Annual report IRES-09

ANNUAL REPORT 2008-2009

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 0 9

UCL - IMMAQ

I R E S Institut de RecherchesÉconomiques et Sociales

Edition octobre 2009Rédaction: Frédéric DocquierMaquette: Dominos Snyers© photos p. 36, 58 & couverture: Istockphoto

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FOREWORD

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This annual report provides a comprehensive overview of the research output and activities of the Institute for Economic and Social Research (IRES) for the academic year 2008-2009, starting on September 1, 2008 and ending on August 31, 2009. IRES is a research center of the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL). The center was founded in 1928. With the Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE) and the Institut de Statistique (STAT-ACTU), IRES now belongs to the Institute of multidisciplinary research for quantitative modeling and analysis (IMMAQ). Within IMMAQ, IRES has its own research policy, affiliated researchers and administrative staff. This report provides information about IRES scientific activities.

Since its creation, IRES has always promoted deep interactions between fundamental research, applied research and policy recommendations in economics. Hence, our 15 faculty members, 5 experienced researchers, 32 young researchers publish articles in leading international journals and have a solid experience in advising policy makers and international institutions on various issues related to the labor market, business cycles and macroeconomic policies, growth policies, development and migration policies, and trade policy, just to name a few.

The scientific output of IRES during the academic year 2008-2009 can be summarized as following:

• IRES members published 3 books and 34 articles in peer-reviewed journals, and 14 papers are forthcoming. They also produced 23 book chapters, 19 articles in non-refereed journals and a large number of discussion papers.

• IRES members published many articles in leading non-specialized journals (such as American Economic Review, Review of Economic Studies, Economic Journal, etc.), in top-field journals (such as Journal of International Economics, Journal of Development Economics, Journal of Economic Growth, Review of Economic Dynamics, etc.), and in leading cross-field journals (such as Population and Development Review, Nonlinear Analysis TMA, etc.). Between 2000 and 2007, IRES faculty members published 21 articles in such leading journals. In 2008-2009, they published 17 papers (including 3 forthcoming papers). High-quality international publication is clearly on the rise.

• Citation records of our faculty members are on the rise as well. Focusing on the five most cited papers per author, our faculty members have more than 500 citations in leading journals (using the Science Citations Index). Over the last 12 months, the papers authored by our staff have given rise to 82 abstract views and 25 file downloads per day (using RePEc authors’ access statistics). On average, IRES members are cited 25 times a year and 9 of our contributions have been cited more than 100 times in the economic literature (using Google Scholar).

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• IRES members gave 36 seminars, 50 talks in workshops and conferences and made 13 visits of some duration abroad. We organized two local conferences and participated to the scientific committees of many other events. Many research seminars were organized in our institutions and drained many speakers and participants (the Séminaires Economiques de Louvain, the Macroeconomics Lunch Seminars and the Séminaires de Politique Economique).

• IRES has 21 extramural fellows from foreign universities who regularly collaborate with our staff members. Most of our members are involved in international and specialized scientific networks.

• IRES houses a high number of PhD students. During the period covered by this report, we housed 32 researchers while 11 doctoral theses were defended.

IRES also provided works that are of direct relevance for policy and decision makers out of the university and promote exchanges with extramural scholars.

• Every quarter, the Service d’Analyse Economique produces a detailed analysis of short-term economic prospects in Belgium, complemented with forecasts for the Belgian economy.

• Through our series Regards Economiques, IRES members are more and more involved in socio-economic debates and contribute more directly to the understanding of socio-economic issues. Ten issues of Regards Economiques were published in 2008-2009.

• Our staff members also wrote 4 reports for international institutions and were requested to advise national and international institutions such as the World Bank, the OECD, the Federal Planning Bureau, the Conseil Central de l’Economie, IWEPS...

The eight chapters of this report provide a detailed description of IRES composition and scientific activities. I thank everyone who contributed to IRES production. Special thanks are due to Bruno Van der Linden, Vincent Bodart, Claudine Stage and Paul Olbrechts for their help in the elaboration of this report.

I wish you a pleasant reading.

Frédéric Docquier IRES Research Director

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Contents

IRES STAFF

PUBLICATIONS AND SCIENTIFIC IMPACT

RESEARCH IN MACROECONOMICS

LABOR ECONOMICS, SOCIAL POLICIES AND EvALUATION

RESEARCH IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

RESEARCH ON INTERDISCPLINARy TOPICS

INTERACTIONS WITH DECISION-MAKERS

EvENTS AND EXCHANGES

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IRES Staff

This chapter lists the names, functions and fields of expertise of our faculty members, administrative staff, experienced researchers, early-stage researchers and extramural fellows.

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Vincent BODART, Professor of Economics, is specialized in international monetary economics (analysis of exchange rate movements and exchange rate crisis), the analysis of business cycles, and the study of key macroeconomic relationships between aggregate variables and of macroeconomic policies, mainly in Belgium. He is supervising the production and publication of short-term forecasts and works on the monitoring the Belgian economy. He is co-editor of Regards Economiques and member of the editorial board of Reflets et Perspectives de la Vie Economique.

