Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X AD5X Antenna Construction Hints & Kinks Mobile/Portable Antenna Construction Antenna Accessories/Tools/Hints Phil Salas – AD5X [email protected]
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X
Antenna Construction Hints & KinksMobile/Portable Antenna ConstructionAntenna Accessories/Tools/Hints
Phil Salas – [email protected]
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Antenna Construction
"To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk."
- Thomas A. Edison
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Build Efficient Short Antennas
Use 3/8” diameter brass rods from your local hardware Store.Or 3/8” or ½” diameter aluminum tubing from Texas Towers or your local hardware store.Make brass coupling interconnects for the rods and coils.
Use 1/8 NPT brass nipples and couplings.Thread 3/8” tubes with 1/8-NPT DieTap ½” tubes with 1/8-NPT TapReam out couplings (use 3/8” drill bit) to fit over 3/8” diameter brass rods and wood/fiberglass insulators.
Reaming is Non-preferred method
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Joining Shorter Tubes
½”OD tube
3/8”OD tube
#6 SS screws
3/32”D hole
5/32”D hole
Individual Pieces Final Result
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Nipples, Couplings, 3/8x24 Studs
Tightly Screwed Together
New Female/Male Pieces
3/8x24-to-1/8NPT Adapter
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Reaming 1/8NPT Nipples/Coupling
Use 3/8” Drill BitBE CAREFULL!!
Threading/tapping tubesIs preferred.
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X 3/8” Diameter Mast Details
Mast Sections1/8 NPT BrassCoupling
2’ fiberglass rod0.7” nipple
1/8 NPT BrassCoupling
3/8” OD brass or AL rod
Soldered with Solder-It torch and aluminum solder paste.
Soldered with Solder-It torch and silver solder paste.
AL Tube
Brass Tube
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Butane Torches
SolderPro 50/70/100/120•Solder-It Company•ACE Hardware•Radio Shack•Fry’s Electronics
Silver Solder Paste•Solder-It Company•Radio Shack
Aluminum Solder Paste•Solder-It Company
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Non-Soldering Methods
ThreadedSelf-tapping#6 screw
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Tapping ½”Diameter Tube
Harbor Freight 39391-0VGA Tap & Die Kit @ $12.99
Sizes: 4-40, 6-32, 8-32, 10-32, 10-24, 12-24, 1/4-20, 1/4-28, 5/16-18, 5/16-24, 3/8-16, 3/8-24, 7/16-14, 7/16-20, 1/2-13, 1/2-20, 1/8'' NPT pipe tap.
1/8 NPT Tap
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X ½”Diameter Mast Details
Female-end Components Male-end Components
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X ½”D Mast Details (Cont.)
1/8 NPT Brass Coupling
1/8NPT CLOSE Nipple
18”L x 1/2” OD AL tube
1/8NPT Hex Nipple
Female-end Assembled Male-end Assembled
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Loading Coils
Use 3/8” diameter wood dowel or fiberglass rod for the coil support.Thread the 3/8” rod with 1/8-NPT Die¼”D fiberglass Bicycle Flags are also good to use.
Use ¼” compression-to-1/8 NPT Male/Female brass adaptersMFJ-404-008 (~60 uHy)
2.5”D x 5”L$15 ea.
Note: Reinforce ends of coils with Home Depot 2-part quick setting clear epoxy.
Be careful when working with fiberglass!Use gloves and eye protection
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X 3/8”Dia. Rod Coil Support
1/8NPT CLOSE nipple
1/8 NPT BrassCouplings
3-1/2”L 3/8”D wood dowel
3”L x 1/8”D brass rods
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Coil Details
Coil: MFJ-404-008 @ $14.952.5”D x 5”L
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X ¼” Fiberglass Rod Coil Support
¼ compression-to-1/8NPT M OR ¼ compression-to-1/8NPT F with 1/8NPT CLOSE nipple
1/4”D fiberglass rod. Length as necessary.
3”L x 1/8”D brass rod, 2 places
¼ compression-to-1/8NPT F
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X ¼” Fiberglass Coil Support
¼ Compression-to-1/8NPT Male
¼ Compression-to-1/8NPT Female
¼”Fiberglass Bicycle Flag
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X ¼” Fiberglass Support Coil
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Find the Tap Point
Radio Shack RS270-373Micro Clip
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Final Tap Point
MFJ-605-4001 Silver-plated coil clip
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Build your Own Coil
Items needed:Desired PVC pipe form (OD and length)Nylon Edge Trim (8-TPI)
McMaster-Carr 85085K8, $10.29 for 25x12-3/4” strips
14 Gauge bare copper wireMcMaster-Carr 8873K51, $10.20 for 80-feet
Tie WrapsTo hold ends of Nylon Edge Trim to PVC pipe
Hot Glue
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Build Your Own Coil
Necessary Components Coil on form & coil support
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Build Your Own Coil
Coil without PVC form
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Build Your Own Coil
L(uhy) = d2n2/(18d + 14l)where:d = diameter (wire center to
wire center in inches)n = number of turnsl = length of coil (inches)
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Final Home-Brew Coil
Male-end Female-end
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Top Whips or Dipole Elements
1/8 NPT Nipple has a 1/4” IDWill take a 1/4” OD fiberglass bicycle flag poleOr a Radio Shack 72” telescoping whip (RS270-1408)
May need to ream nipple with 9/32” drill bit
1/8 NPT Nipple will screw solidly into a 0.5” OD aluminum tube.To make a 3/8X24 stud, screw a 3/8X24 stainless steel bolt firmly into a 1/8 NPT coupling. Then cut off the head of the SS bolt.
