NOTE Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Acinetobacter species isolated from blood cultures in two Japanese university hospitals Kozue Kishii 1 , Ken Kikuchi 2 , Atsushi Yoshida 3 , Katsuko Okuzumi 3 , Yushi Uetera 1 , Hiroshi Yasuhara 4 and Kyoji Moriya 5 1 Department of Quality Assessment and Control of Medical Device Sterilization, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan, 2 Department of Infection Control Science, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8421, 3 Division of Infection Control, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuga‐gun, Tochigi 321‐0293, 4 Surgical Center and 5 Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan ABSTRACT Carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has rapidly spread worldwide. This study investigated antibiotic susceptibility and genotypic resistance of 123 consecutive blood culture isolates of Acinetobacter species collected between 2003 and 2011 in two Japanese hospitals. The isolates were assigned to 13 species. Carbapenem resistance was detected in four isolates. Only one A. baumannii isolate had bla OXA‐23 together with ISAba1; the remaining three isolates had IMP‐1 metallo‐b‐lactamase. Quinolone resistance was detected in five isolates that had point mutations in the quinolone resistance‐ determining region. The predominance of various non‐A. baumannii species and low prevalence of carbapenem resistance among blood culture isolates of Acinetobacter species in two Japanese hospitals were confirmed. Key words bla OXA23 , IMP‐1, non‐Acinetobacter baumannii complex, quinolone resistance‐determining region. Acinetobacter species, non‐fermenting gram‐negative bacilli that are ubiquitous in the environment, have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens (1). Resistance to drying and to many commonly used antimicrobial agents are the key factors that enable these organisms to survive and spread in nosocomial environments (2). The genus Acinetobacter currently comprises 30 named species and nine genomic species (1, 3). Its most important representative, Acinetobacter baumannii, has emerged as one of the most problematic pathogens for healthcare institutions world‐wide, largely because of its ability to develop resistance to several antimicrobial agents (1, 2). Although species other than A. baumannii are also likely responsible for nosocomial disease, their role is not yet clear because insufficient simple phenotypic tests are used in diagnostic laboratories and these are able only to identify members of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–A. baumannii complex (4–7). Although phenotypic identifi- cation of Acinetobacter species is unsatisfactory, several molecular methods have been shown to be adequate for identification. Among these methods, rpoB gene‐se- quencing analysis appears to be highly useful for identification of Acinetobacter species (8). Carbapenems play an important role in the treatment of Acinetobacter infections. However, carbapenem‐resis- tant A. baumannii has rapidly spread worldwide in the past two decades (2). Correspondence Kozue Kishii, Department of Quality Assessment and Control of Medical Device Sterilization, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan. Tel: þ81 3 3815 5411 (ext. 35063); fax: þ81 3 5800 8790; email: [email protected] Received 14 September 2013; revised 11 November 2013; accepted 15 November 2013. List of Abbreviations: MBL, metallo‐beta‐lactamase; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; QRDR, quinolone resistance‐determining region. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 58: 142–146 doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.12117 142 © 2013 The Societies and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
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