Isabelle CASSIERS, Professor of Economics and FNRS Research associate, is specialized in economic and social history (1944 to present time), growth and crisis, institutions, social bargaining and economic policy. She is building new indicators of prosperity beyond GDP.

Raouf BOUCEKKINE, Professor of Economics, is specialized in mathematical methods (especially optimal control and dynamic systems), growth theory (vintage capital models, technological progress, etc.) and mathematical and economic demography. He is associate editor of Mathematical Population Studies, Mathematical Social Sciences, Journal of Public Economic Theory, member of the editorial board of Investigaciones Economicas.

Muriel DEJEMEPPE, Professor of Economics, is specialized in microeconometrics, labor economics and the evaluation of Labor Market Programs. She is co-editor of Regards Economiques.

1.Faculty members

In 2008-2009, IRES had 14 faculty members:

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David DE LA CROIX, Professor of Economics, is specialized in growth theory, human capital and demography, overlapping generations. He is member of the editorial board of Fiscal Studies, Cliometrica, Louvain Economic Review, and associate editor of Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control.

Philippe DE VILLE, Emeritus Professor of Economics, is member of the Board of trustees and scientific coordinator of LEAD (Laboratoire d’Economie Appliquée au Développement) and Professor at the Catholic University of Bukavu (Democratic Republic of Congo). He is specialized in the study of anthropological and economic roots of underdevelopment equilibria, institutions/governance and underdevelopment, sustainable development, inequality and poverty in underdevelopment.

Michel DE VROEY, Emeritus Professor of Economics,is specialized in history of macroeconomics from Keynes up to the present. He is the editor of Louvain Economic Review/Recherches Economiques de Louvain.

Frédéric DOCQUIER, Professor of Economics and FNRS Research Associate, is specialized in growth and development economics, international migration, computable general equilibrium models. In November 2008, he was awarded the Developing Countries Prize from The Justus-Liebig-University Giessen for his joint work with Hillel Rapoport on Brain Drain and Economic Development. He is member of the editorial board of Regards Economiques.

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IRES STAFF

Marthe NYSSENS, Professor of Economics, studies conceptual approaches to the third sector and social enterprises, both in developed and developing countries, as well as on the links between third sector organizations and public policies. She is member of the editorial advisory board of Voluntary Sector Review, Journal of Social Enterprise, Journal of Social Entrepreneurship.

Céline POILLY, Professor of Economics, is specialized in monetary macroeconomics, the simulation and estimation of dynamics stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models, the analysis of the determinants of aggregate fluctuations including monetary policy shocks, credit and labor market rigidities.

Henri SNEESSENS, Professor of Economics, is specialized in macroeconomics, labor economics, monetary economics, and quantitative methods. He is member of the editorial board of Revue d’économie politique and Economie et Statistiques, associate editor of Economie et Prévision.

Vincent VANDENBERGHE, Professor of Economics, is specialized in the economics of human capital, firm productivity and workforce characteristics, labor economics, applied econometrics.

... Faculty members

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Bruno VAN DER LINDEN, Professor of Economics and FNRS Research associate, is specialized in labor and public economics, the analysis of optimal labor taxation and evaluation of labor market policies and institutions. Since 2009, he has been part of the counselling mission of the research team at the Conseil Central de l’Economie.

Hylke VANDENBUSSCHE, Professor of Economics,is specialized in international economics, empirical trade, WTO-antidumping, trade policy, program evaluation, tax competition. She is the current holder of the Jacquemin Chair, which was created in honor of Alexis Jacquemin. The Chair is sponsored by private donations of family, friends, colleagues and admirers of Jacquemin to stimulate the research and teaching of European issues at UCL.

Daniel WEISERBS, Professor of Economics, is specialized in macroeconomics and econometrics.

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The IRES administrative staff is made of :

Paul OLBRECHTS• , Administrative DIrector

Anne DAVISTER• , publications and logistics

Jean-Claude FISCHER• , IT specialist

Jean-Pierre LEMAITRE• , Head of logistics (related to econometric and statistical analyses, softwares)

Cécile MODAVE• , data manager

Claudine STAGE• , finance, mobility and promotion of research activities

Sébastien SCHILLINGS• , library, communication, editorial office of Louvain Economic Review

Carmen CAMACHO, Post-doc researcher• , is specialized in growth theory and regional economics.

Cyriaque EDON, Post-doc researcher• , is specialized in econometric theory, applied econometrics, microeconomics, issues related to the labor market and female labor supply. In July 2009, Cyriaque received the “Prix de thèse” from the University Panthéon-Assas (Paris II).

Andrey LAUNOV, Post-doc researcher• , is specialized in microeconometrics, labor economics and population economics.

