Top Banner

of 71

Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

Feb 17, 2018

Download

Documents

Fakhrur Rozi
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    1/71

    Farmakologi

    OBAT ANTIDIABETIK

    Fathiyah Safithri

    Laboratorium Farmakologi FK-UMM

    2009

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om

    (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.n/http://www.n/http://www.n/http://www.n/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    2/71

    Diabetes Mellitus:a group of 'iseases harateri)e' by high le"els of bloo' gluose

    resulti!g from 'efets i! i!suli! pro'utio!* i!suli! atio!* or

    both

    + ,er'iri 'ari tipe$

    .( ,ype . 'iabetes

    2( ,ype 2 'iabetes

    ( /estatio!al 'iabetes

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    3/71

    Diabetes Mellitus

    Type 2 Diabetes Produksi insulin & pe

    kerja insulin (resistansi

    insulin = kadar seruminsulin N / , tp tdk bisabekerja maksimal

    terdeteksi stl 40th serin dihubunkan d

    obesitas! lama" aal sel beta,

    sekresi insulin ##

    $% : 'D

    Type 1 Diabetes sel beta rusak

    (autoimmun disease,

    sekresi insulin () terdeteksi sblm *0th$% : insulin (insulin

    dependen +% utama : Diabeti

    ketoaidosis (karenao-erproduksi ketoaids(

    + Gestational Diabetes

    -1 of preg!a!t wome! i! the

    U 'e"elop gestatio!al 'iabetes

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    4/71

    3ormal #mg%'L( /oal #mg%'L(

    'merian Diabetes 'sso! .riteria

    D'1$12 .'31 "000 (adapted

    Action

    Suggested

    Prepra!'ial

    gluose(average)

    4 .00#whole bloo'(

    50 6.20 4 50 or 7.80

    e'time

    gluose(average)

    4 ..0#whole bloo'(

    .00 - .80 4.00 or 7.:0

    ;b 75

    =Depe!'i!g o!

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    5/71

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om

    (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    6/71

    +omplikasi DM

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om

    (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    7/71

    REGULASI GULA DARAH

    Dilakukan a!l oleh : hati, pankreas, sel otot, lemak,adenohiposis, adrenal, tiroid

    HATI) Makanan absorbsi lukosa di usus -!porta hati

    sintesa likoen

    ) absorbsi selesai

    kdr lukosa dlm sirkulasi ?

    hati glikogenolisis

    - ad!likoen di hati ? glukoneogenesis

    PANKREAS) glukagon glikogenolisis

    ) insulin

    SEL TT) insulin uptake lukosa ke sel otot

    ) kerja sik kontraksi otot lukosa lbh b5k msk ke dlm sel(tanpa bantuan insulin

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    8/71

    REGULASI GULA DARAH !lanj"

    ADRENAL lukokortikoid (kortisol

    ) hepar : sintesa likoen, lukoneoenesis

    ) pankreas : lukaon @ gluko!eoge!esis

    67"+ ADENOI!O"ISE growth hormo! #/;(

    hormo! yg mempu!yai efek berlawa!a! 'g i!suli!

    me@ gula 'arah

    LE#AK

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    9/71

    Sli$e %

    &'2 6ND62 7P, 88/"4/"009

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    10/71Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    11/71Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    12/71

    PERAN INSULIN DL#

    #E

    KADAR GULA DARAH+

    ++

    +

    Afek akhir $ hipoglikemi 'a! me pe!yimpa!a! a'a!ga!e!ergi

    Mempe!garuhi metabolisme K;* protei!* 'a! lemak

    ,arget Bari!ga! utama $ hepar* sel otot* sel lemak

    e#ar

    - Me ?gluo!eoge!esis* glyoge!olysis* ketoge!esis

    - Me @ si!tesa glyoge!

    Sel Otot

    - me @ uptake glukosa /LU,-8 * oksi'asi glukosa si!tesaglikoge!*

    - Me uptake asam ami!o si!tesa protei!- me ? glikoge!olisis release asam ami!o

    Sel le$ak- me @ uptake gluose si!tesa triglyeri'e

    - me ? pelepasa! FF< 'a! glyerol

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    13/71

    PERAN INSULIN DL#

    +

    #E

    KADAR GULA DARAH

    %erangsang serabut otot

    skeletal+

    +

    %erangsang sel &e#ar&

    Beker'a di sel le$ak+ %eng&a$bat #roduksi eni$

    tertentu&

    glucoseu#take

    #rotein

    snt&esisa$ino acids

    u#take

    en$e

    #roduction

    glcogen

    breaking

    glcogen

    snt&esis

    *at

    snt&esis

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novap/http://www.novap/http://www.novap/http://www.novap/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    14/71

