ANTHONY GIDDENS ● MITCHELL DUNEIER ● RICHARD P.APPELBAUM ● DEBORAH CARR Fourth Edition Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World.

ANTHONY GIDDENS ● MITCHELL DUNEIER ● RICHARD P.APPELBAUM ● DEBORAH CARRFourth Edition

Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World

© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.2

© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

The big issues

• Defining globalization

• Connecting globalization to modernity and major social change

• Examining social movements: what they are and how they are global

• Exploring which social forces lead to increased globalization

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Globalization and social change

• Globalization is the process through which the world is increasingly connected and interdependent.– At level of individuals, groups, organizations,

states, and so on– This process is largely associated with economic

and political change.

• In the modern period, globalization has accelerated rapidly.

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Linking globalization and social change

• Responding to environmental factors

• Emergence of the political state

• New communication technologies

• Religious pluralism and the need for tolerance

• Expansion of industrial capitalism

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What follows modern society?

• Postindustrial society: Knowledge and service become the primary products.

• Postmodernity: A rupture with core understandings of history and belief—no central narratives, only diversity

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The “Geek Squad,” a company founded by Robert Stephensin Minneapolis, Minnesota, and later purchased by the BestBuy retail chain, provides consumer computer support andtechnical repairs.


Social movements and social change

• Collective action is a factor in social change.

• Many movements today—including the anti-globalization movement—are global in scope.

• We now have new social movements, which are less goal-oriented and more identity-oriented.

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Approaches to social movements

• Economic deprivation

• Resource mobilization

• Structural strain

• Fields of action

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Modern technology and social movements

• Use of the Internet for organization and fundraising• Speeds up the process with instant information and

response• Allows for fast coordination of events like rallies,

protests, and so on• Could indicate a shift in power

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What makes globalization?

• Economic factors

– Transnational corporations

– Integrated financial markets

• Global flow of information and communication

– Over 2 billion Internet users worldwide in spring 2011

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What makes globalization?

• Political changes

– Fall of communist regimes

– Rise of IGOs and INGOs

– Rising importance of international coalitions (the European Union, United Nations, etc.)

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Globalization in everyday life

1. IKEA furniture ______________

2. Wii games ______________

3. H&M fashions ______________

4. L’Oréal shampoos or beauty products ______________

5. Samsung cell phone or PDA ______________

6. Molson beer ______________

7. Birkenstock sandals ______________

8. Diesel jeans ______________

9. Apple iPhone ______________

10. American Express credit card ______________

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1. IKEA: founded in Sweden, now owned by a Dutch foundation

2. Wii: MNC in Kyoto, Japan

3. H&M: Swedish company

4. L’Oréal: Paris suburb

5. Samsung cell or PDA: Seoul, South Korea

6. Molson beer: Montreal, Canada

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7. Birkenstock sandals: Germany

8. Diesel jeans: Molvena, Italy

9. Apple iPhone: established in California, parts from China

10. American Express: New York City

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The globalization debate

• There are three main positions:

– Skeptics

– Hyperglobalizers

– Transformationalists

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Table 16.2 Conceptualizing Globalization: Three Tendencies


How we feel about globalization

• Increasing need to construct our identities

• Significant shifts in work and family life

• Ubiquity of Western—especially American—popular culture

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Risk in a global world

• Manufactured risk versus external risk

• Potentially devastating consequences– Urbanization and industrialization– Pollution– Global warming– Nuclear power– Bioengineered food

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Global inequality

• Wealth increasingly concentrated in the developed world

– Poorest 40 percent of global population = 5 percent of global income

– Richest 10 percent = 54 percent of global income

• Global markets have exacerbated this problem: the gap between rich and poor is growing.

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Between Richer and Poor Countries, 1800 to 2008

SOURCE: Gapminder.com 2009 World Bank 2011C.Note: GDP for South Africa from 1911;

1900 data not available

The Widening Gap


The Widening Gap

Between Richer and Poorer Countries, 1800 to 2010

SOURCE: Gapminder.com 2009. World Bank 2011C.

* 2010 U.S. $

GDP PER CAPITA *

USA $1,343 $47,184

1800 2010

Note: GDP for South Africa from 1911; 1900 data not available

Japan $896 $43,137

Germany $1,643 $40,509

Republic of Korea $740 $20,767

Brazil $509 $10,710

South Africa $759 $7,275

China $992 $4,393

Egypt $748 $2,699

Pakistan $665 $1,007

Dem. Rep. of Congo $394 $199MEDIAN GDP PER CAPITA

$40K

$20K

$0K

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

2010

1980

1950

1900

1800

Low income countries

Medium income countries

High income countries


Does free trade help?

• Many INGOs believe free trade will reduce global inequality.

• Critics argue that a global justice movement that pushes for trade organized around protecting rights and resources is needed.

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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World


Clicker Questions

1. Social change is the transformation over time of

a. revolution.

b. the institutions and culture of society.

c. social movements.

d. collective behavior.

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Clicker Questions

2. Which of the following is considered a cultural factor in social change?

a. political organization

b. religion

c. environmental conditions

d. industrial capitalism

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Clicker Questions

3. What factor helps to explain the rise of new social movements over the past few decades?

a. Traditional political institutions are increasingly ignoring a whole set of new threats, ranging from environmental crises to genetically modified organisms, because they are unable to cope with the challenges of trying to find solutions to them.

b. People today feel less isolated than in the past and are more willing to join movements.

c. Because these new movements are so focused on the economics and politics of globalization, people from around the world are drawn to them.

d. People today feel more entitled and bold when it comes to challenging the government.

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Clicker Questions

4. When it comes to debates on globalization, Joaquin believes that present levels of economic interdependence are not unprecedented and that the growth of regionalization is evidence that the world economy has become less rather than more integrated. To which school of thought does Joaquin belong?

a. skeptics

b. transformationalists

c. hyperglobalizers

d. individualists

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Clicker Questions

5. Globalization has many consequences. Next to mounting ___________ problems, the expansion of inequalities within and between societies is one of the most serious challenges facing the world at the start of the twenty-first century.

a. ecological

b. communication

c. political

d. individual

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ANTHONY GIDDENS ● MITCHELL DUNEIER ● RICHARD P.APPELBAUM ● DEBORAH CARR Fourth Edition Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World.

Documents

social change globalization

changing world slide

increased globalization

conceptualizing globalization

globalization debate

widening gap slide

new social movements

social forces