Luca PENSIEROSO, Post-doc researcher• , is specialized in macroeconomics, growth and business cycle theory, history of economic thought, economic history.

Fatemeh SHADMAN MEHTA, Senior researcher• , is specialized in time-series econometrics, macroeconomics and the analysis of business cycle indicators. She is invited professor at the department of economics.

3. Experienced researchers

In 2008-2009, IRES had 5 experienced researchers:

2. Administrative staff

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Andrea ARIU• , international trade in services (supervised by Hylke Vandenbussche).

Youyou BAENDE-BOFOTA• (supervised by Philippe De Villé).

Anna BATYRA• (supervised by Henri Sneessens).

Jean-François CARPANTIER• , teaching assistant (admitted by Luc Bauwens).

Bastien CHABE-FERRET• , economics of education, growth and inequality, fertility differentials (supervised by Raouf Boucekkine).

Ana Maria DIAZ ESCOBAR• , labor economics, microeconometrics focused on job search, migration, Colombian economy (supervised by Bart Cockx).

Chiara FARRONATO• , teaching assistant (admitted by François Maniquet).

Tanguy ISAAC• , game theory, economic theory, information revelation, intergenerational problems (supervised by Raouf Boucekkine).

Aysegul KAYAOGLU• , macroeconomics, economics of migration, policy implications of the brain drain (supervised by Frédéric Docquier).

Arastou KHATIBI• , international trade theory and contingent protection (supervised by Hylke Vandenbussche).

Hélène LATZER• , growth and development, economics of epidemic (supervised by Raouf Boucekkiine).

Elisabetta LODIGIAN• I, skilled migration, diaspora externalities and remittances (supervised by Frédéric Docquier).

Luca MARCHIORI• , computable general equilibrium modeling, international migration, growth (supervised by Frédéric Docquier).

Claudio MATTALIA• (supervised by Raouf Boucekkine).

Bénédicte MEERT• , geographical approach of the brain drain, new economic geography, migration and redistribution issues (supervised by Frédéric Docquier and Jacques Thisse).

Paolo MELINDI GHIDI• , population dynamics, economics of minorities, growth (supervised by David de la Croix).

Concetta MENDOLICCHIO• (supervised by Vincent Vandenberghe and Raouf Boucekkine).

José MOURELLE• , monetary macroeconomics, fiscal and monetary policies (supervised by Henri Sneessens).

Stéphane NASSAUT• (supervised by Marthe Nyssens).

4. Early-stage researchers

In 2008-2009, IRES had 32 young researchers, including doctoral students and assistants:

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Ileana NEAGU• , international migration, international economics, microeconometrics (supervised by Frédéric Docquier).

Fabien NGENDAKURIYO• , development macroeconomics, new institutional economics of growth and development (supervised by Raouf Boucekkine).

Sofia PESSOA E COSTA• , evaluation of public policies, mainly policies that aim at getting the unemployed back to work, training programs or control of job search efforts (supervised by Muriel Dejemeppe).

Matteo PICCHIO• , evaluation of labor market policies and microeconometrics (supervised by Bart Cockx).

Laura ROVEGNO• , impact of trade policy on domestic markets, impact of contingent protection on market power such as antidumping and counterveiling duties (supervised by Hylke Vandenbussche).

Sara SALOMONE• , gender dimension of the brain drain, role of diaspora networks and immigration policies (supervised by Frédéric Docquier).

Vincent SCOURNEAU• , applied econometrics (supervised by Daniel Weiserbs).

I-Ling SHEN• , migration, growth, development, public economics (supervised by Frédéric Docquier).

Alexandre SIMONS• , economic development, links between FDI and technology transfers (supervised by Raouf Boucekkine).

Aminata SISSOKO• , evaluation of a R&D subsidies programs, firms’ performances (supervised by Hylke Vandenbussche).

Géraldine THIRY• , national accounting, alternative indicators to GDP, measurement of well-being (supervised by Isabelle Cassiers).

Pierre-Germain UMHIRE• , articulation of microfinance and ROSCAs in West-Africa (supervised by Marthe Nyssens).

Christian VIEGELAHN• , Antidumping Policy, Trade Policy of Developing Countries, Policy Evaluation, Econometric Analysis of Firm Performance (supervised by Hylke Vandenbussche).