    Penga(u) Insulin pa$a

    #etabolis*e

    '! $ranspor sen5aa melalui Membran 2el tertentu(lukosa, as amino, +;, nukleosida,

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    15/71

    Sekresi Insulin

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    16/71

    2ekresi insulin oleh sel beta : tt kadar '$P ,ion .a

    Pd kead istirahat kdr '$P intrasel betapankreas ### +; berdi

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    17/71

    Glucose $etabolis$

    (glucokinase)

    G+,T-.

    AT!

    K/

    0a// 0a./

    AT!

    release

    E

    0a./2K/

    ASK0

    3D00

    I!4

    A0&

    %.

    2

    so$atostatin

    . NEinsulin

    granule

    cA%!E

    / -

    / -

    -

    /-

    /

    / -

    F

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    18/71

    2timulator 2ekresi nsulin

    ?lukosa 'kti-itas sara< otonom : parasimpatis, simpatis @" bat : alpha)" blokers, beta)" aonist, theoph5lline,

    sul

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    19/71

    + ,&u glukosa per oral

    + k k'r glukosa 'rh @ gluk msk i!trasel mel

    /LU,-2* km' me!galami metab

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    20/71

    Tu+uan Te(api D#

    + %engontrol &i#erglike$i dan ketoasidosis

    serta $eng&indari &i#oglike$i

    B hiperlikemi dapat men5ebabkan berbaaikomplikasi

    B Cipolikemi dapat men5ebabkan koma dan

    kerusakan sel otak!

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.nova/http://www.nova/http://www.nova/http://www.nova/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    21/71

    Pen$ekatan Te(api D#

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    22/71

    PRINSIP PENATALAKSANAAN D#

    Pengatu(an $ietB Minum air ban5ak, susu skim dan minuman berkalori

    rendah lainn5a pada aktu makanB Cindari makanan manis, orenan, biskuit, akeB Makanlah denan aktu 5an teratur

    B$inkatkan asupan sa5uran dua kali tiap makanB>adikan nasi, roti, kentan, atau sereal sebaai menu utamaB Minum air atau minuman bebas ula setiap anda haus

    Lati)an +as*ani+eiatan jasmani sehari B hari dan latihan jasmani teratur, * B4 %/m, selama *0 menit : jalan, bersepeda santai, join,berenan! Eatihan jasmani me dan memperbaikisensititas thd insulin, serta me uptake lukosa oleh otot(tanpa perlu bantuan insulin

    ,a(*akote(api

    Create PDF files without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    23/71

    ,AR#AKTERAPI

    DIA-ETES #ELLITUS

    nsulin

    ) Pasien Diabetes $ipe 8, tidak ada

    produksi insulin!) Pasien diabetes $5pe ", produksi insulin

    tdk menukupi!

    bat 'ntidiabetik ral

    ) ?ol! 2ul

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    24/71

    TERAPI INSULIN

    $ujuan : utk menontrol ula darahsepanjan hari dan menormalkanmetabolisme

    Pemberian biasan5a dilakukan sendirioleh pasien

    3eimen diberikan

    ) sekitar kt makan, e%erise, tidur

    Faktor 5 mempenaruhi kebutuhaninsulin : e%erise, diet, stress/in

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    25/71

    MAK

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    26/71

    Sli$e 2.

    K1 +edokteran, 88/"4/"009

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    27/71

    In$ikasi Te(api Insulin

    2emua penderita DM tipe

    Penderita DM tipe , bila terapi jenis lain tidak

    dapat menendalikan kadar lukosa darah!

    +ebutuhan insulin me pd penderita DM d :in

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    28/71

    bat 5 men5ebabkan hiperlikemi :

    a! 1

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    29/71

    ,a(*akokinetik Insulin

    Pemberian per)oral tidak eHekti< 'iberikan seara parenteral :

    ) s atau im) i- pd keadaan emmeren5 atau

    selama operasi

    $I plasma #J menit

    nakti-asi oleh hepar dan injal

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf./http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf./
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    30/71

    P(e$ileksi te*pat penyuntikan insulin

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    31/71

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    32/71

    Se$iaan P(epa(at Insulin

    dsr sumbern5a :

