Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant ...manuscript.advancejournals.org/uploads/3d9ef5e2c165c9e75cbb1a3c284af4f... · The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic,

BMR Phytomedicine

Research Article

Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Leaves of Trewia Nudiflora Linn in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Pallavi Tiwari*1, N Balakrishnan2, Mayank Srivastava1, Saurav Ghoshal 1,

1Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Jhalwa, Allahabad (U.P.)

2S.A. Raja Pharmacy College, Vadakkagulam.

Correspondence should be addressed to Pallavi Tiwari

Received 15 September 2014; Accepted 25 September 2014; Published 10 October 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Pallavi Tiwari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Keywords: Trewia nudiflora, Antihyperlipidemic, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant.

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus affected individuals more

prone with cardiovascular diseases risk rather than

individuals not affected with type 2 diabetes

mellitus.[1] Diabetes also causes risk of blood

pressure and LDL- cholesterol level. Globally

diabetes has spread more frequently due to modern

lifestyle and it also can be linked to an obesity and

sedentary population.[2] Diabetes, an endocrine

based disease have many complications as

hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, vascular

complications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetic

BioMed Research

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Year: 2014; Volume: 1; Issue: 2

Article ID: PM14 10; Pages: 1-11

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of

aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora in alloxan (ALX) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes

was confirmed after 5 days of single intraperitoneal injection of ALX (140 mg/kg) in albino Wister rats.

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora (100 and 200 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (10

mg/kg, p.o.) orally administered daily for 15 days, blood was withdrawn for glucose determination on 0, 1,

10 and 15 days respectively. On the 15th day, overnight fasted rats were sacrificed and blood was collected

for the determination of high density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol

(LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), total glycerides (TG) and

total proteins (TP). Aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora at doses of 100 and 200

mg/kg showed significant reduction is blood glucose, lipid when compared to diabetic control group. In

vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora was

also studied. We concluded that aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora possess

antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities.

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ISSN 2349-4611

nephropathy and neuropathy.[3] The accelerated

atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in

diabetes is likely to be multifactorial and therefore

several therapeutic approaches can be considered

[4] which also stimulating the search for new

concepts and targets for the treatment of this

incurable disease.

Alloxan (2, 4, 5, 6-pyrimidinetetrone) is an

oxygenated pyrimidine derivative and toxic glucose

analogue. It is present as alloxan hydrate in

aqueous solution.[5] The action of alloxan in the

pancreas is preceded by its rapid uptake by the

insulin-secreting β cells[6] and also due to

autoimmune destruction of the β cells of the

pancreas[7], when administered intravenously,

intraperitoneal or subcutaneously to rodents and

many other animal species.

Green plants are the source of many secondary

metabolites, which are commercially important and

find use in a number of pharmaceutical compound.

Trewia nudiflora Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) commonly

known as gutel is a small sized tree grows up to 5

meters in height. Leaves simple, Cordate,

acuminate, both surface pubescent and long

petiolate. Flowers arise from axilla or from terminal

spikes.[8] Fruits hard, greenish yellow pods, which

is staple food of Indian Rhinoceros. Trewia nudiflora

Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) distributed in Madhya

Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and

Maharashtra. It’s root contains resinous matter and

fat. Decoction of root is used as stomachic and

alterative in flatulence, gout, rheumatism and

malignancy especially leukemia and hepato- biliary

affections etc.[9] A decoction of shoots and leaves

of Trewia nudiflora is used as traditional medicine

to relieve swelling and to treat flatulence, excessive

bile and sputum. The leaves are applied on wounds

to heal them with good efficiency.[10] On the basis

of literature review and tribal information gathered

from Kerakat, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh that the plant

Trewia nudiflora (Gutel) have reported the use of

the leaves for the management of diabetes mellitus.

However, there is no scientific evidence to support

this claim. Hence, the objective of this study was to

ascertain the scientific basis for the use of Trewia

nudiflora Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) in the management

of diabetes using alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods

Collection of plant material and extraction

The leaves of Trewia nudiflora were collected from

the local area of Kerakat, Jaunpur District, Uttar

Pradesh, India in the month of November 2012 and

authenticated at Department of Botany, Safia

College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The voucher

specimen (436/Bot/Saifia/13) has been preserved

in our laboratory for further collection and

reference.

