ansys lab manual.doc

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY(AUTONOMOUS)

Experiment No. Date :

BTech IV year -1st sem as per JNTU ANANTAPUR

CAD/CAM LAB MANUAL

Prepared by

M SIVARAMAKRISHANIAH

M.Tech(PhD)

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INDEXEXP.NO DATE TOPIC PAGE.NO

AUTO CAD 03

1. 2D SKETCH 1 04-05

2. 2D SKETCH 2 06-07

3. 2D SKETCH 3 08

PART MODELING(SOLID WORKS) 09

INTRODUCTION 10-12

1. CAMERA BODY 13-17

2. AUTOMOBILE WHEEL 18-23

3. ROPE 24-27

ANSYS-14 28

INTRODUCTION 29-30

1. STEPPED BAR(TAPER BAR) 31-36

2. TRUSS 37-42

3. NATURAL FRQUENCY 43-49

4. WALLS 50-57

CAM 58

INTRODUCTION 59-63

1. FACING CYCLE 64-65

2. TURNING CYCLE 66-67

3. LINEAR & CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION(MILLING)

68-69

4. CFD NOZZLE 71-84

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Auto CAD

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1. SKETCH-1

Aim: To develop a 2D –model of given figure as per the given dimentions.

Apparatus: Windows operating system, CAD 2010 Software ,600 x 450 pixels Graphics

system, plotters.

Program:

1. Command: Rectangle

Specify first corner point or (chamfer/elevation/fillet/thickness/width)

Specify other corner point or (Dimensions) :@550,400

2. Command: Explode:

Selected objects : 1

3. Command: Chamfer:

Select first line or (polyline/distance) : d

(Angle/trim/method)

Specify first chamfer distance : 125 mm

Specify second chamfer distance : 200 mm

Select first line or (polyline/distance/Angle/trim/method): Select second line.

4. Command: Circle

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Specify center point for circle: (3p/2p/ttr (tan tan radius)

Specify radius of circle or (Diameter) : 50 mm

Specify center point for circle or (3p/2p/ttr (tan tan radius) :

Specify radius of circle or (Diameter) :100 mm

5. Command: Circle

Specify center point for circle or(3p/2p/ttr(tan tan radius)

Specify radius of circle or Diameter : 50mm

6.Command: Dimension

Marking all the dimensions as per the given dimensions.

Result: The 2D model is obtained as per the given Dimensions.

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2. SKETCH-2 3.

Aim: To develop a 2D model of given figure as per the given dimensions.

Apparatus: windows operating system.CAD 2010 SOFTWARE, 200 X 190 Graphics system, plotter

Program:

1. Command: RectangleSpecify first corner point or (chamfer/elevation/fi;;et/thickness/width):Specify other corner point or: @150, 92.5.2. Command: ExplodeSelect objects : 13. Command: ChamferSelect objects: 14. Command: chamferSelect first line or (polyline/distance/angle/trim/method) :dSpecify first chamfer distance: 25mmSpecify second chamfer distance : 25Select first line or (polyline /distance/angle/trim/method):Select second line:5. Command: chamfer

Select first line or(Poly line/distance/angle/trim/method) :dSpecify first chamfer distance: 25Specify second chamfer distance :25Select first line or (polyline/distance/angle/trim/method):Select second line:

6. Command: lineSpecify first pointSpecify next point or (undo):@7.5<270Specify next point or (undo) @50<180Specify next point or (undo)@10<90Specify next point or (undo)@70<180Specify next point or (undo) 35<2707. Command: Chamfer Select first line or (polyline/distance/angle/trim/method) :dSpecify first chamfer distance: 12.5

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Specify second chamfer distance: 12.5Select first line or(Polyline/distance/angle/trim/method):Select second line:8. Command: Mirror Select objectsSpecify first point of mirror line:Specify second point of mirror line:Delete source objects?(yes/no) :n9. Command: Dimension

Marking all the dimensions of the figure by using dimension commands.

Results: The 2D model is obtained as per the given dimensions.

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3. SKETCH-3

Aim: To develop a 2Dmodel of given figure as per the given dimensions

Apparatus: Windows operating system, CAD2002 software, 350*250graphics system Plotter

Program: 1) Command: rectangleSpecify first corner point or [chamfer/elevation/fillet/thickness/width]:Specify other point or[Dimensions] :@300,2002) Command: chamferSelect first line or [Poly line / distance / angle /trim/ method]: dSpecify first chamfer distance: 75Specify second chamfer distance: 50Select first line or [Poly line / distance / angle/ trim/method]:Select second line:4) Command: chamfer Select first line or [Poly line / distance / angle / trim / method]:Specify first chamfer distance: 125Specify first line or [Poly line / distance / angle / trim / method]:Select second line 5) Command: lineSpecify first point :Specify next point or [undo]: @25< 900

Specify next point or [undo]: @75<00



6) Command: dimension Making all the dimensions as per the figure by using aligned command Result The 2D model is obtained as per the given dimensions

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Part Modeling

Solid Works

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Basics of Solids Modeling with Solid Works

Introduction Solid Works is the state of the art in computer-aided design (CAD). Solid Works

represents an object in a virtual environment just as it exists in reality, i.e., having volume as well as surfaces and edges. This, along with exceptional ease of use, makes Solid Works a powerful design tool. Complex three-dimensional parts with contoured surfaces and detailed features can be modeled quickly and easily with Solid-Works. Then, many parts can be assembled in a virtual environment to create a computer model of the finished product. In addition, traditional engineering drawings can be easily extracted from the solids models of both the parts and the final assembly. This approach opens the door to innovative design concepts, speeds product development, and minimizes design errors. The result is the ability to bring high-quality products to market very quickly.