    B hean (bee< or porkKLsinle)peak -!Lsinle)omponent

    B Manusia (1! oli reombinant -! semi)s5ntheti modied porine

    dsr ms kerja : sinkat, menenah,panjan, ampuran

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    33/71

    Klasi/kasi Insulin8! Insulin ke(+a singkat 0an termasuk di sini adalah insulin reular ( .r5stal Oin nsulin /.O ! 2aat ini dikenal " maam insulin .O, 5aitu dalam bentuk asamdan netral! Preparat 5an ada antara lain : 'trapid, elosulin ,2emilente! nsulin jenis ini diberi *0 menit sebelum makan,menapai punak setelah 8B * jam! Maam dan eenis ini aal kerjan5a adalah 8!R B "!Rjam! Punakn5a terapai dalam 4 B 8R jam dan e

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    34/71

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    35/71

    N21$ & DS3'2 N2SEN

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    36/71

    Eek Sa*ping $an Toksisitas Insulin

    $erutama berhubunan d o-erdosis

    B hipolikemia! brp

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    37/71

    TANDA HIPGLIKE#I

    $erantun epat / tidakn5a penurunankadar lukosa dlm plasma

    .epat :

    kerinat dinin, takikardi, tremor, mual,lapar

    Eambat :

    sakit kepala, blurred -ision, binun,inkoheren speeh, kejan, koma

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    38/71

    (al Anti$iabeti3s

    'da R kelompok :

    '! 2ul

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    39/71

    #ekanis*e ke(+a

    (al Anti$iabeti3s !AD"

    Me absorbsi lukosa : aarbose, biuanid

    Me sekresi insulin (seretaoues :sul

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    40/71

    Gel&Pote!y

    Sulonylu(ea 8st eneration

    B tolbuta*i$e ( 3astinon, rinase

    B tola4a*i$e ($olinase

    B 3)lo(p(opa*i$e (Diabinese

    "nd enerationB Gli3la4i$

    B Glipi4i$e (Minidiab, ?luotrol

    B Glybu(i$e 5 Gliben3la*i$ (Daonil, ?lulo, Prodiabet

    B Gliklasi$ (Diamiron, ?lidiabet, Oumadia *rd eneration

    B Gli*epi(i$e ('mar5l

    =;y'roylatio! of the aromati ri!g appears to be the most fa"ore' metaboli pathway

    =;y'roylate' 'eri"ati"es ha"e muh lower hypoglyemi ati"ity

    Create PDFfiles without this message by purhasi!g !o"aPDF pri!ter #http$%%www&!o"ap'f&om (

    http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/
  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    41/71

    . I!testi!e$ gluose absorptio! 2 Musle a!' a'ipose tissue$

    4 !ancreas5 insulin secretion

    Sul*onlureas 5

    insulin secretion

    gluose uptake

    I!suli! resista!e

    loo' gluose

    8 Li"er$ hepatigluose output

    I!suli!

    resista!e

    2ul

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    42/71

    SUL,NILUREA

    #ekanis*e Ke(+a :B Menstimuli release insulin endoen dari sel beta

    2ul

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    43/71

    nset dan durasi ber-ariasi

    ) hlorpropamide durasi sanat panjan

    (tI *9j, ok metab di hepar lambat!) "nd enerations lebih potent

    B lipiide short hal

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    44/71

    !&ar$acological co$#arison o* sul*onlureas

    ,olbu-

    tami'e

    /libe!-

    /lila)i'e /lipi)i'e lami'e/lime-

    piri'e

    Gepa-

    gli!i'e

    Gelati"e pote!y 1 46 76 - 166 176 - 866 866-1666/ 866

    mg%tablet

    Plasma peak #h(

    766

    4

    96

    8

    7-16

    1

    1:.7-7

    4

    1- 8

    .:8

    6:7-.

    ;1< - 16 .8 1< - .8 .8 .8Duratio! of atio! #h( ; 1?9?

    + % A$arl %onogra#&

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    45/71

    1 - .

    1

    1 - .(.)

    .(1)

    4 - 8(4)

    7(1)

    Sul*onlureas 5 oglce$ic risk

    elative iske#aglinide

    Tolbuta$ide

    Gliclaide

    Gli#iide

    Gli$e#iride

  • 7/23/2019 Antidiabetes 2010 [Compatibility Mode]

    46/71

    Penggunaan Sulonilu(ea

    ndikasi : Can5a utk DM $5pe)"

    Bplg baik utk pasien Usia ; .7 t)< *en$e(ita D# = 17t)