The leaves was dried under shade, powdered with a

mechanical grinder and passed through a 40-mesh

sieve. The successive solvent cold extraction

method used to obtain various extracts including

petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol

and aqueous extracts. The solvents were removed

from the extracts under reduced pressure by using

a rotary vacuum evaporator (Buchi model, Jyoti

Lab, Gwalior, India). The percentage yield of

extracts was noted. The greenish brown extract was

obtained and is dissolved in their respective

solvents for pharmacological studies.

Preliminary phytochemical screening

The aqueous and ethanol extract of Trewia

nudiflora Linn. was screened for the presence of

various phytoconstituents like steroids, alkaloids,

glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids,

proteins and phenolic compounds. [11,12]

Animals

Healthy, adult Albino Wistar rats (180-200gm) of

either sex were purchased from the National Center

for Laboratory Animal sciences, Hyderabad used for

study. Housed individually in polypropylene cages,

maintained under standard conditions (12 h light;

and 12 h dark cycle; 23±2о C, 50± 5%, relative

humidity), they were fed with standard rat pellet

diet (Hindustan Lever Ltd; Mumbai, India) and were

ad libitum. The Institutional Animal Ethics

Committee (TIT/IAEC/831/P’Col/2013/17)

approved the study.

Acute toxicity study

The acute oral toxicity study has to be carried out as

per the guidelines set by OECD, revised draft

guidelines 423, received from CPCSEA, ministry of

social justice and empowerment, Govt. of India. [13]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrimidine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate



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The animals are randomly selected, marked to

permit individual identification, and kept in their

cages for at least 5 days prior to dosing to allow for

acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. The

test substance is administered in a single dose by

gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable

intubation canula. In the unusual circumstance that

a single dose is not possible, the dose may be given

in smaller fractions over a period not exceeding 24

hours.

Three animals are used for each step. The dose level

to be used as the starting dose is selected from one

of four fixed levels, 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg body

weight. The starting dose level should be that which

is most likely to produce mortality in some of the

dosed animals.

Induction of diabetes

The animals were fasted for 12 h prior to the

induction of diabetes.[14] ALX freshly prepared in

0.5% Tween 80 was administered intraperitoneally

(i.p.) at single dose of 140 mg/kg. Development of

diabetes was confirmed by measuring blood

glucose concentration 5 days after the

administration of Alloxan. Rats with blood glucose

level of above 200 mg/dl were considered to be

diabetic and used for the studies.

Experimental design

The rats were randomized into seven groups

comprising of six animals in each groups as given

below. Solvent/ aqueous and ethanol extracts (100

and 200 mg/kg)/ glibenclamide (GLB) was

administered orally using an intra-gastric tube once

daily for 15 days.

Group I: normal control rats were given

0.5%Tween 80 for 15 days.

Group II: Diabetic controls have been given

0.5%Tween 80 for 15 days, 5 days after alloxan

(140mg/kg, i.p.) treatment.

Group III: Rats have been given Glibenclamide

(10mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 15 days, 5 days after

alloxan (140mg/kg, i.p.) treatment.

Group IV: Test rats have been given ethanol extract

of Trewia nudiflora (100mg/kg, p.o.) for 15 days, 5

days after alloxan (140mg/kg, i.p.) treatment.

Group V: Test rats have been given ethanol extract

of Trewia nudiflora (200mg/kg, p.o.) for 15 days, 5

days after alloxan (140mg/kg, i.p.) treatment.

Group VI: Test rats have been given aqueous

extract of Trewia nudiflora (100mg/kg, p.o.) for 15

days, 5 days after alloxan (140mg/kg, i.p.)

treatment.

Group VII: Test rats have been given aqueous

extract of Trewia nudiflora (200mg/kg, p.o.) for 15

days, 5 days after alloxan (140mg/kg, i.p.)

treatment.