CONSTRAINT-BASED SOLIDS MODELING The constraint-based solids modeling used in Solid Works makes the modeling

process intuitive. The 3-D modeling begins with the creation of a 2-D sketch of the profile for the cross section of the part. The sketch of the cross section begins much like the freehand sketch of the face of an object. The initial sketch need not be particularly accurate; it needs only to reflect the basic geometry of the part’s cross-sectional shape. Details of the cross section are added later. The next step is to constrain the two-dimensional sketch by adding enough dimensions and parameters to completely define the shape and size of the two-dimensional profile. The name constraint-based modeling arises because the shape of the initial two-dimensional sketch is “constrained” by adding dimensions to the sketch. Finally, a three-dimensional object is created by revolving or extruding the two-dimensional sketched profile. Figure 1 shows the result of revolving a simple L-shaped cross section by 270o about an axis and extruding the same L-shaped cross section along an axis.

In either case, these solid bodies form the basic geometric solid shapes of the part. Other features can be added subsequently to modify the basic solid shape. Once the solids model is generated using Solid Works, all of the surfaces have been automatically defined, so it is possible to shade it in order to create a photorealistic appearance. It is also easy to generate two-dimensional orthographic views of the object. Solid modeling

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is like the sculpting of a virtual solid volume of material. Because the volume of the object is properly represented in a solids model, it is possible to slice through the object and show a view of the object that displays the interior detail (sectional views). Once several solid objects have been created, they can be assembled in a virtual environment to confirm their fit and to visualize the assembled product. Solids models are useful for purposes other than visualization. The solids model contains a complete mathematical representation of the object, inside and out. This mathematical representation is easily converted into specialized computer code that can be used for stress analysis, heat transfer analysis, fluid-flow analysis, and computer-aided manufacturing. Getting Started in Solid Works, Introduction and Reference Solid Works Corporation developed Solid Works® as a three-dimensional, feature-based, solids-modeling system for personal computers.

Solid modeling represents objects in a computer as volumes, rather than just as collections of edges and surfaces. Features are three-dimensional geometries with direct analogies to shapes that can be machined or manufactured, such as holes or rounds. Feature-based solid modeling creates and modifies the geometric shapes of an object in a way that represents common manufacturing processes. This makes Solid Works a very powerful and effective tool for engineering design. As compared with other computer programs, Solid Works organizes and stores data in files. Each file has a name followed by a period (dot) and an extension. There are several file types used in Solid Works, but the most common file types and their extensions are

Part files .prt or .sldprtAssembly files .asm or .sldasmDrawing files .drw or .slddrw

Part files are the files of the individual parts that are modeled. Part files contain all of the pertinent information about the part. Because Solid Works is a solids-modeling program, the virtual part on the screen will look very similar to the actual manufacture part. Assembly files are created from several individual part files that are virtually assembled (in the computer) to create the finished product. Awing files are the two dimensional engineering drawing representations of both the part and assembly file. The drawings should contain all of the necessary information for the manufacture of the part, including dimensions, part tolerances, and so on. The part file is the driving file for all other file types. The modeling procedure begins with part files. Subsequent assemblies and drawings are based on the original part files. One advantage of Solid Works files is the feature of dynamic links. Any change to a part file will automatically be updated in any corresponding assembly or drawing file.

Tool bars:• The Sketch toolbar contains tools to set up and manipulate a sketch.

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• The Sketch Tools toolbar contains tools to draw lines, circles, rectangles, arcs, and so on.

• The Sketch Relations toolbar contains tools for constraining elements of a sketch by using dimensions or relations.

• The Features toolbar contains tools that modify sketches and existing features of a part.

• The Standard toolbar contains the usual commands available for manipulating files (Open, Save, Print, and so on), editing documents (Cut, Copy, and Paste), and accessing Help.

• The Standard Views toolbar contains common orientations for a model. • The View toolbar contains tools to orient and rescale the view of a part.

• Line: creates a straight line. • Center point Arc: creates a circular arc from a center point, a start point, and an

end point. • Tangent Arc: creates a circular arc tangent to an existing sketch entity. • 3 Pt Arc: creates a circular arc through three points. • Circle: creates a circle. • Spline: creates a curved line that is not a circular arc. • Polygon: creates a regular polygon. • Rectangle: creates a rectangle. • Point creates: a reference point that is used for constructing other sketch entities. • Centerline: creates a reference line that is used for constructing other sketch

entities. • Convert Entities: creates a sketch entity by projecting an edge, curve, or contour

onto the sketch plane. • Mirror: reflects entities about a centerline. • Fillet: creates a tangent arc between two sketch entities by rounding an inside or

an outside corner. • Offset: Entities creates a sketch curve that is offset from a selected sketch entity

by a specified distance. • Trim: removes a portion of a line or curve. • Construction Geometry: creates entities that aid in sketching. • Linear Sketch Step and Repeat: creates a linear pattern of sketch entities.• Circular Sketch Step and Repeat: creates a circular pattern of sketch entities.