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Michèle BELOT (Nuffield College, Oxford)•

Robert BOYER (Paris School of Economics)•

Bart COCKX (University of Gent)•

Patricia CRIFO (Université de Paris-Ouest Nanterre and •Ecole Polytechnique)

Matthias DOEPKE (Northwestern University)•

Jean-François FAGNART (CEREC, Facultés Universitaires •Saint-Louis)

Marc GERMAIN (Université de Lille 3)•

Marc GURGAND (Paris School of Economics)•

Guillaume HORNY (Banque de France)•

Laurence JACQUET (Norwegian School of Economics •and Business Administration)

Ludovic JULIEN (Université Paris Ouest-Nanterre La •Défense)

Andrey LAUNOV (University of Würzburg)•

Etienne LEHMANN (CREST - INSEE)•

Omar LICANDRO (European University Institute, •Firenze)

Alexis PARMENTIER (Université d’Evry-Val-D’Essonne)•

Olivier PIERRARD (Central Bank of Luxembourg)•

Hillel RAPOPORT (Bar-Ilan University)•

Stéphane ROBIN (Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg)•

José Ramon RUIZ TAMARIT (University of Valencia)•

Vincent VAN STEENBERGHE (Belgian Federal Public •Service for Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment, Brussels)

Klaus WAELDE (University of Glasgow)•

5. Extramural fellows

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Publications and scientific impact

This chapter lists articles published by IRES researchers during the academic year 2008-2009 or forthcoming. It also provides some standard statistics assessing the scientific impact of the faculty members. It finally provides details on the doctoral training program.

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During the academic year (from September 2008 to August 2009), IRES members have published 34 papers and have 14 papers forthcoming in peer-re-viewed journals (i.e. a total of 48 papers listed below). Focusing on publications authored by the 15 current faculty members only, IRES members’ names were included in the list of authors or co-authors of 26 pa-pers published in 2008, and 28 papers published in 2009 or forthcoming. Since 2004, the number of ar-ticles published in peer-reviewed journals has stead-ily increased, as shown on the following figure. This reflects the objective of our institution to promote high-quality academic research and publications in international journals.

In addition, 23 book chapters were published in 2008-2009 or are forthcoming, and 19 papers were published in non-refereed journals. These contribu-tions will be listed in the sections below.

1. Number of publications 2004-2009s

Counts of papers (co-) authored by IRES faculty members per year

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

The following table summarizes IRES scientific out-put/impact. More details can be found in the sections below. Our faculty members published 26 papers in 2008 in peer-reviewed journals, and 28 papers were published in 2009 or are forthcoming. These include 17 papers published or forthcoming in leading non-specialized and top-field journals (9 in 2008 and 8 in 2009). On average, IRES faculty members are cited 18.5 times a year (HPP index) and have 9 papers cited more than 100 times in journal articles and working papers (HPP index), or 8 papers cited more than 20 times in published journal articles (SCI index). Over the last 12 months, our publications gave rise to 82.2 abstract views per day (a total of 29,994) and 25 file downloads per day (a total of 9141).

Summary statistics

Period/Date Number

Publications in peer-reviewed journals 2008 26

2009+forth. 28

Publications in leading journals 2008 9

2009+forth. 8

Paper with more than 100 citations (HPP) September 09 9

Average cites/year (HPP) 2004-2009 18.5

Papers with more than 20 citations (SCI) August 09 8

Abstract views per day (RePEc) Last 12 months 82,2

File downloads per day (RePEc) Last 12 months 25.0


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Bearing in mind the limits of impact factors and indi-cators, we use here several metrics to assess the sci-entific impact of our faculty members’ publications: the HPP index based on Google Scholar, the SCI index and RePEc authors’ access statistics.

Harzing’s Publish or Perish index (HPP)

HPP looks up scholarly citations and calculates a number of citations and impact statistics by field. Raw citations are obtained from Google Scholar. To minimize the risk of counting scores of homonyms, we restrict our sample to the field of “Business, Administration, Finance and Economics” and to the periods 1995-2009, 2004-2009 and 2008-2009. Our authors’ access statistics only concerns the faculty members affiliated with IRES. We use the average number of citations per year, the h-index (defined by J.E. Hirsch to measure the cumulative impact of a researcher’s output by looking at the amount of citation his/her work has received: a scientist has index h if h of his/her N papers have at least h citations each, and the other (N-h) papers have no more than h citations each), the g-index (defined by L. Egghe in 2006, it corrects the h-index by giving more weight to highly-cited articles), the number of citations of each author’s most cited paper, and the number of papers with at least 100 citations. The statistics below were computed on August 25, 2009.

Focusing on the period 1995-2009, the average score of the 14 current faculty members and for the top-5 authors are the following:

• the average number of citations per year equals 25.2, and 56.6 for the top-5 authors;

• the average h-index equals 7.7, and 12.8 for the top-5 authors;

2. Scientific impact

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• the average g-index equals 14.3, and 25.6 for the top-5 authors;

• on average, each member’s most cited paper is cited 79.8 times, and 174.6 times for the top-5 authors;

• the number of papers cited more than 100 times per member equals 0.6, and 1.8 for the top-5 authors.

The average numbers of citations per year amount to 25.2 on 1995-2009, 18.5 on 2004-2009 and 10.8 on 2008-2009. For the top-5 authors, the numbers are 56.6, 42.1 and 26.1, respectively. Obviously, comparisons are biased by the fact that the year 2009 is not completed yet.

