Antarctic Ozone “Hole” Review 2012 Craig S. Long 1 Larry Flynn 2 , Bryan Johnson 3 NOAA 1-NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center 2-NESDIS/STAR/Satellite Meteorology & Climatology Division 3-OAR/ESRL/Global Monitoring Division
Antarctic Ozone “Hole” Review 2012 Craig S. Long 1 Larry Flynn 2, Bryan Johnson 3 NOAA 1-NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center 2-NESDIS/STAR/Satellite Meteorology.
Dec 17, 2015
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- Slide 1
- Antarctic Ozone Hole Review 2012 Craig S. Long 1 Larry Flynn 2, Bryan Johnson 3 NOAA 1-NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center 2-NESDIS/STAR/Satellite Meteorology & Climatology Division 3-OAR/ESRL/Global Monitoring Division
- Slide 2
- Quick ozone review Ozone generation cycle Ozone depletion cycles Ozone recovery expectations NOAA-centric perspective 2012 ozone hole in context of 32 previous years Various ways to monitor and measure ozone hole Meteorological conditions accountable for 2012 ozone size and longevity Outline
- Slide 3
- Ozone Life Cycle
- Slide 4
- Ozone Destruction Cycle From 2010 Ozone Assessment
- Slide 5
- Reservoir molecules DeNitrification Activation
- Slide 6
- Why Ozone Holes form over Antarctica and Not the Arctic From 2010 Ozone Assessment
- Slide 7
- Ozone Recovery Protocols From 2010 Ozone Assessment
- Slide 8
- Ozone Recovery Expectations From 2010 Ozone Assessment
- Slide 9
- Ozone Recovery Expectations
- Slide 10
- 2012 Antarctic Ozone Hole Ozone Hole definition: Area in which total column ozone is less than 220 DU Satellite Perspective South Pole Perspective
- Slide 11
- Suomi-NPP OMPS Total Ozone
- Slide 12
- Ozone Hole Time Series
- Slide 13
- Ozone Hole Annual Maximum Size Using SBUV/2 v8 analyses
- Slide 14
- Ozone Hole Annual Mean Size Late Sept
- Slide 15
- Ozone Hole Monthly Mean
- Slide 16
- Monthly Mean Ozone Analysis
- Slide 17
- South Pole Ozonesonde Measurements Comparison of 2012 with 2006 which had near complete ozone depletion
- Slide 18
- South Pole Ozonesonde Measurements
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- South Pole Spectrophotometer Measurements Late October By late October the break down of the polar vortex lead to the early end of the 2012 ozone hole resulting in anomalously high total ozone values.
- Slide 22
- Meteorological Conditions PSC Area Defines the potential size of ozone depleted air Vortex Area Separates cold/ozone depleted polar air from ozone rich warmer mid-latitude air Defines longevity of ozone hole What modulates these: Wave activity and heat flux from mid-latitudes
- Slide 23
- Area of PSC Temps and Polar Vortex
- Slide 24
- Vortex, Temperature, Ozone Relationship Note how the high ozone values coincide with the warm temperatures surrounding the polar vortex. Note how the polar vortex separates the ozone rich middle latitudes from the depleted ozone values inside.
- Slide 25
- SH Polar Temperatues 50hPa SH high latitude temperatures were warm than last year and near the long term average during the SH winter/spring months. The temps raise rapidly in October due to the early vortex breakdown. 2hPa SH high latitude temperatures were consistently warm during the SH winter/spring months.
- Slide 26
- 2006 2012 Volume of Cold Air Compared to a year (2006) with a large ozone hole, the PSC area at various levels in 2012 were much smaller.
- Slide 27
- Comparison of 2012 PSC Area with Previous Years Zonal Mean Temperature Anomaly
- Slide 28
- SH Poleward Heat Flux Heat flux activity showed several pulses in 2012 which raised temperatures and decreased the size of the PSC area/volume. The strong pulse in mid October lead to the vortex break- down and filling in of the ozone hole.
- Slide 29
- Heat Flux [vT] (deg m sec -1 ) 50 hPa Temperature Jul/Aug 100mb Heat Flux vs Aug/Sep 50mb Temps 2012
- Slide 30
- Heat Flux [vT] (deg m sec -1 ) 50 hPa Temperature Comparison of Heat Flux/Temp Relationship between MERRA and CFSR
- Slide 31
- Wave 1 and 2 activity transports heat towards polar region. Increases the temperature in the polar vortex. Shrinks the area of PSCs. Heat Flux Impacts on Polar Temperatures
- Slide 32
- Descending easterlies Role of QBO
- Slide 33
- Low Tropical Ozone High Polar Ozone BD Circulation Speeds Up High Polar Ozone Descending Easterlies
- Slide 34
- Descending cold anom
- Slide 35
- Low Ozone in Tropics, High in Extra-tropics and South Polar Region
- Slide 36
- SP August Ozone Levels are well above mean
- Slide 37
- Summary SH Polar temperatures were warm Heat Flux activity was great PSC area was small Ozone Hole size is extremely small Wave activity and temperatures dont necessarily explain why the ozone hole size was so small. South Pole ozonesondes imply ozone levels were well above normal. Perhaps ozone depletion was equivalent to other years yet due to higher starting point the area below 240 DU threshold was smaller than those same years. Strong wave activity in Oct resulted in early end of ozone hole
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