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Top Whips or Dipole Elements
3/8 x 24 Stud
1/8 NPT BrassCoupling
1/8 NPT x 3” Nipple
6’ Bicycle Fiberglass Rodor
Radio Shack 72” whip
3/8 x 24 Stud
1/8 NPT BrassCoupling
1/8 NPT x 3” Nipple
0.5” OD Aluminum Tube
OR
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Radio Shack 72” Whip Interface
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X RS whip and 3/8 x 24 thread
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Fixed and Sliding Whips
Top whips can be made with 1/8” rods3-feet brass rod @ Home Depot for $2.29 each4-feet steel rod @ Home Depot for $1.19 each12-feet stainless steel rod from Jacob Schmidt
www.jschmidtstainless.com12-feet for $2, but shipping ~$10.
Couplers made with 1/8 Compression-to-1/8NPT Male brass adapter
Drill out center hole to 1/8” diameterUse compression collar for fixed whipThrow away compression collar for sliding whip
Drill and tap brass adapter for #6 thumbscrewAnd/or solder on #6 nut over tapped hole for extra support
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X 1/8” Steel or Brass Whip Intfc
1/8 Compression-to-1/8NPT Male Adapter
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Sliding Whip Adapter
1/8 Compression-to-1/8NPT AdapterDrilled & tapped for #6 thumb screw Sliding whip & shaft
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X More Robust Whip Adjust
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X More Robust Adjust & Shaft
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Corona Ball
Corona Discharge effectively gives you a varying antenna length, with a varying VSWR.To eliminate corona discharge, you need to eliminate any sharp points at the antenna end.
Also keeps you from poking your eye!!Taper the end of the 1/8” rod with a file.Screw on a #6 nut just enough so that it is firm on the end of the whip.Solder it in place.
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Corona Ball
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Short Antenna Matching
Short antennas have low radiation resistance.Sum of radiation resistance, coil loss and ground loss typically less than 25 ohms.Inductive, capacitive, or transformer matching will give you a good VSWR.If you don’t need base matching on your short antenna, you probably have excessive losses!
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X In-Line Capacitive Base Match
1-1/4 PVCCoupler
1-1/4” PVC plug
3/8x24 x 1-1/4” hex head stainless steel, nut, lockwasher.
#6 x 3/8” SS sheet metal screws (4 plcs)
In-Line Capacitor Matching Assembly(Not all internal capacitors shown)
1/2 x 1/8 NPT Brass
1-1/4 x 1/2” PVC Adapter
#8 x 1” brass machine screw, lockwasher, nut, wingnut . GND
etc.
IN OUT
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X In-Line Capacitive Base Match
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X SO-239 Capacitive Base Match
1-1/4 PVCCoupler
3/8x16 x 1-1/4” hex head stainless steel, nut, lockwasher.
#6 x 3/8” SS sheet metal screws (4 plcs)
1/2 x 1/8 NPT Brass Adapter
1-1/4 x 1/2” PVC Adapter
#8 x 1” brass machine screw, lockwasher, nut, wingnut. GND
1-1/4” PVC plug
SO-239 1P 12 POSRotary Switch
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X SO-239 Capacitive Base Match
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X SO-239 Capacitive Base Match
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Inductive Base Mount
1-1/4 PVCCoupler
3/8x16 x 1-1/4” hex head stainless steel, nut, lockwasher.
1/2 x 1/8 NPT Brass Adapter
1-1/4 x 1/2” PVC Adapter
#8 x 1” brass machine screw, lockwasher, solder lug. Screw threads into #8 tapped hole in brass adapter.
1-1/4” PVC plug
SO-239
3 turns # 18 enameled wire
#8 x 1” brass machine screw, lockwasher, nut, wingnut.
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Inductive Base Mount
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X XFMR Base Matching
1-1/4 PVCCoupler
1-1/4” PVC plug
3/8x24 x 1-1/4” hex head stainless steel, nut, lockwasher.
#6 x 3/8” SS sheet metal screws (4 plcs)
XFMR Matching Assembly
1/2 x 1/8 NPT Brass
1-1/4 x 1/2” PVC Adapter
#8 x 1” brass machine screw, lockwasher, nut, wingnut .
