Russ Daly, DVM, MS, DACVPM Extension Veterinarian State Public Health Veterinarian South Dakota State University © 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Populations
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Russ Daly, DVM, MS,
DACVPM
Extension VeterinarianState Public Health VeterinarianSouth Dakota State University
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University
iGrow.org
Antimicrobial
Resistance in
Animal
Populations
iGrow.orghttp://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/
iGrow.orghttp://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/
iGrow.org© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
iGrow.org© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
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Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns
in Animals
National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System
(NARMS) data
Human enteric bacteria
SDSU Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic
Laboratory data
Animal pathogens
Diagnostic submissions
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
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National Antimicrobial Resistance
Monitoring System (NARMS)
Established in 1996
Collaboration among:
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)
Monitors Abx susceptibility among enteric bacteria:
Humans (CDC)
Retail meats (FDA)
Food animals (USDA)
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
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NARMS Pathogens Monitored
Humans (CDC) – clinical illness
Salmonella (typhi & non-typhi) – E. coli O157 –
Shigella – Campylobacter - Vibrio
Retail meats (FDA)
Chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, pork
chops
Salmonella – Campylobacter – E. coli - Enterococcus
Food animals (USDA)
Chickens, turkeys, cattle, swine
Salmonella – Campylobacter – E. coli - Enterococcus
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
Chicken
Pork chops
State collected
# of antibiotics that isolates were resistant to
Bacteria ND SD Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 # of MDR isolates
Salmonella 0 0 0 - - - - - - - E. coli 7 8 15 12 2 - - - 1 1/15 Enterococcus 4 10 14 1 1 7 3 - 1 4/14
State
collected # of antibiotics that isolates were resistant to
Bacteria ND SD Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # of MDR isolates
Salmonella 0 2 2 - - - 1 - - 1 - - 2/2 Campylobacter 1 6 7 4 1 1 - 1 - - - - 1/7 E. coli 6 12 18 5 4 2 2 3 1 - - 1 7/18 Enterococcus 2 5 7 - 1 2 1 - 1 1 1 - 4/7
State
collected # of antibiotics that isolates were resistant to
Bacteria ND SD Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # of MDR isolates
Salmonella 0 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - E. coli 6 9 15 7 1 3 2 1 1 - - - 4/15 Enterococcus 4 11 15 - - 2 10 1 1 - - 1 4/14
SDSU’s role in NARMS
Ground
beef
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NARMS Pathogens Monitored
Humans (CDC) – clinical illness
Salmonella (typhi & non-typhi) – E. coli O157 –
Shigella – Campylobacter - Vibrio
Retail meats (FDA)
Chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, pork
chops
Salmonella – Campylobacter – E. coli - Enterococcus
Food animals (USDA)
Chickens, turkeys, cattle, swine
Salmonella – Campylobacter – E. coli -
Enterococcus
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
https://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/Antimicr
obialResistance/NationalAntimicrobialResistanceMonitoringS
ystem/ucm416741.htm
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Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
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Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
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SDSU Animal Disease Research
and Diagnostic Laboratory - 2018
24,949 case accessions in 2018
~ 500,000 test procedures/yr.
> 16,000 bacteriology
procedures/yr.
> 1,800 antimicrobial
resistance panels
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
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Ampicillin Resistance: SDSU
ADRDL
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*(ave. no. of isolates/yr.)
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Ceftiofur Resistance: SDSU ADRDL
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
*(ave. no. of isolates/yr.)
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Enrofloxacin Resistance: SDSU
ADRDL
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
*(ave. no. of isolates/yr.)
*(ave. no. of isolates/yr.)
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Kansas State University VDL, 2005-
2018
Main bacterial cattle pneumonia pathogens
Mannheimia hemolytica
Pasteurella multocida
Histophilus somni
Resistance flat from 2005-2009
2009-2018: resistance increasing for common cattle
antibiotics
Enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin, tulathromycin
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
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Diagnostic Sample Considerations
Not considered systematic surveillance
May represent “the worst of the worst”
Treatment failures
Unusual clinical presentations
Multiple pathogens
Submission type depends on:
Climate/weather conditions
Experience of veterinarians
Economic conditions: + and -
© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org
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