOOD,

PUS,EXUDATES AND EXCRETA.PUS,EXUDATES AND EXCRETA.• NON-IRRITATING TO TISSUES,SHOULD NON-IRRITATING TO TISSUES,SHOULD

NOT DELAY HEALING.NOT DELAY HEALING.• NON ABSORBABLE,PRODUCE NON ABSORBABLE,PRODUCE

MINIMUM TOXICITYMINIMUM TOXICITY..

MECHANISM OF ACTION:MECHANISM OF ACTION:

•OXIDATION OF BACTERIAL PROTOPLASM.OXIDATION OF BACTERIAL PROTOPLASM.

•DENATURATION OF BACTERIAL PROTEINS DENATURATION OF BACTERIAL PROTEINS AND ENZYME.AND ENZYME.

•DETERGENT ACTION INCREASING DETERGENT ACTION INCREASING PERMEABILITY OF BACTERIAL MEMBRANEPERMEABILITY OF BACTERIAL MEMBRANE..

FACTORS MODIFYING FACTORS MODIFYING ACTIONACTION• TEMPERATURE AND pH.TEMPERATURE AND pH.

• PERIOD OF CONTACT WITH MICROBES.PERIOD OF CONTACT WITH MICROBES.

• NATURE OF MICROBES INVOLVED.NATURE OF MICROBES INVOLVED.

• SIZE OF INNOCULUMSIZE OF INNOCULUM

• PRESENCE OF BLOOD,PUS,OR ORGANIC MATTERPRESENCE OF BLOOD,PUS,OR ORGANIC MATTER..

POTENCYPOTENCY ::

• PHENOL COEFFICIENT OR RIDEAL PHENOL COEFFICIENT OR RIDEAL WALKER COEFFICIENT.WALKER COEFFICIENT.

•DEFINED AS RATIO OF MINIMUM DEFINED AS RATIO OF MINIMUM CONC. OF TEST DRUG REQUIRED TO CONC. OF TEST DRUG REQUIRED TO KILL A 24 HOUR CULTURE OF KILL A 24 HOUR CULTURE OF B.TYPHOMA IN 7.5 MINS AT 37.5 B.TYPHOMA IN 7.5 MINS AT 37.5 DEGREE CELSIUS TO THAT OF DEGREE CELSIUS TO THAT OF PHENOLPHENOL..

THERAPEUTIC INDEX:THERAPEUTIC INDEX:

•COMPARES THE CONCENTRATION AT COMPARES THE CONCENTRATION AT WHICH ANTISEPTICS ACTS ON WHICH ANTISEPTICS ACTS ON MICROBES ANDMICROBES AND

• CONCENTRATION AT WHICH IT CONCENTRATION AT WHICH IT PRODUCE LOCAL IRRITATION, TISSUE PRODUCE LOCAL IRRITATION, TISSUE DAMAGE OR INTERFERE WITH DAMAGE OR INTERFERE WITH HEALING.HEALING.

CLASSIFICATION :CLASSIFICATION :

• PHENOL DERIVATIVESPHENOL DERIVATIVES: :

PHENOL,CRESOL,RESORCINOL,CHLOROPHENOL,CRESOL,RESORCINOL,CHLOROXYLENOL,HEXACHLOROPHENE.XYLENOL,HEXACHLOROPHENE.

• ..HALOGENSHALOGENS: : IODINE,IODOPHORES,CHLORINE, IODINE,IODOPHORES,CHLORINE, CHLOROPHORESCHLOROPHORES

• BIGUANIDEBIGUANIDE::CHLORHEXIDINECHLORHEXIDINE• OXIDIZING AGENTSOXIDIZING AGENTS: :

POT.PERMAGNATE,HYDROGEN POT.PERMAGNATE,HYDROGEN PEROXIDE,BENZOYL PEROXIDEPEROXIDE,BENZOYL PEROXIDE

•QUATERNARY AMMONIUM QUATERNARY AMMONIUM (CATIONIC(CATIONIC):): CETRIMIDE,CETYLPYRIDINIUM CETRIMIDE,CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE,BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE,BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE.CHLORIDE.

•SOAPS:SOAPS: OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUMOF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM..

•ALCOHOLSALCOHOLS: : ETHANOL, ETHANOL, ISOPROPANOLISOPROPANOL..

• ALDEHYDES:ALDEHYDES: FORMALDEHYDE ,GLUTARALDEHYDEFORMALDEHYDE ,GLUTARALDEHYDE..