Blood samples were collected from retro-orbital

plexus of each rat under mild anesthesia at 0, 1, 2

and 3 h after solvent/ethanol and aqueous extracts

of leaves of Trewia nudiflora (100 and 200 mg/kg)/

glibenclamide administration and serum glucose

was estimated by enzymatic glucose oxidase

method. Percent reduction in serum glucose was

calculated with respect to the initial level. Five days

before the termination of the experiment, the oral

glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to

assess the glucose tolerance. For this purpose,

overnight fasted rats were fed glucose (2 g/kg)

orally and blood was collected at 0, 30, 60 and 120

min interval from orbital sinus for glucose

estimation. On 15th day of the study, blood samples

were collected for biochemical estimations. Later

animals were sacrificed and liver was removed,

cleaned and washed in ice-cold normal saline for

biochemical study.

Biochemical analysis

Serum total cholesterol [15], total glycerides [16],

LDL-c, VLDL-c [17] and HDL-c [18] were estimated

using standard enzymatic kits (ERBA diagnostic

Mannheim GMBH, Germany) spectrometrically.

Total protein was estimated by using bovine serum

albumin as a standard. [19]

Determination of DPPH radical scavenging

activity

The free radical scavenging activity of ethanol and

aqueous extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora and

ascorbic acid were measured in terms of hydrogen

donating or radical scavenging ability using the

stable radical DPPH.[20] DPPH solution (0.1 mM) in

ethanol was prepared and 1 mL of this solution was

added to 3 mL of extract solution in water at

different concentrations (100-1000 μg mL-1). After

35 min, the absorbance was measured at 517 nm.

Lower absorbance of the reaction mixture indicated

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higher free radical scavenging activity. The

capability to scavenge the DPPH radical was

calculated using the following equation:

DPPH scavenged(%) = Aconst - Atest × 100 / Aconst

where, Acont is the absorbance of the control

reaction and Atest is the absorbance in the presence

of the sample of the extracts.

Statistical analysis: The amount of extracts needed

to inhibit free radicals concentration by 50% (IC50)

was graphically estimated using linear regression

lines.[20]

Histopathological studies:

The histopathology study of pancreas was also

performed which showed hypoglycemic effect.[21]

Statistical analysis

1. Antioxidant activity: The amount of

extracts needed to inhibit free radicals

concentration by 50% (IC50) was graphically

estimated using linear regression lines.

2. Oral glucose tolerance test: The data

was represented as mean ± SEM. Results was

analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s

multiple comparison tests using Graph pad in stat

3.0 software.

3. Anti-diabetic activity: The data was

represented as mean ± SEM. Results was analyzed

by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple

comparison tests using Graph pad in stat 3.0

software.Results were expressed as the mean ±

S.E.M. for statistical analysis of the data group

means, were compared by one-way analysis of

variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post-test for

multiple comparisons. p < 0.01 was considered to

be statistically significant.

Results

Preliminary study was performed on the aqueous

and ethanol extracts of the leaves of Trewia

nudiflora and the presence of various

phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, glycosides,

flavonoids, steroids, fixed oils, Phenolics and

tannins were determined.

In-vitro antioxidant activity

Table 1 results revealed that the investigated

aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of Trewia

nudiflora presented that the DPPH free radical

scavenging activity and IC50 value of ethanol and

aqueous extracts of leaves were found to be 581.80

and 714.29 μg/ml. The IC50 value of ascorbic acid

was found to be 537.63 μg/ml.

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Table 2 shows the effect of doses of ethanol and

aqueous extract of leaves of Trewia nudiflora on

diabetic rats. After 120 min of glucose

administration the fall observed with the ethanol

extract of dose of 100mg/kg and of 200mg/kg

simultaneously, the fall has also been observed in

aqueous extract of dose of 100mg/kg and of

200mg/kg that is compared with the standard drug

Glibenclamide in diabetic rats.