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1.Camera BodyAIM: To model the given object using the Extrusion feature as per the dimensions given.

Description of Extrusion Future:

Base Feature:The first feature to be created.The foundation of the part.The base feature geometry for the box is an extrusion.

To create an Extruded Base Feature:

1. Select a sketch plane.

Sketch a 2D profile of the square model as shown in the figureSelect front plane Right click select insert sketchSketch a 2D profile of the square model Give the dimension and it should come fully define Ok exit sketch

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2. Extrude the sketch perpendicular to sketch plane(Select Insert Boss/Bass Extrude) ok

3. Draw a circle of Diameter 50 mm, Select front plane to draw the 2D circle of dia 50 > Give the dimension and it should come fully define > Ok exit sketchIt adds material to the part and requires a sketch.

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6. Extrude the sketch perpendicular to sketch planeSelect the sketch and then ( select Insert Boss/Bass Extrudeok

4. Draw the circle for the Diameter of 35 mm and Select front plane to draw the 2D circle of dia 35 > Give the dimension it should come fully define > Ok > exit sketch(Select Insert cut Extruded)Feature:

It Removes material from the part and also it requires a sketch.

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5. Fillet Feature:Round the edges of faces of a part to a specified radius.(SelectinsertFeaturefillet)

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Procedure:1. Select a sketch plane (Front, top or side)2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.3. Dimension the model using smart Dimensions icon.4. Check the sketch is fully defined5. Extrude the sketch perpendicular to sketch plane.6. Use extrude cut feature to cut the solid as given in the drawing.

Result:Thus the given model is extruded.

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2. Automobile WheelAIM: To model the given object using the Revolve and circular pattern feature as per the dimensions given.

1. Create a 2D sketch on Front Plane as shown in the figure.(Right click the Front plane>insert sketch and draw the 2D sketch)

Note: All the 2D sketches drawn should be fully Defined and there should not be any under defined)and use ( click Add Relation and Smart Dimensions)

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1. Revolve, the sketch to 360 degree on top sketched line, by (Insert> Boss/Base>Revolve) ok.

2. Create circle of 2D sketch of Diameter of 121.92 mm, on right plane and extrude to 50.8mm

(Select the face by (Enter Space bar> double click the Normal plane)

and Draw the 2D sketch as given above

Extrude by (Insert>Boss/Base>Extrude)) ok.

3. Draw the sketch on edge wheel face, sketch for arm hole ,

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Select the face by (Enter Space bar> double click the Normal plane)

and Draw the 2D sketch as given below

4. And remove the material by (Insert>cut>Extrude), through all, OK.

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5. Add fillet R12.7mm inner(Insert>Features>Fillet/Round),add fillet 5.08mm for corner ok

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6. Click Circular Pattern ,click (View>Temporary Axes,) select center axis as rotation axis

8.( Give 360 degree and 5 equal spacing) , Select Cut-Extrude1, Fillet1 and Fillet2 as a Features to Pattern. OK.

7. Click on hub face, insert sketch, sketch center circle diameter 69.85mm. Extrude Cut to 12.7mm deep.(Insert>cut>Extrude).

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8. Add chamfer 12.7mm to inner cut and add chamfer 6.35mm to wheel edge ok done. .(Insert>Feature>chamfer).

Result:Thus the given model is completed.

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3. Three layer Rope

AIM: To model the given object using the Sweep and circular step and repeat feature as per the dimensions given.

1. Create a spline curve sketch on Front Plane.

(Front planeInsert SketchDraw the spline using spline tool bar right clickend spline)

( select close dialog box andexit sketch.)

2.and another spline curve sketch on top plane

(select Top planeInsert Sketchclick Space bar and double click the Normal plane Draw the spline using spline tool barright clickend spline)

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( select close dialog box andexit sketch.)

3.create 3D plane curve

(using, insert curveprojected, select Two (cures)sketches ,

when we rotate the geometry it will show 3D curve. Click OK.

4.at one end of the 3D curve, create new plane.

(InsertReference Geometryplane),select curve end point and edge curve and OK.

5.create a circle with suitable dimensions, nearby end of the spline curve.

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6.Before finishing sketch(select Toolssketch toolscircular step and repeat) from that given number of rope layers.( 3 or 4). OK and select finish sketch.

7.Take sweep (insertboss/base sweep) command and give

select profile and there relative circle, and

select path there relative curve,

optionsorientation /twist type(select along path),

Define byselect turns give the valve of 50 to 100). ok done.

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Result:Thus the given model is completed.

