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ANSC 4

Chapter 3 : Meat and Bones

Objectives

ID and describe the major structures and functions of the musculoskeletal system

Describe bone anatomy termsDifferentiate between the axial and

appendicular termsRecognize, define, spell, and pronounce

terms related to diagnosis, pathology, and treatment

Warm Up

Do you use more muscles frowning or smiling?

Structures of the Skeletal System

Bone: a form of connective tissue, hardest in the bodyOssification: formation of boneCombining forms

Oste/o, oss/e, oss/i

Cartilage: another form of connective tissue, more elastic than bonesCombining form: chondr/o

Ossification Parts of the process

Bone growth is balanced between the following: OsteoBlasts:

immature bone cells that produce bony tissue

Build OsteoClasts:

phagocytic cells that eat away boney tissue

Cut Osteocytes: mature

osteoblast

Joints/Articulations Connections between

bonesTYPES:

Diarthroses Pivot or trochoid (Skull to neck) Ball and socket/ spheroid (Hip) Saddle Hinge/ ginglymus (Knee) Condyloid/ arthrodial (Wrist) Gliding

Synarthoroses Suture : (skull)

Amphiarthroses Symphysis : (pelvic girdle)

Joint Parts

Bursa Fibrous sac that acts as

a cushion to ease movement in the areas of friction

Synovial membrane and fluid Secretes synovial fluid,

which acts like a lubricant to make joint movement smooth

Air bubbles = joint cracking! This can cause damage resulting in arthritis type symptoms

Axial Skeleton : Parts

Top to bottom Cranium

Frontal, parietal, occipital, (Formen/ Magnum) temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, incisive, pterygoid

Face Zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine,

lacrimal, incisive, nasal, vomer, nasal septum, hyoid

Back ( Spinal / vertebral column) Vertebrae, body, arch, lamina, spinous

process, transverse process, articular process, foramen, vertebral foramen, intervertebral discs

Ribs Sternum, manubrium, body, xiphoid

process, thoracic cavity/ rib cage

Human Skeleton

Think about it: Humans are mammals Many animals are related

throughout evolution

Do the human practice sheet.

Print an animal skeleton and color the coordinating bone structures so they match the human skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton : parts

From the Front Scapula, clavicle, humerus,

radius, ulna, carpal bones, metcarpals, splint bones, phalanges, digits, ungulates (hooves), pastern bones,

To the Back Pelvis, ilium, ischium, femur,

femoral head and neck, patella, stifle joints, tibia, fibula, tarsus (small animals), hock

Testing… Testing…

Arthocentesis: removal of liquid from a joint of analysis

Arthography: inject contrast material for radiographic testing

Arthoscopy: visually examine a joint using a fiber optic scope

Radiology: study internal structures (Xrays)

Common Aliments of Bones

Arthritis: inflammation of joints causing pain Rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune disorder of the connective

tissues and joints

Hip Dysplasia: abnormal development of pelvic joint. Head of femur and acetabulum do not align. (large breed dogs)

Luxation: dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint Subluxation: partial dislocation

Osteoporosis: abnormal loss of bone density, increase in porosity

Medial Luxating Patella ( Toy Dog)

Closer view of knee with medial luxating patella. Instead of riding up and down normal groove patella is off to the side

Types of Fractures

Muscles : Types

Ligament vs. Tendon

Ligament:Band of fibrous

connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone

TendonBand of fibrous

connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

How Muscles are labeled:

Positional: Pector: Chest Epaxial: above Intercostal: between the ribs Infra/Supra-spinatus: beneath or below/above Inferior: below or deep Medius: middle Superior: above Ex/In-ternus: outer/inner Orbicularis: surrounding

Muscle Labeling contin…

Directional:Rectus: straightOblique: slantedTransverse: crosswiseSphincter: tight band

Numerical PartsBi: 2Tri: 3Quad: 4

Muscle Labeling…

Size:Minimus: SmallMaximus/ vastus: LargeLongissimus/gracilis: NarrowLatissimus: BroadMajorMinor

Muscle Labeling: Last Slide!

ShapeDeltoid: triangleQuadratus: square or 4 sidedRhomboideus: diamondScalenus: Unequally 3-sidedSerratus: saw toothedTeres: cylindrical

Work to complete

Represent the different types of musclesSheet of paperExplain what they doWhere might your find them?

Finish chapter reviewsFinish chptr3 worksheets