Antidiabetic effect of aqueous and ethanol

extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora

Table 3 shows the anti-hyperglycemic effect of

ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Trewia

nudiflora at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg. It has been

noted that the effect of treatment of the extracts

shows significant reduction on blood glucose levels

of diabetic rats, on first day it was found to be

130.83±0.6009 and on 15th day it was found to be

94.5 ± 0.2236, whereas the standard drug

glibenclamide shows the anti-hyperglycemic effect

as on 1st day and on 15th day was found to be 135 ±

0.7303 and 85.5 ± 0.5627 respectively.

Antihyperlipidemic effect of aqueous and

ethanol extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora

Table 4 shows the effect of extracts on serum lipid

profile, in diabetic rats, a decrease in the serum

triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL (low density

lipids) and VLDL (very low density lipids) levels,

and an increase in the HDL (high density lipids)

cholesterol levels were observed. Alloxan treatment

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resulted in elevation of TG, TC, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and

reduction of HDL-C levels as compared to the

normal control rats. Aqueous and ethanol extracts

of leaves of Trewia nudiflora (100 and 200 mg/kg)

and GLB (10 mg/kg) reduction in elevated serum

TG, TC, VLDL-c, LDL-c, TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c

and HDL-c level was restored respectively when

compared to diabetic control.

Histopathological Study


performed which showed hypoglycemic effect.

Table: 1 IC50 values of ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora along with the standard

ascorbic acid

Fig 1 The reducing power of ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora compared with that

of ascorbic acid

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

DP

PH

Ass

ayA

bso

rpti

on

Concentration


Ascorbic acid

Ethanol leaves

Aqueous leaves

S.No. Test sample IC50

1 Ascorbic acid 537.63

2 Ethanol leaves 581.36

3 Aqueous leaves 714.29



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Fig 2 The percentage inhibition of ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora compared

with that of ascorbic acid

Table 2 Effect of ethanol and aqueous extract of leaves of Trewia nudiflora on OGTT of diabetic rats

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM for (n=6) rats in each group, when compared

to control **p<0.01, *p<0.05 and ns

p>0.05.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

DP

PH

Ass

ayP

erc

en

tage

inh

ibit

ion

Concentration


Ascorbic acid

Ethanol leaves

aqueous leaves

Groups Treatment /

mg/kg

Blood glucose levels (mg/dl)

0 min 30 min 60 min 120 min

I Normal control 80.83 ±

0.4773**

81.5 ±

0.6191**

81.5 ±

0.4282**

81.67 ±

0.4216**

II Glibenclamide,

10 mg/kg

89.66 ±

0.4944**

144 ±

1.0650**

167.83 ±

1.990**

128.83 ±

1.7780**

III Control, 0.5%

Tween 80

126.5 ±

0.7638

154 ±

0.5774

179.83 ±

0.6009

137.67 ±

0.3333

IV Ethanol extract

100 mg/kg

113.5 ±

0.7638**

151.5 ±

0.7638**

176.17 ±

0.7923**

125 ±

1.483**

V Ethanol extract 200 mg/kg

103.67 ± 0.6667**

160.83 ± 0.4773

ns

189.67 ± 0.3333*

125.5 ± 0.7638**

VI Aqueous extract

100 mg/kg

111.17 ±

0.6009**

154 ±

0.9661**

186.67 ±

0.3333ns

136.17 ±

0.9458**

VII Aqueous extract 200 mg/kg

104 ± 0.3651**

145.83 ± 1.0780

ns

181 ± 0.5774**

127.33 ± 1.667

ns



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Table 3 Effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora on blood glucose level in alloxan induced

diabetic rats

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM for (n=6) rats in each group, when compared to control **p<0.01 and ns p>0.05.

Table 4 Effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora on lipid profiles and total proteins in diabetic

rats

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM for (n=6) rats in each group, when compared to control **p<0.01 and ns

p>0.05.