Influential contributions to the literature

Let us now look at the papers published by current IRES Faculty members with at least 100 citations. At the beginning of September, the following 9 publica-tions were cited more than 100 times in the literature, a threshold which can reasonably be used to define an influential paper:

• 385 citations for Beine, M., F. Docquier and H. Rapoport (2001), “Brain drain and economic growth: theory and evidence”, Journal of Development Economics 64 (1): 275-289.

• 251 citations for Rapoport, H. and F. Docquier (2006), The Economics of Migrant’s Remittances, in: Mercier-Ythier, J. and S.C. Kolm, Handbook of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity, Elsevier North-Holland.

• 200 citations for de la Croix, D. and Ph. Michel (2002), A Theory of Economic Growth : Dynamics and Policy in Overlapping Generations, Publisher: Cambridge University Press.

• 154 citations for de la Croix, D. and M. Doepke (2003), “Inequality and growth: why differential fertility matters”, American Economic Review 93, 1091-1113.

• 150 citations for Boucekkine, R. D; de la Croix and O. Licandro (2002), “Vintage human capital, demographic trends and endogenous growth”, Journal of Economic Theory 104, 340-375.

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• 122 citations for Boucekkine, R., M. Germain and O. Licandro (1997), “Replacement echoes in the vintage capital growth model”, Journal of Economic Theory. 74 (2): 333-348.

• 109 citations for Docquier, F. and A. Marfouk (2006), “International migration by educational attainment (1990-2000)”, in C. Ozden and M. Schiff (eds). International Migration, Remittances and Development, Palgrave Macmillan: New York.

• 104 citations for Docquier, F. and H. Rapoport (2009), Skilled migration: the perspective of developing countries, in: Bhagwati, J. and G. Hanson, Skilled migration: prospects, problems and policies, Russels Sage Foundation, New York.

• 103 citations for de la Croix, D. and O. Licandro (1999), “Life expectancy and endogenous growth”, Economics Letters 65, 255-263.

A dozen other publications were cited more than 50 times, including:

• 86 citations for Sneessens, H. and J. Drèze (1986), A discussion of Belgian unemployment, combining traditional concepts and desequilibrium, Economica 53 (210S): 89-119.

• 67 citations for Veugelers, R. and H. Vandenbussche (1999), European anti-dumping policy and the profitability of national and international collusion, European Economic Review, 43 (1): 1-28.

• 66 citations for Koning, J. M. Rizov and H. Vandenbussche (2003), Investment and financial constraints in transition economies: micro evidence from Poland, Economics Letters, 18: 253-258.

• 66 citations for Bodart, V. and P. Reding (1999), Exchange rate regime, volatility and international correlations on bond and stock markets, Journal of International Money and Finance 18 (1): 133-151.

• 52 citations for Vandenberghe, V. and S. Robin (2004), Evaluating the effectiveness of private education across countries, Labour Economics 11 (4): 487-506.

This reflects the major impact IRES members have in the fields of growth and development theories, and international economics.

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Publications in leading journals

Another way to assess the quality of IRES members’ publications is to look at the number of papers published in leading non-specialized and top-field journals. Defining a set of leading journals is a difficult and haphazard issue. The table below lists publications in most journals ranked A or AA in the Tinbergen Institute classification, or ranked 4 or 5 in Bauwens’ classification. The list also includes leading journals at the crossing of economics, mathematics and demography.

During the period 2000-2007, our faculty members published one article in the American Economic Review, one article in the Review of Economic Studies, one article in the Journal of the European Economic Association, three articles in the Journal of Economic Theory, two articles in the European Economic Review, one articles in the Journal of Economic Growth, five articles in the Journal of Development Economics, one article in Macroeconomic Dynamics, one article in the Journal of International Economics, one article in the review of Economic Dynamics, one article in Mathematical Population Studies. During the period covered by this

Publications in leading journals per year (2000-2009)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 forth

Selected non-specialized and top-field journals

American Economic Review 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Economic Journal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

Economic Policy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

European Economic Review 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Journal of Development Economics 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0

Journal of Economic Growth 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

Journal of Economic Theory 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

Journal of International Economics 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

Journal of the European Econ Association 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Macroeconomic Dynamics 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 1

Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Review of Economic Studies 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

Review of Economics and Statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Review of Economic Dynamics 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Selected cross-field journals and books

Mathematical Population Studies 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

Nonlinear Analysis TMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Population and Development Review 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

North-Holland Handbooks in Economics 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

Total 2 2 1 2 5 4 3 2 9 5 3

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report (2008-2009), they published one article in the Review of Economic Studies, one article in the Economic Journal, one article in Economic Policy, two articles in the Journal of Economic Growth, one article in the Journal of International Economics, one article in the Journal of Development Economics, four articles in Macroeconomic Dynamics, two articles in Population and Development Review, three articles in Mathematical Population Studies, one article in Nonlinear Analysis. In sum, the current IRES faculty members published 21 papers in 2000-07 and 17 papers in 2008-09 (including forthcoming articles) in leading journals. The number of leading publications per year is clearly on the rise and 2008 was an exceptional year.

