Answer Keys · Web viewSuperior orbital fissure 17. Alveolar process 7. Temporal bone 18. Maxillary bone (maxilla) 8. Ethmoid bone 19. Vomer bone 9. Sphenoid bone 20. Mental foramen
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Answer Keys To Lab NotebookLab 1
Part A Diagram (p. 1)
1. Frontal 17. Inguinal
2. Orbital 18. Pelvic
3. Nasal 19. Coxa.
4. Buccal 20. Carpal
5. Oral 21. Palmar
6. Mental 22. Digital
7. Cervical 23. Pollex
8. Thoracic (pectoral) 24. Pubic
9. Acromial 25. Femoral
10. Axillary 26. Patellar
11. Sternal 27. Crural
12. Brachial 28. Fibular (peroneal)
13. Antecubital 29. Tarsal
14. Abdominal 30. Digital (phalangeal)
15. Antebrachial 31. Hallux
16. Umbilical 32. Pedal
Part A Diagram (p. 2)
33. Cephalic 41. Sacral
34. Otic 42. Gluteal
35. Occipital 43. Perineal
36. Scapular 44. Manus
37. Vertebral 45. Popliteal
38. Dorsal 46. Sural
39. Lumbar 47. Calcaneal
40. Olecranal 48. Plantar
Part B Table (p.3)
Cavity Major Organs
1. Thoracic
a. Pleural cavities Lungs
b. Mediastinum Pericardial cavity, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea
4. Interstitial lamella – incomplete lamella lying between intact Haversian systems; concetric lamella – rings of lamella making up each osteon; circumferential lamella – lamella extentending around the entire circumference of the bone shaft
Part B Diagram (p.58)
1. Epiphysis 6. Medullary cavity (lined with endosteum)
2. Diaphysis 7. Yellow marrow
3. Epiphysis 8. Compact bone
4. Cancellous bone 9. Periosteum
5. Epiphyseal plate
Part C Questions (p.60-61)
1. Hyaline cartilage 4. Absence of blood supply
2. Following puberty 5.
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3. YesCartilage Bone
Absent Nerves Present
Absent Blood vessels Present
Absent Lymph channels Present
Organic Matrix typeOrganic & inorganic
Lab 15
Part A2: Vertebral Landmarks (p.64)
1. Spinous process 6. Pedicle
2. Lamina 7. Demifacet
3. Facet 8. Vertebral foramen
4. Transverse process 9. Body
5. Superior articular process
Part A3: Atlas (p.64)
1. Anterior arch 4. Transverse foramen
2. Superior articular process 5. Posterior arch
3. Transverse process 6. Vertebral foramen
Part A4: Axis (p.64)
1. Odontoid process 3. Transverse process
2. Superior articular process 4. Spinous process
Part A5: Sacrum & Coccyx (p.65)
1. Ala 6. Sacral canal
2. Sacral promontory 7. Articular fossa for ilium
3. Body 8. Sacral foramina
4. Coccyx 9. Sacral hiatus
5. Superior articular process
Part A Questions (p.66)
1. Transverse foramina, small bifid (split at the tip) spinous process
2. Vertebral arteries pass through transverse foramina on both sides to service the brain
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3. Intervertebral discs which are made of fibrocartilage
4. Spinal nerves
5. Head of rib articulates with demifacet on the thoracic vertebrae body. The tubercle of rib articulates with facet on transverse process of thoracic vertebrae.
1. Used to locate region for compression during CPR
2. Yes
3. By individual costal cartilages
Part B2: Ribs (p.67)
1. Tubercle 5. Neck
2. Facet of rib 6. Shaft or body
3. Costal groove 7. Sternal end
4. Head of rib
Part B2 Questions (p.68)
1. Vertebral end comprises of a facet and a demifacet
2. First pair is flattened and broad forming a horizontal plate
3. The head of the rib articulates with the bodies of the thoracic vertebra by two facets: one articulates with the demifacet of the same-numbered thoracic vertebra, the other articulates with the demifacet of the thoracic vertebra immediately superior. The tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the same-numbered thoracic vertebra.
4. Intercostal space
5. Intercostal nerves and blood vessels
6. True (vertebrosternal) ribs because they attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages.
7. False (vertebrochondral) ribs. Rib pairs 8-10 attach to the sternum indirectly; each joins the costal cartilage immediately above.
8. Floating ribs because they have no anterior attachment.
9. Top figure.
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Part C1: Anterior Aspect of Skull (p.69)
1. Frontal (coronal) suture 12. Inferior orbital fissure
5. Muscle fiber (cell) 14. I band 23. Thin (actin) filament
6. Endomysium 15. A band 24. Myosin head
7. Nucleus 16. Z disc 25. Thick (myosin) filament
8. Myofibril 17. H band
9. Myofibril 18. M line
Part B Questions (p.92)
1. Calcium (Ca2+) ions
2. Sarcolemma
3. Muscle contraction is controlled by action potentials travelling along sarcolemma. Since t-tubules are continuations of the sarcolemma, they conduct impulses (action potential) deep into the muscle fiber.
4. Binding of Ca2+
5. Tropomyosin strand moves away from actin’s binding sites
6. As myosin heads bind to the active sites on the actin myofilament, it changes from its high-energy, “cocked” position to its low-energy shape, which pulls on the thin filament, sliding it toward the center of the sarcomere.
7. As a new ATP molecule binds to the myosin heads, the myosin heads detach from actin
8. Hydrolysis of ATP into ADP + P i provides the energy needed to return the myosin head to its high-energy, or “cocked,” position.
1. Process of ciliary muscles contracting and releasing tension on the suspensory ligaments of the lens. As a resut, the lens thickens to focus on a near object.
2. A condition resulting in the loss of near focusing ability due to decreased elasticity in the lens as one ages
3. At twilight, it is not dark enough to fully activate the rods for night vision and there is not enough light to fully activate the cones for vision in bright light
4. Carrots contain vitamin A which is necessary to form the visual pigment retinal
5. Because rods stop functioning in low-intensity light and rods pigments have been bleached out by the bright light, and the rods are still initially inhibited
6. Optic chiasm is superior and anterior to the sella turcica where the pituitary gland (hypophysis) sits. Any 139
tumors or enlargements of the pituitary gland can compress the optic chiasm causing visual impairments or blindness
7. The lacrimal canals (sacs) drain the eye to the nasal cavity. Infections from the throat can spread to the nasal cavity and reach the lacrimal sac to the eye
8. Condition in which intraocular pressure (due to blocked drainage of the aqueous humor) increases to levels that cause compression of the retina and optic nerve, resulting in blindness
9. Inability to supply mitochondria with nutrients to the eye, resulting in blindness
Lab 18
Part A: Diagram (p.117)
1. Outer Ear 4. Pinna
2. Middle Ear 5. External auditory canal
3. Inner Ear
Part A: Diagrams (p.118)
6. Malleus 16. Saccule
7. Tensor tympani muscle 17. Utricle
8. Incus 18. Ampulla
9. Stapedius muscle 19. Vestibule
10. Stapes 20. Oval window
11. Tympanic membrane 21. Vestibular nerve
12. Eustachian or auditory tube 22. Cochlear nerve
13. Bony labyrinth 23. Cochlea
14. Membranous labyrinth 24. Stapes in oval window
15. Semicircular canal 25. Cupula of crista ampullaris
Part B: Diagram (p.119)
1. Cochlea 5. Tectorial membrane
2. Scala vestibuli 6. Organ of Corti
3. Scala media or cochlear duct 7. Basilar membrane