Grou

p

Treatment /

Dose

Blood glucose level (mg/dl)

0 day 1st day 10

th day 15

th day

I Normal control 82.33 ±

1.358**

80 ±

1.238**

80.17 ±

0.4773**

79.5 ±

1.118**

II Glibenclamide

10 mg/kg

134 ±

0.7303**

135 ±

0.7303**

89.33 ±

0.4944**

85.5 ±

0.5627**

III Control 0.5%

Tween 80

124 ±

0.3651

125.17 ±

0.3073

125.67 ±

0.8028

125.17 ±

0.4014

IV Ethanol extract

100 mg/kg

125.33 ±

0.8819ns

126 ±

1.414**

113.5 ±

0.7638 **

95.5 ±

0.2236**

V Ethanol extract

200 mg/kg

130.83 ±

0.6009**

134 ±

0.3651**

103.83 ±

0.6009**

92.5 ±

0.2236**

VI Aqueous extract

100 mg/kg

133.83 ±

0.7923**

130.83 ±

0.9458**

111.33 ±

0.6667**

97 ±

0.3651**

VII Aqueous extract

200 mg/kg

140.5 ±

0.5627**

137.17 ±

0.4014**

113.67 ±

0.4944**

94.5 ±

0.2236**

Groups

Biochemical parameters (mg/dl)

TC HDL-C LDL-C VLDL-C TG Total

protein

Albumin

Normal control 118.5 ±

0.2236**

44.5 ±

0.2236**

48.5 ±

0.2236*

24.5 ±

0.2236**

121.5 ±

0.2236**

6.245 ±

0.0022**

3.335 ±

0.0022**

Glibenclamide 10

mg/kg

122.5 ±

0.2236**

46.5 ±

0.2236**

46.5 ±

0.2236**

20.5 ±

0.2236**

145.5 ±

0.2236**

6.45 ±

0.0224**

3.35 ±

0.0224**

Diabetic Control 140.5 ±

0.2236

41.5 ±

0.2236

66.5 ±

0.2236

32.5 ±

0.2236

157.5 ±

0.2236

5.65 ±

0.0224

5.25 ±

0.0224

Ethanol extract

100 mg/kg

120.5 ± 0.2236**

43.5 ± 0.2236**

45.5 ± 0.2236**

28.5 ± 0.2236**

144.5 ± 0.2236**

6.205 ± 0.0022**

3.345 ± 0.0024**

Ethanol extract

200 mg/kg

115.5 ±

0.2236**

45 ±

0.4472**

48.5 ±

0.2236**

30.35 ±

0.02236**

148.5 ±

0.2236**

6.75 ±

0.0224**

3.315 ±

0.0024**

Aqueous extract

100 mg/kg

125.5 ± 0.2236**

41.5 ± 0.2236ns

44.5 ± 0.2236**

24.25 ± 0.02236**

120.5 ± 0.2236**

6.65 ± 0.0224**

3.65 ± 0.0224**

Aqueous extract

200 mg/kg

117.5 ±

0.2236**

43.5 ±

0.2236**

50.5 ±

0.2236**

22.5 ±

0.2236**

115.5 ±

0.2236**

6.45 ±

0.0224**

2.75 ±

0.0224**



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Histopathological studies

Fig 3 Shows normal acini, and Fig 4 Shows the lobule with

normal Cellular population in the regenerated islets in Glibenclamide

islet of Langerhans in pancreas of (10mg/kg/day, p.o.) treated rats

vehicle treated rats (normal control

rats)

Fig 5 Shows extensive damage to Fig 6 Restoration of normal cellular

the islet of Langerhans and reduced population size of islet with hyper-

dimensions of islet in diabetic control plasia by Trewia nudiflora ethanol

rats (toxic control rats) extract 200 mg/kg

Fig 7 Partial restoration of normal Fig 8 Restoration of normal cellular

cellular population and enlarged population size of islets with

size of β cells with hyperplasia by hyperplasia by Trewia nudiflora

Trewia nudiflora ethanol extract aqueous extract 200 mg/kg

100 mg/kg.



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Fig 9 Partial restoration of normal

cellular population an enlarged size

of β cells with hyperplasia by

Trewia nudiflora aqueous extract

100 mg/kg.