Science Citation Index (SCI)

SCI is a citation index produced by Thomson Reuters. It only counts citations in published articles from 6,400 of the world’s leading journals. Citations in working papers series, books and unpublished papers are not counted. Hence, the number of citations per paper is unsurprisingly lower than the HPP index, which counts all types of citations. Focusing on the five most cited publications per faculty member, IRES faculty members had a total of 501 citations on August 25.

In particular, eight papers authored by IRES members have more than 20 citations:

• 49 citations for Beine, M., F. Docquier and H. Rapoport (2001), “Brain drain and economic growth: theory and evidence”, Journal of Development Economics 64 (1), 275-289.

• 46 citations for Boucekkine, R., D. de la Croix and O. Licandro (2002), “Vintage human capital, demographic trends and endogenious growth”, Journal of Economic Theory 104 (2), 340-375.

• 46 citations for Boucekkine, R., M. Germain and O. Licandro (2002), “Replacement echoes in the vintage capital growth model”, Journal of Economic Theory 74 (2), 333-348.

• 37 citations for de la Croix, D and O. Licandro (1999), “Life expectancy and endogenous growth”, Economic Letters 65 (2), 255-263.

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• 33 citations for de la Croix, D. and M. Doepke (2003), “Inequality and growth: Why differential fertility matters”, American Economic Review 93 (4), 1091-1113.

• 21 citations for Boucekkine, R., O. Licandro and C. Paul (1997), “Differential-difference equations in economics: On the numerical solution of vintage capital growth models”, Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control 21 (2/3), 347-362.

• 20 citations for Boucekkine, R. (1995), “Differential-difference equations in economics: On the numerical solution of vintage capital growth models”, Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control 19 (4), 711-734 .

• 20 citations for Vandenberghe, V. and S. Robin (2004), “Evaluating the effectiveness of private education across countries: a comparison of methods”, Labour Economics 11 (4), 487-506.

RePEc authors’ access statistics

RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort of hundreds of volunteers in 68 countries to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. RePEc collaborates with the American Economic Association’s EconLit database to provide content from leading universities’ working paper series to EconLit. The authors’ statistics are based on abstract views and file downloads of 302,000 workers paper series from 462,000 journals issues. The statistics below were computed on August 25, 2009.

Regarding working papers (co-)authored by the 12 IRES faculty members registered, RePEc records a total 147,788 abstract views and 33,010 file downloads. The corresponding numbers for journal articles are 28,992 and 6,681. Although these numbers reflect the international character of our research, they are computed on a large period and do not really reflect the activity of the last academic year. However, focusing on the last 12 months, RePEc records 24,260 abstract views and 7,510 file downloads for working papers, and 5,734 abstract views and 1,631 file downloads for journal articles (i.e. an average of 82 views and 25 downloads per day).

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Papers forthcoming :

Boucekkine, R., N. Hritonenko and Y. Yatsenko, •On explosive dynamics in R&D-based models of endogenous growth, Nonlinear Analysis TMA.

Boucekkine, R., R. Desbordes and H. Latzer, How do •epidemics induce behavioral changes?, Journal of Economic Growth.

Cassiers, I. and G. Thiry, Alternative Indicators to GDP : •from technical to normative issues. The Genuine Savings, Applied Research in quality of life (ARQOL).

Cockx, B., and B. Van der Linden, Flexicurity in Belgium: •A proposal Based on Economic Principles, International Labour Review.

Coffinet, J. and C. Poilly, Une évaluation structurelle du •ratio de sacrifice dans la zone euro, Revue d’Economie Politique.

De la Droix, D., G. de Walque, and R. Wouters, A Note •on Inflation Persistence in a Fair Wage Model of the Business Cycle, Macroeconomic Dynamics.

De Vroey, M., Les libéralismes économiques et la crise, •Revue française d’économie.

De Vroey, M., Marshall and Walras, Incompatible •fellows? , European Journal of Political Economy.

Docquier, F. and E. Lodigiani, Skilled migration and •business networks, Open Economies Review.

Docquier, F. and H. Rapoport, Documenting the brain •drain of “la crème de la crème”: three case studies on international migration at the upper tail of the education distribution, Journal of Economics and Statistics.

Marchiori, L. and I. Schumacher, When Nature Rebels: •International Migration, Climate Change and Inequality, Journal of Population Economics.

Pierrard, O. , G. de Walque, H.R. Sneessens and R. •Wouters, Sequential bargaining in a new-Keynesian model with frictional unemployment and staggered wage negotiation, Annales d’économie et de statistique.

Shen, I-L, F. Docquier and H. Rapoport, Remittances •and Inequality: A dynamic migration model, Journal of Economic Inequality.