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ANSYS -14

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The Purpose of FEAAnalytical Solution• Stress analysis for trusses, beams, and other simple structures are carried out based on dramatic simplification and idealization:– mass concentrated at the center of gravity– beam simplified as a line segment (same cross-section)• Design is based on the calculation results of the idealized structure & a large safety factor (1.5-3) given by experience.FEA• Design geometry is a lot more complex; and the accuracy requirement is a lot higher. We need– To understand the physical behaviors of a complex object (strength, heat transfer capability, fluid flow, etc.)– To predict the performance and behavior of the design to calculate the safety margin; and to identify the weakness of the design accurately; and– To identify the optimal design with confidence.Brief History1. Grew out of aerospace industry2. Post-WW II jets, missiles, space flight3. Need for light weight structures4. Required accurate stress analysis5. Paralleled growth of computers.Common FEA ApplicationsMechanical/Aerospace/Civil/Automotive EngineeringStructural/Stress Analysis Static/Dynamic Linear/NonlinearFluid FlowHeat TransferElectromagnetic FieldsSoil MechanicsAcousticsBiomechanics

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A GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

• Preprocessing– Define the geometric domain of the problem.– Define the element type(s) to be used (Chapter 6).– Define the material properties of the elements.– Define the geometric properties of the elements (length, area, and the like). – Define the element connectivities (mesh the model). – Define the physical constraints (boundary conditions). Define the loadings.• Solution– computes the unknown values of the primary field variable(s)– computed values are then used by back substitution to compute additional, derived variables, such as reaction forces, element stresses, and heat flow.• Post processing– Postprocessor software contains sophisticated routines used for sorting, printing, and plotting –Selected results from a finite element solution.Beam ElementThe usual assumptions of elementary beam theory are applicable here:1. The beam is loaded only in the y direction.2. Deflections of the beam are small in comparison to the characteristic dimensions of the beam. 3. The material of the beam is linearly elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous. The beam is prismatic and the cross section has an axis of symmetry in the plane of bending

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1. STEPPED BAR

AIM: For stepped bar to find the nodal displacement, stress in each element at the fixed end.A1 = 200 mm^2, A 2 = 100 mm^2 and E1 = E2 = 200GPa.

PREPROCESSING1.Main Menu > Preprocessor> Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete >Add >Structural Link > 3D finit stn 180> OK>Close.

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200 mm 100 mm

500 N1000 N



2.Main Menu >Preprocessor > real Constants >Add/Edit/Delete >Add >OK

Cross-Sectional area AREA > Enter 200 >Add >OK

Cross-sectional area AREA >Enter 100 >OK >Close.

3. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Material Props >Material Models

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Material Model Number 1,click Structural >Linear >Elastic >Isotropic

Enter EX = 200E3 and PRXY = 0.3 >OK(Close the Define Material Model Behavior window.)Create the Nodes and elements. As it is stated in the problem that uses 2 element model Hence create 3 nodes and 2 elements.

4. Main MENU >Preprocessor > Modeling >Create > Nodes >In Active CS Enter the coordinates of node 3>OK.

5. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Modeling > Create >Elements > Elem Attributes > OK >Auto Numbered > Thru nodes Pick The 1st and 2nd node >OK.

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Elem Attributes >change the Real content set number to 2 >OK>Auto Numbered >thru nodes Pick the 2nd and 3rd node >OK.

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6.Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Displacement >On Nodes Pick the 1st node >Apply >All DOF = 0 >OK.

7. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Force/Moment >On nodes Pick the 3rd Node >Ok >Force/Moment value = 500 in FX direction >OK>Force/Moment >On Nodes pick the 2nd node >OK >Force/Moment value = -1000 in FX direction.The model-building step is now complete, and we can process to the solution. First to be safe, save the model.Solution. The interactive solution proceeds.

8.Main MENU >Solution >Solve >Current LS >OKThe/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and the Solve Current Load Step window is shown. Check the solution options in the/STATUS window and if all is OK,select File >Close.In the Solve Current Load Step window, Select OK, and when the solution is complete, close the Solution is Done! Window.

POSTPROCESSINGWe can now plot the results of this analysis and also list the computed values.

9. Main Menu>General postproc >Plot Results >Contour Plot >Nodal Solu >DOF >Solution >Displacement vector sum >OK.

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10.Main Menu >General Postproc >Element Table >Define Table >ADD Select Bysequence num and LS and type 1 after LS as shown in fig. >OK

11.Main Menu >General Post Proc >Plot Results >Contour Plot >Elem Table >Select LS1 >OK

Result: Thus the given model is simulated and verified stress and deflection.

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Stress pattern for stepped bar



2. TRUSS

AIM: Determine the nodal displacements, element stresses and support reactions for the three members truss A = 800 mm^2 and E = 200GPa for all members.

PREPROCESSING1. Main Menu > Preprocessor> Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete >Add >Structural

Link > 3D finit stn 180> OK>Close.

2. Main Menu >Preprocessor > real Constants >Add/Edit/Delete >Add >OK

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2 m 2 m

1.5 m

12 KN

8 KN

ө



Cross-Sectional area AREA > Enter 200 >Add >OKCross-Sectional area AREA > Enter 200 >Add >OKCross-Sectional area AREA > Enter 200 >Add >OK

3. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Material Props >Material Models


Enter EX = 200E3 and PRXY = 0.3 >OK(Close the Define Material Model Behavior window.)