GND
50Ω
22Ω
22 ohms 50 ohms
21
3 4
5 6
2.25:1 Broadband Matching Transformer. 8-turns triple #16 enameled wires on FT-114A-61
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X XFMR Base Matching
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X X- and C-Match
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Portable Antenna Base
3/4x3/4x1/2 PVC “T”
3/4” PVC threaded plug 3/8x16 x 2-1/2” hex head
carriage bolt, nut, lockwasher.
SO-239#6 x 3/8” SS sheet metal screws (4 plcs)
1/2 x 1/8 NPT Brass
3/4 x 1/2” PVC Adapter
#8 x 1” brass machine screw, lockwasher, nut, wingnut (2 plcs).
3/8x16 x 12” hex head carriage bolt with head cut off.
3/8x16 coupler
3/8x16 nut, lockwasher.
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Portable Antenna Mount
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Portable Mount “in-action”
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Capacitive Matching
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X New 40-10M Portable Dipole
Update to 20-10 meter dipole in Dec. 2000 QSTUse switches instead of clip-leadsAdded Balun
10T RG-174 on FT-114-43 ferrite torroidAdd loading coils for 40/30 meters
40M: 18.5 uhy across open 10-meter switches36T #20 enameled wire on T106-2 torroid
30M: 6.5 uhy across open 10-meter switches22T #20 enameled wire on T106-2 torroid
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X New 40-10M Portable Dipole
18.5”(15m)
41.5”(20m)
7’11”(10m)
11”(12M)
20.5”(17m)
Figure 5: 40-10 meter Switched Dipole
Coax
Optional 30/40 meter coils
7’11”(10m)
11”(12M)
18.5”(15m)
20.5”(17m)
41.5”(20m)
Figure 1: Balun Winding Details5 Turns/Side (Not all turns shown)
FT114-43 Ferrite Core
10 turns RG-174 coax
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Balun & 30/40M Loading Coils
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Portable Station
MFJ-6404 Case
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Tuning The Antenna
Most radios have internal SWR metering.My preference is a simple external SWR meter that also protects the radio during tune-up.A resistive SWR bridge using an LED indicator works great.Limits worst case SWR to 2:1 during tuning
Use Caddock power resistors MP915-50: 15-watt, 50 ohm, TO-126
$2.78 each – Mouser Electronics 684-MP915-50MP930-50: 30-watt, 50 ohm, TO-220
$3.58 each – Mouser Electronics 684-MP930-50
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X The Tenna-Tune
TX ANT
1N4454 10K
0.01 uf50
50
50
Transmit
Tune/SWR
0.01 ufUltrabrightRed LED
Pin 1: key
Pin 2: start
Pin 3: +12V
Pin 4: gnd
10KIC706Tune
RS274-224IC706 INTFC
Tenna-Tune Schematic
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X The Tenna-Tune (Cont.)
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X MFJ-902 + Tenna-Tune
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Screwdriver Control/Indicator
2XUltrabrightRed LEDs
10 Ω 2W
12 VDC IN (Powerpole)
+
-
150 Ω
Motor control -
Motor control +
(4-pin socket/2 used)
Schematic - Direction control and limit indicator
Hi-freqlimit
Lo-freqlimit
QTY Description Price1 Rocker Switch (Mouser 629-GRS4023C13) $1.411 4-pin Receptacle (Mouser 538-03-06-1044) $0.772 Female sockets (Mouser 538-02-06-1103) $0.19 ea.1 1.97x1.38x 67 box (Mouser 546-1551GB) $1.031 10-Ω 3-watt resistor (Mouser 71-CW2B-10) $0.401 150- Ω ¼-watt resistor (Mouser 71-CCF07-J-150/R) $0.022 Ultra-bright red 5mm LED (All Elctronics LED-94) $0.75 ea
Q
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Parts Suppliers
Aluminum tubing – Texas Towers, ACE, Home Depot, McMaster-Carr (www.mcmaster.com).Fiberglass rods/tubes
Max-Gain Systems: http://www.mgs4u.com/Walmart/Bicycle shops: ¼” diameter fiberglass bicycle flag
PVC, brass plumbing parts, tubing, stainless steel hardware
ACE/True Value/Home Depot/Elliott’s/McMaster-CarrAir-wound coil & coil taps
MFJ-404-008 coil, MFJ-605-4001 coil tapB&W coils (Surplus Sales of Nebraska)
Richardson, Texas Phil Salas – AD5X
AD5X Parts Suppliers (Cont.)
Tools: Solder-It Company: http://www.solder-it.com/SolderPro torches (SolderPro 50 is $19.95 @ Radio Shack)Aluminum Solder PasteSilver Solder Paste (Silver Solder Paste is $4 @ Radio Shack)
Hand ToolsHarbor Freight 39391-0VGA Tap & Die Kit @ $12.9911/64” cobalt drill bit (for drilling #8 clearance hole in stainless steel): ACE Hardware Store
Stainless Steel hardwareJacob Schmidt & Son (www.jschmidtstainless.com)ACE Hardware storeMcMaster-Carr (www.mcmaster.com)