• ACIDSACIDS: : BORIC ACID,ACETIC ACIDBORIC ACID,ACETIC ACID..

• METALLIC SALTSMETALLIC SALTS: : AMMONIATED AMMONIATED MERCURY,ZINC SULFATE,CALAMINE,ZINC MERCURY,ZINC SULFATE,CALAMINE,ZINC OXIDE , PHENYL MERCURIC NITRATE, OXIDE , PHENYL MERCURIC NITRATE, SILVER SULFADIAZINESILVER SULFADIAZINE

PHENOL DERIVATIVESPHENOL DERIVATIVES::• PHENOL (CARBOLIC ACID):PHENOL (CARBOLIC ACID):• WEAK AGENT,STATIC AT 0.2%,CIDAL WEAK AGENT,STATIC AT 0.2%,CIDAL

AT>1%,POOR ACTIONS ON BACTERIAL AT>1%,POOR ACTIONS ON BACTERIAL SPORES.SPORES.

• PROTOPLASMIC POISON.PROTOPLASMIC POISON.• DENATURES BACTERIAL PROTEINSDENATURES BACTERIAL PROTEINS..• USESUSES: : DISINFECTION OF URINE,FAECES DISINFECTION OF URINE,FAECES

PUS,SPUTUM, ANTIPRURITIC PUS,SPUTUM, ANTIPRURITIC PREPARATIONSPREPARATIONS..

• ADVERSE EFFECTSADVERSE EFFECTS: : BUCCAL,ESOPHAGEAL,GASTRIC BUCCAL,ESOPHAGEAL,GASTRIC BURNS,RESPIRATORY PARALYSISBURNS,RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS..

• CRESOL:CRESOL:

•A METHYL PHENOLA METHYL PHENOL..• USES:USES: DISINFECTION OF UTENSILS, DISINFECTION OF UTENSILS,

EXCRETA,AND FOR WASHING HANDSEXCRETA,AND FOR WASHING HANDS..• CHLOROXYLENOLCHLOROXYLENOL::• NON- CORROSIVE, NON-IRRITATING TO NON- CORROSIVE, NON-IRRITATING TO

INTACT SKIN.INTACT SKIN.• COMMERCIAL PREPARATION:DETTOLCOMMERCIAL PREPARATION:DETTOL (4.8% SOLN)9% TERPINOL,13% ALCOHOL,(4.8% SOLN)9% TERPINOL,13% ALCOHOL,0.8% CREAM& SOAP,1.4% LUBRICATING 0.8% CREAM& SOAP,1.4% LUBRICATING

OBSTETRIC CREAMOBSTETRIC CREAM. . • USESUSES::SURGICAL ANTISEPTICSSURGICAL ANTISEPTICS

• HEXACHLOROPHENE:HEXACHLOROPHENE:

•POTENT CHLORINATED PHENOL.POTENT CHLORINATED PHENOL.

• INHIBIT BACTERIAL ENZYMES-INHIBIT BACTERIAL ENZYMES-BACTERIAL LYSINS.BACTERIAL LYSINS.

•ODOURLESS, NON-IRRITATINGODOURLESS, NON-IRRITATING..

• USES: USES: ANTISEPTICS FOR SURGICAL ANTISEPTICS FOR SURGICAL SCRUB, TOILET PRODUCTS & SCRUB, TOILET PRODUCTS & DEODRANTSDEODRANTS..

• ADVERSE EFFECTSADVERSE EFFECTS: : STAPHYLOCOCCAL STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS,BRAIN DAMAGE.INFECTIONS,BRAIN DAMAGE.

OXIDIZING AGENTS:OXIDIZING AGENTS:

• POTASSIUM PERMAGNATEPOTASSIUM PERMAGNATE::

• HIGHLY WATER SOLUBLE.HIGHLY WATER SOLUBLE.• OXIDIZES BACTERIAL PROTOPLASMOXIDIZES BACTERIAL PROTOPLASM..

• USES: USES: 1:4000-1:10,000 SOLN (CONDY’S 1:4000-1:10,000 SOLN (CONDY’S LOTION),FOR LOTION),FOR GARGLING,DOUCHING,IRRIGATING GARGLING,DOUCHING,IRRIGATING CAVITIES,DISINFECTION OF WATER, CAVITIES,DISINFECTION OF WATER, GASTRIC LAVAGEGASTRIC LAVAGE..

• ADVERSE EFFECTSADVERSE EFFECTS: : BURNS,BLISTERING.BURNS,BLISTERING.