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Create the Nodes and elements. As it is stated in the problem that uses 2 element model hence create 3 nodes and 2 elements.

4. Main MENU >Preprocessor > Modeling >Create > Nodes >In Active CS Enter the coordinates of node 3>OK.

5. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Modeling > Create >Elements > Elem Attributes > OK >Auto Numbered > Thru nodes Pick The 1st and 2nd node >OK.

Elem Attributes >change the Real content set number to 2 >OK>Auto Numbered >thru nodes Pick the 2nd and 3rd node >OK.

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6. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Displacement >On Nodes Pick the 1st node >Apply >All DOF = 0 >OK

7. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Force/Moment > On nodes Pick the 2nd Node >Ok >Force/Moment value = 8000

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in FX direction >OK>Force/Moment >On Nodes pick the 2nd node >OK >Force/Moment value = -12000 in FY direction. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Displacement >On Nodes Pick the 3rd node >Apply >FY = 0 >OK

The model-building step is now complete, and we can process to the solution. First to be safe, save the model.

Solution. The interactive solution proceeds.

8. Main MENU >Solution >Solve >Current LS >OKThe/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and the Solve Current Load Step window is shown. Check the solution options in the/STATUS window and if all is OK, select File >Close.In the Solve Current Load Step window, Select OK, and when the solution is complete, close the Solution is Done! Window.

POSTPROCESSINGWe can now plot the results of this analysis and also list the computed values.

9. Main Menu>General Postproc >Plot Results >Contour Plot >Nodal Solu >DOF >Solution >Displacement vector sum >OK.

10.Main Menu >General Postproc >Element Table >Define Table >ADD Select Bysequence num and LS and type 1 after LS as shown in fig. >OK.

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11. Main Menu >General Post Proc >Plot Results >Contour Plot >Elem Table >Select LS1 >OK.

Result: Thus the given model is simulated and verified stress and deflection.

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3. Natural Frequency of Cantilever Beam

AIM: To Determine the First Two Natural Frequencies.

Let E = 207 GPa, Poisson’s Ratio = 0.3, Length L= 2.5m,Cross sectional Area A= 1m^2,Mass Density ρ =7800 kg/m^3.

PREPROCESSING1.Main Menu > Preprocessor> Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete >Add >Structural Link > 3D finit stn 180> OK>Close.

2.Main Menu >Preprocessor > real Constants >Add/Edit/Delete >Add >OK

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2.5 m



Cross sectional AREA >Enter 1 >OK>Close.Enter the Material Properties.3. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Material Props >Material Models


Enter EX = 200E3 and PRXY = 0.3 >OKClick structural >Linear >Density =7800(Close the Define Material Model Behavior window.)Create the Key points and lines as shown in the figure.4. Main MENU >Preprocessor > Modeling >Create > Nodes >In Active CS Enter the coordinates of node 3>OK.

.

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Key point locationsKey point number X coordinate Y coordinate

1 0 02 2.5 0

5.Main Menu >Preprocessor >Modeling >Create >Lines >Lines >Stright Line Pick the 1 st and 2 nd key point >OK.

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6.Main Menu >Preprocessor >Messing >Size Controls >Manual Size >Lines >All Lines >Enter NDIV No.of Element divisions =10.

7. Main Menu >preprocessor>Meshing>Mesh>Lines>Click Pick All

8. Main Menu >Solution>Analysis Type>New Analysis>Select Model>OK.

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9. Main Menu >Preprocessor>Loads >Apply>Structural >Displacement >On nodes Pick the Lest most node >Apply >Select All DOF>OK

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10. Main Menu>Solution >Analysis Type >Analysis options>Select Reduced option Enter No.of modes to extract =2

Enter FREQE Frequency range 0 -2500> OK.

Main Menu>Solution >Master DOFs>user selected >DEFINE >Pick all nodes except left most node>Ok >Select UX from Leb 1 1st DOF>OK.

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Solution: The interactive solution proceeds.12. Main Menu>Solution >Solve >Current LS>okThe/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and the Solve Current Load Step window is shown. Click the solution options in the/STATUS window and if all is OK, select FILE >Close.In the solve, Current load step window, Select OK, and the solution is complete, Close the Solution is DONE, window.POSTPROCESSING13. Main Menu >General Postproc>Results SummaryThe result is shown as Frequency values in Hz14. Main Menu >General Postproc >Read Results >First Set15. Main Menu>General Postproc >Plot Results >Counter Plot>Nodal Solu>DOF.This result is shown in fig.

Result: Thus the given model is simulated and verified Natural Frequency at each node of elements.

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4. WALLS

AIM: To Determine the Temperature Distribution of combined plane walls.

PREPROCESSING1. Main Menu > Preprocessor> Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete >Add >Structural Link > 3D finit stn 180> OK>Close.

2. Main Menu>Preprocessor>Element Type>Add/Edit/Delete>Add>Click on Link>then on 3D conduction (Link 33)>OK>Add>Click on Link >then on 3D convection 34 >Ok>Close.