Vandenbussche, H. and J. Wauters, Motor Vehicles from •China: Dispute Settlement Case, World Trade Review.

Papers published :

Bhargava, A. and F. Docquier, 2008, HIV prevalence •and migration of healthcare staff in Africa, World Bank Economic Review, 22, 345-366.

Bodart, V. and B. Candelon, 2009, Evidence of •interdependence and contagion using a frequency domain framework, Emerging Market Review, 10, 140-150.

Boucekkine R., D. de la Croix and D. Peeters, 2008, •Disentangling the Demographic Determinants of the English Take-off: 1530-1860, Population and Development Review , Supplement, 126-148.

Boucekkine, R. and M. Germain, 2009, The •burden sharing of pollution abatement costs in a multiregional small open economy, The BE Journals in Macroeconomics, 9 (1), article 21.

3. Papers published in 2008-09 or forthcoming in peer-reviewed journals

26

Boucekkine, R., B. Martinez and R. Ruiz-Tamarit, 2008, •Note on Global Dynamics and Imbalance Effects in the Lucas-Uzawa Model, International Journal of Economic Theory, 4 (4), 503-518.

Boucekkine, R., B.Diene and T. Azomahou, 2009, A •closer look at the relationship between life expectancy and economic growth, International Journal of Economic Theory, 5 (2), 201-244.

Boucekkine, R., C. Camacho and B. Zou, 2009, Bridging •the gap between growth theory and economic geography: The spatial Ramsey model, Macroeconomic Dynamics, 13 (1), 20-45.

Boucekkine, R., F. del Rio and B. Martinez, 2009, •Technological progress, obsolescence and depreciation, Oxford Economic Papers, 61(3), 440-466.

De la Droix, D. and A. Gosseries, 2009, Population Policy •through Tradable Procreation Entitlements, International Economic Review, 50, 507-542.

De la Droix, D. and M. Doepke, 2009, To Segregate or to •Integrate: Education Politics and Democracy, Review of Economic Studies, 76, 597-628.

De la Droix, D. and A. Sommacal, 2009, A Theory of •Medical Effectiveness, Differential Mortality, Income Inequality and Growth for Pre-Industrial England, Mathematical Population Studies, 16, 1–34.

De la Droix, D. and C. Delavallade, 2009, Growth, Public •Investment and Corruption with Failing Institutions, Economics of Governance, 10, 187-219.

De la Droix, D. and D. Dottori, 2008, Easter Island •Collapse: a Tale of Population Race, Journal of Economic Growth, 13, 27-55.

De la Droix, D., T. Lindh and B. Malmberg, 2009, •Demographic Change and Economic Growth in Sweden: 1750-2050, Journal of Macroeconomics, 31, 132-148.

De la Droix, D., T. Lindh and B. Malmberg, 2008, •Swedish Economic Growth and Education Since 1800, Canadian Journal of Economics, 41, 166-185.

De Vroey, M., 2009, A Marshall-Walras Divide? A Critical •Review of the Prevailing Standpoints, History of Political Economy.

Defourny J. and M. Nyssens, 2008, Social Enterprise •in Europe: Recent Trends and Developments, Social Enterprise Journal, 4 (3), 202-228.

Degavre F. and M. Nyssens, 2008, L’innovation sociale •dans les services d’aide à domicile : les apports d’une lecture polanyienne et féministe, Revue Française de Socio-Economie, 2, 79-98.

Docquier, F., B.L. Lowell and A. Marfouk, 2009, A •gendered assessment of highly skilled emigration, Population and Development Review, 35 (2), 297-322.

Docquier, F., O. Faye and P. Pestieau, 2008, Is migration •a good substitute for education subsidies?, Journal of Development Economics, 86, 263-276.

Konings, J. and H. Vandenbussche, 2008, •Heterogeneous Responses of Firms to Trade Protection, Journal of International Economics, 76 (2), 371-383.

Lehmann, E. and B. Van der Linden, 2009, Search •Frictions on Product and Labor markets: Money in the Matching Function, Macroeconomic Dynamics, 13(4) .

Lodigiani, E., 2008, Diaspora externalities and •technology adoption, Economie Internationale, 115(3), 43-64.


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Marchiori L., Pieretti P. and B. Zou, 2008, Brain Drain, •Remittances, and Fertility, Economie Internationale, 115, 9-42.

Matheron, J. and C. Poilly, 2008, How well does a •small structural model with sticky prices and wages fit postwar U.S. data?, Economic Modelling, 26, 266-284.

Nassaut S., M. Nyssens, A. Henry and J. Defourny, •2008, I problemi legati alla coesistenza di fornitori con finalità sociale e con finalità lucrativa, in conseguenza dell’introduzione, in belgio, di un meccanismo di quasi-mercato nel campo dei servizi di prossimità, Impresa sociale, 3 (77), 267-294.