• BENZOYL PEROXIDEBENZOYL PEROXIDE::

•LIBERATE OXYGEN,KILLS LIBERATE OXYGEN,KILLS ANAEROBIC,MICROAEROPHILIC ANAEROBIC,MICROAEROPHILIC BACTERIA.BACTERIA.

•KERATOLYTIC AND COMEDOLYTIC KERATOLYTIC AND COMEDOLYTIC PROPERTIESPROPERTIES..

• USES:USES: ACNE,ANTISEPTICSACNE,ANTISEPTICS..

• ADVERSE EFFECTSADVERSE EFFECTS: : BURNING, BURNING, STINGING SENSATION,LOCALIZED STINGING SENSATION,LOCALIZED ERYTHEMA,DRYNESS OF ERYTHEMA,DRYNESS OF SKIN,SCALING EDEMA.SKIN,SCALING EDEMA.

HALOGENS:HALOGENS:

• IODINE:IODINE:• RAPID ACTION,BROAD SPECTRUMRAPID ACTION,BROAD SPECTRUM• MICROBICIDAL AGENT, IODINATES AND MICROBICIDAL AGENT, IODINATES AND

OXIDIZES MICROBIAL PROTOPLASMOXIDIZES MICROBIAL PROTOPLASM..

• USES:USES: 1. 1. 1:20,000 , SOLN KILL VEGETATIVE 1:20,000 , SOLN KILL VEGETATIVE FORM, FORM,

1.TINCTURE IODINE 2% FOR ALCOHOL 1.TINCTURE IODINE 2% FOR ALCOHOL 2.MANDEL’S PAINT 1.25% IN POT .IODIDE FOR 2.MANDEL’S PAINT 1.25% IN POT .IODIDE FOR

SORE THROAT. SORE THROAT. 3.NON-STAINING IODINE 3.NON-STAINING IODINE

OINTMENT :ANTISEPTICS,COUNTER IRRITANTOINTMENT :ANTISEPTICS,COUNTER IRRITANT..

• ADVERSE EFFECTSADVERSE EFFECTS: :

CORROSIVE,BURNS,BLISTERS, RASHESCORROSIVE,BURNS,BLISTERS, RASHES ..

• IODOPHORESIODOPHORES::

•SOLUBLE COMPLEX OF IODINE.SOLUBLE COMPLEX OF IODINE.•RELEASE FREE IODINERELEASE FREE IODINE..• USES: USES: POVIDONE IODINE POVIDONE IODINE

(POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE),NON-(POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE),NON-IRRITATING,NONTOXIC,FOR IRRITATING,NONTOXIC,FOR BOILS,FURUNCULOSIS,BURNS,OTITIBOILS,FURUNCULOSIS,BURNS,OTITIS EXTERNA, S EXTERNA, ULCER,VAGINITIS,SURGICAL ULCER,VAGINITIS,SURGICAL SCRUBBING,DISINFECTION OF SCRUBBING,DISINFECTION OF ENDOSCOPIC INSTRUMENTSENDOSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS..

• CHLORINE:CHLORINE:

• HIGHLY REACTIVE.HIGHLY REACTIVE.

• POTENT GERMICIDEPOTENT GERMICIDE..

• USESUSES: : DISINFECTION OF URBAN WATER DISINFECTION OF URBAN WATER SUPPLIESSUPPLIES..

• CHLOROPHORESCHLOROPHORES::

• COMPOUND RELEASES HYPOCHLOROUS COMPOUND RELEASES HYPOCHLOROUS ACID.ACID.

• TYPES:1.CHLORONATED LIME (BLEACHING TYPES:1.CHLORONATED LIME (BLEACHING POWDERPOWDER))

• USES: USES: DISINFECTION OF DRINKING DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER,SWIMMING POOLS,SANITIZER FOR WATER,SWIMMING POOLS,SANITIZER FOR PRIVIESPRIVIES..

• 2.SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLN2.SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLN::

• USESUSES:(4-6%)DISINFECTANT IN DAIRIES FOR MILK :(4-6%)DISINFECTANT IN DAIRIES FOR MILK CANS,EQUIPMENTS,ANTISEPTIC,ROOT CANAL CANS,EQUIPMENTS,ANTISEPTIC,ROOT CANAL THERAPYTHERAPY..

• 3.DAKIN SOLN3.DAKIN SOLN: : DILUTE SOD. HYPOCHLORITE DILUTE SOD. HYPOCHLORITE BUFFERED WITH BORIC ACIDBUFFERED WITH BORIC ACID..