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h T∞

0.3m 0.15m 0.15m

K1 K2 K3

To



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3. Main Menu>Preprocessor >Real Constants>Add/Edit/Delete>Add>Click on Link 32>Ok.Enter cross-sectional area AREA>Enter 1>OK

Add>Click on Link 34>OkEnter cross sectional area AREA>Enter 1>Ok>Close.

Enter the material properties.4. Main Menu >Preprocessor>Material props>Material ModelsMaterial Model Number 1,Click Thermal >Conductivity >IsotropicEnter KXX=30>ok

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Then in the material model window click on Material menu >New model>OKMaterial Model Number 2,Click Thermal>Conductivity>isotropicEnter KXX=50>Ok

Then in the material Model window click on Material menu>New Model>OKMaterial Model Number 3,Click Thermal>Conductivity>IsotropicEnter KXX=20>ok.

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Then in the material model window click on Material menu >New Model>OKMaterial Model Number 4,Click Thermal>Convection or film coef.Enter HF=25>ok

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(Close the Define Material Model Behavior window.)Create the nodes and elements.5. Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Nodes>InActive CS Enter the coordinates of node1>Apply Enter the coordinates of node 2>Apply Enter the coordinates of node 3>Apply>Enter the coordinates of node 4>Apply Enter the coordinates of node 5>Ok6. Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create >Elements>Elem Attributes>ok>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the 1 st and 2nd node>Ok>Elem Attributes>change the material number to 2>Ok>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the 2nd and 3 rd node>Ok>Elem Attributes>change the material number to 3>OK>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the 3 rd and 4th node>OK>Elem Attributes >change the element type to Link 34>Change the material number to 4>Change the real constant set number to 2>Ok>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the 1st and 5th node >OkApply the boundary condition and temperature.

7. Main Menu>Preprocessor>Loads>Define Loads>Apply>Thermal> Temperature>On nodes pick the 4th node >Apply >Click on TEMP and Enter Value -20>OK

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8. Main Menu>Preprocessor>Loads>Define Loads>Apply>Thermal> Temperature>On nodes pick the 5th node>Apply>Click on TEMP and Enter Value =800>OK.

Solution: The interactive solution proceeds.9. Main Menu>Solution>Solve>Current LS>okThe/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and the solve current Load Step Window is shown. Check the solution options in the/STATUS window and if all is OK, select File>CloseIn the solve Current Load Step window, Select OK, and when the solution is complete, Close the Solution is done.Post processingWe can now plot the results of this analysis and also list the computed values.10. Main Menu >General Postproc >Plot Results>Counter Plot>Nodal Solu>DOF

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11. Main Menu >General Postproc>List Results>Nodal Solu>Select Temperature>Ok

Result: Thus the given model is simulated and verified Temperature at each node of elements.

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WORD DETAILS:

Although the control will, in general, accept part programming words in any sequence, it is recommended that the following word order for each block is used.

N; G; X or U; Z or W; I; K; F; S; T;

O: PROGRAM NUMBER

The “O” followed by a 4 digit numeral value is used to assign a program number.

Example: O1002

N: SEQUENCE NUMBER

The N word may be omitted. When programmed, the sequence number following the N address is a four digit numerical value and is used to identify a complete block of information. Although ascending, descending, or duplicate numbering is allowed, it is best to program in ascending order in increments of 10. This allows for future editing and simplified sequence number search.

G: PREPARATORY COMMAND:

The two digit G command is programmed to set up the control to perform an automatic machine operation. A full list of G codes are given, one G word from each modal group and one non modal G word can be programmed on the same block.

Example: Valid N 100 G00 G40 G41 G90 G95 *G40 & G41 are from the same group.A retained G word (Modal) from one group remains active until another G word from the same group is programmed.

One-shot G word (Non-Modal) must be programmed in every block when required.

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INTRODUCTION



G-CODES LISTING FOR DENFORD FANUC LATHES:Note: - NOT ALL G CODES APPLY TO EACH MACHINE.

Group 1 G00 Positioning (Rapid Traverse)1 G01 Liner Interpolation (Feed)1 G02 Circular Interpolation CW1 G03 Circular Interpolation CW0 G04 Dwell0 G10 Offset Value Setting By Program6 G20 Inch Data Input6 G21 Metric Data Input9 G22 Stored Stroke Check On9 G23 Stored Stroke Check Off0 G27 Reference Point Return Check0 G28 Reference Point Return0 G29 Return from Reference Point0 G30 Return to 2nd Reference Point0 G31 Skip Function1 G32 Thread Cutting1 G34 Variable Lead Thread Cutting0 G36 Automatic Tool Compensation X0 G37 Automatic Tool Compensation Z7 G40 Tool Nose Radius Compensation cancels7 G41 Tool Nose Radius Compensation Left7 G42 Tool Nose Radius Compensation Right0 G50 Work Co-ord. Change/Max. Spindle Speed setting0 G65 Macro call12 G66 Macro Modal Call Cancel12 G67 Macro Modal Call Cancel4 G70 Finishing Cycle4 G71 Stock Removal in Turning0 G72 Stock Removal in Turning0 G73 Pattern Repeating0 G74 Peck Drilling in Z Axis0 G75 Grooving in X Axis0 G76 Thread Cutting Cycle1 G90 Cutting Cycle A1 G92 Thread Cutting Cycle1 G94 Cutting Cycle B2 G96 Constant surface Speed Control

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2 G97 Constant Surface Speed Control Cancel11 G98 Feed per Minute11 G99 Feed per Revolution

NOTES FOR G CODE LISTING:

Note 1:- G Codes of 0 group represent those non modal and are effective to the designed block.

