Anti-Depressant and its Classification By Natasha Puri M.Sc Forensic Science (3 rd Sem.)
May 28, 2015
Anti-Depressant and its Classification
By
Natasha Puri
M.Sc Forensic Science (3rd Sem.)
9340
What is Depression ??? Serious disorder of mood, ranges from mild to
very serious condition Most serious mental problem which people facing
today Most common Psychological Disorder Some people referred depression as “Common
Cold” of mental illness Can affect people of all ages,religion and race Twice common in female as compared to male Risk of suicide is high
Type of Depression
Depression are of Following types :
a. Uni-polar - Mind of subject swing in some direction
b. Bi-polar - Depression associated with mania some times called as manic depression
c. Endogenous – Depression due to shock or stressful life events
Causes
Following are the main causes :
Family History Positive and negative events Certain medication Use of alcohol Imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain
Symptoms
Vary from subject to subject but having to key signs are: a. loss of interest in things
like to do
b. sadness or irritability Divided into following
Biological Emotional
Physical
Biochemical TheoryIn 1950, Reserpine induce Depression
and study shows that it depletes the storage of NE and 5-HT
Then Biochemical or monoamine theory was Proposed in 1965 by
Schildkrant Theory state that there is decreased or
functional deficiency in monoamine i.e NE , 5-HT, DA
transmission in the CNS
Treatment
Psychotherapy Electroconvulsive Therapy Natural alternatives Medication
The drug which is used for the relieve or prevention of depression and its symptoms known as Anti-depressant Drugs
Anti Depressant DrugsDrugs which are used to relieve or prevent
depression known as Anti depressant Anti depressant was first developed in
1950’s Work by stabilize and normalize the level of
neurotransmitter in brain.Neurotransmitter like NE,5-HT,DA play an important role in regulating the mood
Practically all antidepressants affect monoaminergic transmission in the brain
Classification Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
i. NA+5-HT reuptake inhibitor- Imipramine
- Trimipramine
- Amitriptyline
- Doxepin
ii. Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors
- Desipramine
- Nortriptyline
- Reboxetine
Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Citalopram
- Escitalopram
- Fluoxetine
- Paroxetine
- Sertraline5-HT / NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Duloxetine
- Venlafaxine
Atypical Antidepressants
- Buproprion
- Mirtazapine
- Nefazodone
- Trazodone Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
- Phenelzine
- Selegiline
- Tranylcypromine
Mechanism of TCAs Drugs
Mechanism of SSRIs Drugs
Mechanism of monoamine oxidase Inhibitors
Side EffectClassification Side effects Pharmacokinetics
TCAs Blurred Vision , xerostomia , constipation, Increased appetite, Nausea, cardiac arrhythmia
Well absorbed OrallyPass BBBMetabolised in liver
SSRIs Nausea, anxiety, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, gastric upset
Well absorbed OrallyFood effect absorptionMetabolised in Liver
SNRIs Nausea, anxiety,insomnia,sexual dysfunction, gastric upset
Well absorbed OrallyMetabolised in Liver
Atypical Antidepressant Dry mouth , nervousness, seizures at high dose
Well absorbed orally
MAOIs Nausea, Headache, Stiff neck, dry mouth, Drug interaction
Well absorbed orally
References Tripathi K.D “Essential of Medical Pharmacology” 6th Edition , Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers(P)ltd. Goodman and Gilman’s “Manual of Pharmacology and Therapeutics”
10th Edition, McGraw Hill Companies Finkel Richard et.al., “Pharmacolgy”,4th Edition, Lippincott Williams
and Wilkin Hollinger A. Mannfred, “ Introduction to Pharmacology” ,2nd Edition ,
Taylor & Francis Group Dipiro T. Joseph, et.al “ Pharmacotherapy” ,7th Edition , McGraw Hill
Companies Stahl SM. Essential Psychopharmacology,2nd Edition, Cambridge
University Press, New York Foye O.William, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry,3rd Edition,
Varghese Publishing House http://www.springerlink.com/content/b9b8668ff59f89d7/fulltext.pdf http://www.slideshare.net http://www.authorstream.com