• 4.EUSOL4.EUSOL: : CHLORINATED LIME 1.25%CHLORINATED LIME 1.25%+BORIC ACID+BORIC ACID..

• USES:USES: DISSOLVING PUS,BLOOD DISSOLVING PUS,BLOOD CLOTS,NECROTIC MATTER,CLEAN CLOTS,NECROTIC MATTER,CLEAN INFECTED WOUNDSINFECTED WOUNDS

• 55.CHLORAMINE-T.CHLORAMINE-T: : ORGANIC CHLOROPHOREORGANIC CHLOROPHORE

• 6.HALAZONE6.HALAZONE:CHLORAMINE,AS SANITIZER:CHLORAMINE,AS SANITIZER

BIGUANIDES:BIGUANIDES:

• CHLOROHEXIDIENECHLOROHEXIDIENE::

•POWERFUL,NON-IRRITATING POWERFUL,NON-IRRITATING ANTISEPTICS.ANTISEPTICS.

•DISRUPTS BACTERIAL CELL DISRUPTS BACTERIAL CELL MEMBRANE.MEMBRANE.

•ACTIVE AGAINST GRAM +VEACTIVE AGAINST GRAM +VE..

• USES: USES: SURGICAL SCRUB,NEONATAL SURGICAL SCRUB,NEONATAL BATH,MOUTHWASH, OBSTETRICS& BATH,MOUTHWASH, OBSTETRICS& SKIN ANTISEPTICSSKIN ANTISEPTICS..

QUATERNARY QUATERNARY AMMONIUMAMMONIUM (CATIONIC (CATIONIC ANTISEPTICS):ANTISEPTICS):• DETERGENTS, CIDAL TO BACTERIA,FUNGI DETERGENTS, CIDAL TO BACTERIA,FUNGI & VIRUSES.& VIRUSES.

• ALTER PERMEABILITY OF CELL ALTER PERMEABILITY OF CELL MEMBRANE.MEMBRANE.

• SOAP NEUTRALIZES ACTIONS, ALCOHOL SOAP NEUTRALIZES ACTIONS, ALCOHOL POTENTIATES.POTENTIATES.

• NON-IRRITATING,MILD KERATOLYTICNON-IRRITATING,MILD KERATOLYTIC..

• USES: USES: SANITIZERS,ANTISEPTICS, SANITIZERS,ANTISEPTICS, DISINFECTANT FOR SURGICAL DISINFECTANT FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT,GLOVESINSTRUMENT,GLOVES..

• CETRIMIDE:CETRIMIDE:

•SOAPY POWDER WITH FAINT ,FISHY SOAPY POWDER WITH FAINT ,FISHY ODOURODOUR..

• USESUSES: : CLEANING DIRT,GREASE,TAR, CLEANING DIRT,GREASE,TAR, CONGEALED BLOOD (ROAD ACCIDENTS),AS CONGEALED BLOOD (ROAD ACCIDENTS),AS ANTISEPTIC IN HOSPITAL, DISINFECTANT ANTISEPTIC IN HOSPITAL, DISINFECTANT FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, UTENSILSFOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, UTENSILS..

• SOAPS:SOAPS:

• ANIONIC DETERGENTS,WEAK ANTISEPTICS.ANIONIC DETERGENTS,WEAK ANTISEPTICS.

• AFFECT GRAM + BACTERIA.AFFECT GRAM + BACTERIA.

• USED FOR CLEANSING ACTIONUSED FOR CLEANSING ACTION..

ALCOHOLS:ALCOHOLS:

• ETHANOL:ETHANOL:

•EFFECTIVE ANTISEPTICEFFECTIVE ANTISEPTIC•CLEANSING AGENT AT 40-90% CONC.CLEANSING AGENT AT 40-90% CONC.•RAPIDITY OF ACTION INCREASES WITH RAPIDITY OF ACTION INCREASES WITH

INCREASE IN CONC.INCREASE IN CONC.• IT PRECIPITATES BACTERIAL PROTEINSIT PRECIPITATES BACTERIAL PROTEINS..• ADVERSE EFFECTSADVERSE EFFECTS: : BURNING BURNING

SENSATION,INJURY,FORM COAGULUM SENSATION,INJURY,FORM COAGULUM FOR BACTERIAL GROWTHFOR BACTERIAL GROWTH..