Note 2:- G Codes of different groups can be commanded to the same block. If more than one G codes from the same group are commanded, the latter becomes effective.

AIXS DEFINITIONS:-

Z AXIS:-

The Z axis is along a line between the spindle and the tailstock, or the center line of rotation of the spindle. Minus (-) movements of the tool are left toward the head stock; positive (+) movements are right towards the tailstock.

X AXIS:-

The X axis is 90 degrees from the Z axis (perpendicular to the Z axis). Minus (-) movements of the tool are toward the center-line of rotation, and positive (+) movements are away from the center –line of rotation.

X: X AXIS COMMAND:-

The X word is programmed as a diameter which is used to command a change in position perpendicular to the spindle center-line.

U: X AXIS COMMAND:- The U word is an incremental distance (diameter value) which is used to

command a change in position perpendicular to the spindle center-line. The movement is the programmed value.

Z: Z AXIS COMMAND:-

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The Z word is an absolute dimension which is used is used to command a change in position parallel to the spindle center-line.

W: Z AXIS COMMAND:-The W word is an incremental distance which is used to command a change of

position parallel to the spindle center-line.Do not program X & U or Z & W in the same block. If an X axis command calls

for no movement it may be omitted.

X, U or P: DWELL:-

The X word is used with G04 to command a dwell in seconds. The P word is used with G04 to command a dwell in milliseconds.

I WORD:- For are programming (G02 or G03), the K Value (with sign) is programmed to define the incremental distance parallel to the Z axis, between the start of the arc and the arc center.

K WORD:-For arc programming (G02 or G03), the K value (with sign) is programmed to

define the incremental distance parallel to the Z axis, between the start of the arc and the arc center.

The maximum arc for I & K programming is limited to the quadrant. If I or K is zero, it must be omitted.

F WORD:-

a) In G99 mode the F word is used to command feed/rev.b) In G98 mode the F word is used to command feed/min.c) In G32 mode the F word specifies the lead (pitch) of the thread.

P WORD:-a) Used in automatic cycles to define the first block of a contour.b) Used with M98 to define a subroutine number.

Q WORD:-Q words are used in automatic cycles to define the last block of a contour.

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R WORD:- For circular interpolation (G02 or G03) the R word defines the arc radius from the center of the tool nose radius (G40 active) - or the actual radius required (G41/ G42 active).

S WORD:-a) In the constant surface speed mode (G96) the four digit S word is used to

command the required surface speed in either feet or meters per minute.b) In the direct r.p.m mode (G97), the four digit S word is used to command the

spindle speeds incrementally, in r.p.m., between the ranges available for the machine.

c) Prior to entering constant surface speed mode (9G96) the S word is used to specify a speed constraint, the maximum speed you wish the spindle to run at. To set this restraint the S word is programmed in conjunction with the G50 word.

T WORD:-The T words are used in conjunction with “M06”. Those are used to call up the

required tool on an automatic indexing turret machine, and to activate its tool offsets. M WORD:-

An M word is used to initiate auxiliary functions particular to the machine. One M code can be programmed with in one program block together with other part program information.M- CODE LIST FOR DENFORD FANUC LATHES :-

All M Codes marked with an asterisk will be executed at the end of a block (i.e., after the axis movement).NOTE: - NOT ALL M CODES ARE AVAILABLE ON EACH MACHINE.

* M00 PROGRAM STOP* M01 OPTIONAL STOP* M02 PROGRAM RESET

M03 SPINDLE FORWARDM04 SPINDLE REVERSE

* M05 SPINDLE STOPM06 AUTO TOOL CHANGEM07 COOLANT "B" ONM08 COOLANT "A" ON

* M09 COOLANT OFFM10 CHUCK OPENM11 CHUCK CLOSE

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M13 SPINDLE FORWARD & COOLANT ONM14 SPINDLE REVERSE & COOLANT ONM15 PROGRAM INPUT USING."MIN P" (SPECIAL FUNCTION)M16 SPECIALTOOL CALL (TOOL CALL IGNORES TURRET)M19 SPINDLE ORIENTATEM20 SPINDLE INDEX AM21 SPINDLE INDEX 2AM22 SPINDLE INDEX 3AM23 SPINDLE INDEX 4AM25 QUILL EXTENDM26 QUILL RETRACTM29 SELECT "DNC" MODEM30 PROGRAM RESET & REWINDM31 INCREMENT PARTS COUNTERM37 DOOR OPEN TO STOPM38 DOOR OPENM39 DOOR CLOSEM40 PARTS CATCHER EXTENDM41 PARTS CATCHER RETRACTM43 SWARF CONVEYOR FORWARDM44 SWARF CONVEYOR REVERSEM45 SWARF CONVEYOR STOPM48 LOCK % FEED AND % SPEED AT 100%M49 CANCEL M48 (DEFAILT)M50 WAIT FOR AXIS IN POSITION SIGNAL (CANCELS