Discussion

Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence

of several phytochemicals including alkaloids,

glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic

compounds and tannins. The percentage yield of

aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of Trewia

nudiflora were found to be more than the other

extracts. Polyphenol are the major plant

compounds with high level of antioxidant activity

due to their ability to absorb, neutralize and to

quench free radicals as well as their redox

properties presence of conjugated ring structures

and carboxylic group which have been reported to

inhibit lipid peroxidation. Results obtained in the

present study revealed that the levels of these

phenolic compounds in the aqueous and ethanol

extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora were

considerable.

DPPH is frequently used to determine radical

scavenging activity of natural compounds and its

radical form absorbs at 517 nm due to the

antioxidant activity, the absorption decreases may

be the formation of its non radical form such as

DPPH–H. Hence, the radical scavenging activity in

the presence of a hydrogen donating antioxidant

can be monitored as a decrease in absorbance of

DPPH solution. The DPPH free radical scavenging

activity of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of

leaves of Trewia nudiflora and ascorbic acid showed

at different concentrations. The investigated

extracts demonstrated that the DPPH free radical

scavenging activity and IC50 value of ethanol and

aqueous extracts of leaves were found to be 581.80

and 714.29 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 value of

ascorbic acid was found to be 537.63 μg/ml.

The diabetogenic agent Alloxan is a hydrophilic and

chemically unstable pyrimidine derivative which is

toxic to pancreatic β-cells because it can generate

toxic free oxygen radicals during redox cycling in

the presence of reducing agents such as glutathione

and cysteine. The increase in oxygen free radicals in

diabetes could be due to increase in blood glucose

levels, which generates free radicals due to auto

oxidation. In the present work, involvement of free

radicals in progression of disease and protective

effects of Trewia nudiflora has been examined.

Administration of ethanol and aqueous extracts of

Trewia nudiflora for 15 days showed significant

antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant

activities in Alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Hyperlipidemia is one of the major cardiovascular

risk factors. It has been demonstrated that insulin



ISSN 2349-4611

deficiency in diabetes mellitus leads to a variety of

derangements in metabolic and regulatory

processes, which in turns leads to accumulation of

lipids such as Total Glycerides and total cholesterol

in diabetic patient, diabetes mellitus alters the

normal metabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides

showed an increase in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Under normal conditions, the enzyme lipoprotein

lipase hydrolyses triglycerides. Diabetes mellitus

results in failure to activate this enzyme thereby

causing hypertriglyceridemia. Our data showed in

line with notion as the Alloxan (140mg/kg, i.p.)

treated diabetic rats exhibited clear cut

abnormalities in lipid metabolism as evidenced

from the significant elevation of serum TG, TC, LDL-

C, VLDL-C and reduction of HDL-C levels. Treatment

with ethanol and aqueous extracts of Trewia

nudiflora for 15 days was sufficient to produce a

significant reduction in the TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C

and significant increase in HDL-C levels in diabetic

rats. These results indicate that ethanol and

aqueous extracts of Trewia nudiflora has a lipid

lowering effect on the diabetic rats.

The findings of the present study shows a number

of positive effects of Trewia nudiflora on rats with

Alloxan induced disturbances in glucose tolerance

and lipoprotein profile. Thus, ethanol and aqueous

extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora is beneficial in

the control of diabetes and abnormalities in lipid

profiles. These beneficial effects of Trewia nudiflora

are specially promising in the light of preventing

lifestyle disease of the cardiovascular systems.


performed which showed hypoglycemic effect. The

study reveals that in glucose-fed rats, the maximum

hypoglycemic effect was produced within one hour

during glucose tolerance test, this indicates that it

takes about one hour for the active ingredient(s) or

its (their) metabolites in the ethanol and aqueous

extracts of leaves of Trewia nudiflora to enter into

the circulation and target tissues to bring about

hypoglycemic effect.

Acknowledgement

I am very much thankful to my guide Dr. N.

Balakrishnan and Technocrat Institute of

Technology [Pharmacy], Bhopal (M.P.) for

providing best lab facilities necessary for

completion of research project.

References

1.Expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of

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