ALDEHYDES:ALDEHYDES:• FORMALDEHYDEFORMALDEHYDE::

• DENATURES BACTERIAL PROTEINS.DENATURES BACTERIAL PROTEINS.• PROTOPLASMIC POISON.PROTOPLASMIC POISON.• PRECIPITATES TOXOID OUT OF TOXINSPRECIPITATES TOXOID OUT OF TOXINS..• USESUSES:: DISINFECTION OF INSTRUMENTS, DISINFECTION OF INSTRUMENTS,

EXCRETA,PRESERVATION OF DEAD EXCRETA,PRESERVATION OF DEAD TISSUESTISSUES..

• ADVERSE EFFECTSADVERSE EFFECTS: : ECZEMATOID ECZEMATOID REACTIONSREACTIONS..

• GLUTARALDEHYDEGLUTARALDEHYDE: : STERILIZING AGENTSTERILIZING AGENT..• LESS IRRITATING ,LESS PUNGENTLESS IRRITATING ,LESS PUNGENT..

• USESUSES:: DISINFECTION OF SURGICAL DISINFECTION OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS,ENDOSCOPESINSTRUMENTS,ENDOSCOPES..

ACIDSACIDS ::• BORIC ACIDBORIC ACID: : BACTERIOSTATIC & WEAK BACTERIOSTATIC & WEAK

ANTISEPTICS, NON IRRITATING.ANTISEPTICS, NON IRRITATING.• USESUSES:: IRRIGATING EYES, MOUTHWASHES, IRRIGATING EYES, MOUTHWASHES,

1.BOROGLYCERINE PAINT(30%)-1.BOROGLYCERINE PAINT(30%)-STOMATITIS,GLOSSITISSTOMATITIS,GLOSSITIS. .

2.BOROCIDE (10%): CUTS AND ABRASION, 2.BOROCIDE (10%): CUTS AND ABRASION, PRICKLY HEAT POWDERS,EAR PRICKLY HEAT POWDERS,EAR DROPS,IRRIGATING BLADDERDROPS,IRRIGATING BLADDER..

• ADVERSE EFFECTSADVERSE EFFECTS: : VOMITING,ABDOMINAL VOMITING,ABDOMINAL PAIN, DIARRHOEA,VISUAL& KIDNEY PAIN, DIARRHOEA,VISUAL& KIDNEY DAMAGEDAMAGE..

• ACETIC ACIDACETIC ACID:: BACTERIOCIDAL – FOR BURN BACTERIOCIDAL – FOR BURN DRESSINGDRESSING..

METALLIC SALTS:METALLIC SALTS:

• MERCURY COMPOUNDSMERCURY COMPOUNDS : :

•BACTERIOSTATIC, POOR BACTERIOSTATIC, POOR ANTISEPTICS.ANTISEPTICS.

•LOW THERAPEUTIC INDEX.LOW THERAPEUTIC INDEX.• INACTIVATES SH-ENZYMESINACTIVATES SH-ENZYMES..

• 1.AMMONIUM MERCURY1.AMMONIUM MERCURY: : 5-10%5-10% OINTMENT,DERMATOPHYTOSIS, ANAL OINTMENT,DERMATOPHYTOSIS, ANAL PRURITISPRURITIS..

• 2.PHENYL MERCURIC NITRATE:2.PHENYL MERCURIC NITRATE:

• USESUSES: : IN TINEA IN TINEA REMEDIES,ANORECTAL REMEDIES,ANORECTAL PREPARATIONS, OTIC, OCULAR PREPARATIONS, OTIC, OCULAR PREPARATIONS & PRESERVATIVESPREPARATIONS & PRESERVATIVES..

• MERBROMIN:MERBROMIN:

•BRIGHT RED, ORGANIC MERCURIAL.BRIGHT RED, ORGANIC MERCURIAL.

•NON-IRRITATING & LESS TOXIC.NON-IRRITATING & LESS TOXIC.• USES: USES: 1-2% FOR EYES AND SKIN1-2% FOR EYES AND SKIN..

SILVER COMOUNDSSILVER COMOUNDS::

•ASTRINGENT &CAUSTIC.ASTRINGENT &CAUSTIC.

•REACT WITH -SH,-COOH,-POREACT WITH -SH,-COOH,-PO44,-,-NHNH2 2 PROTEINS.PROTEINS.

•SHOWS OLIGO DYNAMIC ACTION: SHOWS OLIGO DYNAMIC ACTION: REDUCES Ag+ CONC. IN STORED REDUCES Ag+ CONC. IN STORED WATER IN SILVER VESSEL.WATER IN SILVER VESSEL.