CONTINUOUS PATH)M51 CANCEL M50 (DEFAILT)M52 PULL-OUT IN THREADING = 90 DEGRESS (DEFAILT)M53 CANCEL M52M54 DISABLE SPINDLE FLUCTUATION TESTING (DEFAILT)M56 SELECT INTERNAL CHUCKING (FROM PLC EDITION "F")M57 SELECT EXTERNAL CHUCKING (FROM PLC EDITION "F")M62 AUX.1 ONM63 AUX.2 ONM64 AUX.1 OFFM65 AUX.2 OFFM98 SUB PROGRAM CALLM99 SUB PROGRAM END

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1. FACING CYCLE

[BILLET X25 Z70] G21 G98;G28 U0W0;M06 T1 ;( FACING TOOL)M03 S1200;G00 X26 Z0;G94 X0 Z-0.5 F50;

Z-1.0

Z-1.5

Z-2.0

Z-2.5

Z-3.0

Z-3.5

Z-4.0

Z-4.5

Z-5.0

Z-5.5

Z-6.0

Z-6.5

Z-7.0

Z-7.5

Z-8.0

Z-8.5

Z-9.0

Z-9.5

Z-10.0

G28 U0W0;

M05;

M30;

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2. TURNING CYCLE

[BILLET X28 Z70] G21 G98;G28 U0W0;M06 T1 ;( FACING TOOL)M03 S1000;G00 X25 Z1;G94 X24 Z45 F50;

X23

X22

X21

X20

X19 Z-40

X18

X17

X16

X15

X14 Z-20

X13

X12

X11

X10

G28 U0W0;

M05;

M30;

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3. LINEAR & CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION (Milling)

G21 G94

G91 G28 Z0

G28 X0 Y0

M06 T06

M03 S1300

G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z5

[S]

G00 X2 Y30

G01 Z-1 F60

G01 X10 Y30

G03 X15 Y35 R5

G01 X15 Y37.5

G03 X10 Y42.5 R5

G01 X17 Y42.5

G02 X2 Y50

G02 X7 Y55 R5

G01 X15 Y55

G00 Z2

[V]

G00 X20 Y55

G01 Z-1 F60

G01 X27.5 Y30

G01 X33 Y55

G00 Z2

[C]

G00 X51 Y55

G01 Z-1 F60

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G01 X43 Y55

G03 X38 Y50 R5

G01 X38 Y35

G03 X43 Y30 R5

G01 X51 Y30

G00 Z2

[E]

G00 X69 Y55

G01 Z-1F60

G01 X56 Y55

G01 X56 Y42.5

G01 X69 Y42.5

G01 X56 Y42.5

G01 X56 Y30

G01 X69 Y30

G00 Z2

[T]

G00 X81.5 Y30

G01 Z-1 F60

G01 X81.5 Y55

G01 X74 Y55

G01 X87 Y55

G00 Z2

G91 G28 Z0

G28 X0Y0

M05

M30

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CFD

ANALYSIS

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CFD ANALYSIS OF STEAM NOZZLE

AIM: To Determine the velocity and pressure distribution in Steam Nozzle.(Boundary

conditions of -Inlet Mass flow rate=0.05kg/s, Outlet pressure 1 bar)

Step 1.Create 3D model in solid works as showing above 2D drawing.

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Step2: Export to .IGS format.

Step 3.File>Save as>file name (nozzle.igs) >Save.

Open ICEM CFD Software,

(Start>All programs>Ansys-14>Meshing>ICEM CFD 14)

Step4:Nozzle.igs file Import to ICEM CFD

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(File>Import Geometry>STEP/IGS>Apply

After importing Nozzle.igs File,(Click model>Geometry click display and surfaces) it

will identify. And mean while change parts name(like Inlet,Outlet names

Step5:Geometry>repair geometry and Build Topology Tolerance valve 0.09>Apply.

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Step6: Mesh>Global Mesh step up>Click Volume meshing parameters

Give Global Element Scale Parameters>Scale factor =1> max element 0.>Apply.

Step 7 Go to Compute mesh>select Compute(Tetrahedral mesh creating).

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\

Step 8:Select output >output solver>output solver>Ansys CFX>Ansys>Apply.

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Click Write input>give file name>save>if you want change directory, change Done.

Visible volume mesh,

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Step9: Save mesh file

Step10 : Open CFX Software,

(Start>All programs>Ansys-14>Fluid Dynamics>CFX 14>Click CFX-Pre.14.0)

Meshing completed.

Start Analysis in CFX-Pre processing

Step 11: File> new case>General >OK>OK

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Step12: Import ICEM CFD file in to CFX-Pre.

Create Domain and Boundary conditions (Inlet, outlet, materials>Fluid>steam3>OK

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Boundary conditions: Inlet: mass flow rate: 0.05kg/s

Outlet: Average pressure: 1 bar.

Step 13.Solver the problem: Solver control>

Define run>File name>save. Start run.

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Now go to post processing Results:

Launch post processing Results, OK.

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Counter plot Results (velocity and Pressure)

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ansys lab manual.doc

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