• ::

•2.SILVER NITRATE2.SILVER NITRATE

•RAPIDILY KILLS MICROBES.RAPIDILY KILLS MICROBES.•FORMS SILVER PROTEINATE WITH FORMS SILVER PROTEINATE WITH

TISSUE PROTEINS-TOXIC ACTIONTISSUE PROTEINS-TOXIC ACTION..

• USESUSES: : HYPERTROPHIED TONSILITIS, HYPERTROPHIED TONSILITIS, APTHOUS ULCERAPTHOUS ULCER. .

SILVER SULFADIAZINESILVER SULFADIAZINE::

•HIGHLY ACTIVEHIGHLY ACTIVE..

• USESUSES: : AS OINTMENT IN BURNSAS OINTMENT IN BURNS..

ZINC SALTSZINC SALTS::

• ASTRINGENT & MILD ANTISEPTICSASTRINGENT & MILD ANTISEPTICS..

• 1.ZINC SULFATE1.ZINC SULFATE: : WATER SOLUBLE.WATER SOLUBLE.• DECREASES PERSPIRATIONDECREASES PERSPIRATION..

• USESUSES: : EYE &EAR DROPS,EYE WASH, EYE &EAR DROPS,EYE WASH, WHITE LOTION 4% (ZINC WHITE LOTION 4% (ZINC SULFATE+SULFATED POTASH)- FOR SULFATE+SULFATED POTASH)- FOR ACNE AND IMPETIGOACNE AND IMPETIGO..

• 2.CALAMINE &ZINC OXIDE2.CALAMINE &ZINC OXIDE: : INSOLUBLEINSOLUBLE• MILD ANTISEPTIC.MILD ANTISEPTIC.• USES:USES: DERMAL DERMAL

PROTECTIVES,ADSORBANTSPROTECTIVES,ADSORBANTS..

DYES:DYES:

• 1.GENTIAN VIOLET (CRYSTAL VIOLET):1.GENTIAN VIOLET (CRYSTAL VIOLET):

• ROSANILINE DYE.ROSANILINE DYE.• ACTIVE AGAINST ACTIVE AGAINST

STAPHYLOCOCCI,GRAM +VE BACTERIASTAPHYLOCOCCI,GRAM +VE BACTERIA..

• USESUSES: : ALCOHOLIC SOLN (0.5%) FOR ALCOHOLIC SOLN (0.5%) FOR FURUNCULOSIS, BED SORES, CHRONIC FURUNCULOSIS, BED SORES, CHRONIC ULCERS,INFECTIVE ECZEMA ULCERS,INFECTIVE ECZEMA THRUSH,RINGWORMTHRUSH,RINGWORM..

• BRILIANT GREENBRILIANT GREEN : :ROSANILINE DYEROSANILINE DYE..

• ACRIFLAVIN AND PROFLAVIN:ACRIFLAVIN AND PROFLAVIN:

• ORANGE-YELLOW ACRIDINE DYESORANGE-YELLOW ACRIDINE DYES

• ACTIVE AGAINST GRAM + VE BACTERIA ACTIVE AGAINST GRAM + VE BACTERIA &GONOCOCCI.&GONOCOCCI.

• SENSITIVE TO LIGHT & LOSE EFFICACYSENSITIVE TO LIGHT & LOSE EFFICACY..

• USES:USES: CHRONIC ULCERS,WOUNDS, BURN CHRONIC ULCERS,WOUNDS, BURN DRESSINGS, TRIPLE DYE LOTION-DRESSINGS, TRIPLE DYE LOTION-GENTIAN VIOLET 0.25%+BRILIANT GENTIAN VIOLET 0.25%+BRILIANT GREEN 0.25%+ ACRIFLAVIN 0.1% FOR GREEN 0.25%+ ACRIFLAVIN 0.1% FOR BURNS.DRESSING IN UMBILICAL STUMP BURNS.DRESSING IN UMBILICAL STUMP IN NEONATESIN NEONATES..

FURAN DERIVATIVES:FURAN DERIVATIVES:

•CIDAL FOR GRAM +VE & GRAM –CIDAL FOR GRAM +VE & GRAM –VE,AEROBIC &ANAEROBIC BACTERIA.VE,AEROBIC &ANAEROBIC BACTERIA.

• INHIBITS ENZYMES FOR INHIBITS ENZYMES FOR CARBOHYDRATES METABOLISM.CARBOHYDRATES METABOLISM.

•EFFICACIOUS IN BURNS,SKIN EFFICACIOUS IN BURNS,SKIN GRAFTINGGRAFTING. .

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