Nassaut, S., M. Nyssens and M-C. Vermer, 2008, •Les effets d’une coexistence de différents modes de régulation, suite à la création d’un quasi-marché dans le secteur belge de l’aide à domicile. Le cas des Services agréés d’aide aux familles et aux personnes âgées, Economie et Sociétés, 9 (2), 265-292.

Nyssens M. and Petrella F, 2009, Finalité sociale et •partenariat public-privé dans l’offre de services quasi-collectifs locaux : une forme innovante de propriété, Economie et Sociétés, 10 (4), 747-774.

Pierrard, O. and Henri R. Sneessens, 2008, Biased •Technological Shocks, Relative Wage Rigidities and Low-Skilled Unemployment, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 55(3), 330-52.

Vandenberghe, V. and O. Debande, 2008, Refinancing •EU’s Higher Education with Deferred and Income-Contingent Tuition Fees: An empirical assessment using Belgian, German and UK data, European Journal of Political Economy , 24, 364-386.

Vandenbussche, H., 2008, Comment: Upland Cotton •Case, World Trade Review, 7 (1), 211-217.

Vandenbussche, H., 2009, Comment: United States - •Laws, Regulations and Methodology for Calculating Dumping Margins (Zeroing) (DS294), World Trade Review, 8 (1).

Vandenbussche, H. and M. Zanardi, 2008, What Explains •the Proliferation of Antidumping Laws?, Economic Policy, 23 (53), 98-103.

Vandenbussche, H. and Z. Zarnic, 2008, The Effects •of US Safeguards on Steel and Markups of European Producers, Review of World Economics, 144 (3), 458-490.

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• Arnsperger, C. and Ph. De Villé, 2008, “Could homo oeconomicus become a revolutionary ? Probing the Irrelevance of Standard Economics”, in: H. Flam (ed.) Rule Systems Theory, Peter Lang, pp 299 – 316.

• Bircan, T., M. Hooghe and A. Kayaoglu, 2009, Inkomensongelijkheid, migratiepatronen en sociale ongelijkheid in Vlaanderen (Income Inequality Patterns in Flanders), in: L. Vanderleyden, M. Callens, & J. Noppe, De Sociale Staat van Vlaanderen 2009 (pp. 363-380), Brussel: Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering.

• Cassiers, I. and L. Denayer, 2009, Concertation sociale et transformations socio-économiques en Belgique de 1944 à nos jours, in : E. Arcq and al., Dynamiques de la concertation sociale, Brussels: CRISP.

• Cassiers, I. 2009. Régimes de croissance et modes de régulation : survol d’un demi-siècle. In: In : Vanghuchten P.P., Actualités du dialogue social et du droit de grève. Brussels: Kluver.

• Crabbé, K and H. Vandenbussche, 2008, Are your Taxes Set in Warsaw, Proceedings of a Symposium on Fiscal Federalism, D. Heremans and K. Aelgoed, Federal Government.

• De la Droix, D., 2009, Adult Longevity and Economic Take-off: from Malthus to Ben-Porath, in: Salvadori N., Institutional and Social Dynamics of Growth and Distribution, Edward Elgard.

• De Vroey, M., 2008, The IS-LM model, in Darity, W. A. Jr., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Detroit: Macmillan References.

• De Vroey, M., 2009, On the Right Side for the Wrong Reason: Friedman on the Marshall-Walras divide, in: U. Maki, The Methodology of Positive Economics, Cambridge University Press.

• De Vroey, M., 2009, Getting Rid of Keynes? A Reflection on the History of Macroeconomics, in: R. Dimand, R. Mundell, A. Vercelli, Keynes’s General Theory After Seventy Years, London: Palgrave-Macmillan.

• De Vroey, M., 2009, Monetarism and Market Clearing, in: C. Goodhart, P. Howitt and R. Leeson, David Laidler’s Contributions to Macroeconomics, London: Palgrave-Macmillan.

• Degavre F. and M. Nyssens, forthcoming, Elderly care in Belgium as a social construct, in: Addabbo, T., M-P. Arrizabalaga, C. Borderías and A. Owens, Home, Work and Family, Gender and Well Being series, Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate.

• Degavre F. and M. Nyssens, forthcoming, L’innovation sociale dans les services d’aide à domicile : normes et processus, in: Drancourt, C.N., Repenser la conciliation travail/famille une urgence partagée, Paris: L’Harmattan.

• Docquier, F. and H. Rapoport, 2009, Skilled migration: The perspective of developing countries, in: Bhagwati, J. and G. Hanson, Skilled migration: prospects, problems and policies, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

• Laville, J.L. and M. Nyssens, 2008, The Social Enterprise: Toward A Theoretical Approach, in: Wygnanski, J.J., Social enterprises, a selection of key text (anthology in Polish), Warszaw.

• Montfort, Ph., H. Vandenbussche and E. Forlani , 2008, Skill-Upgrading in European Textiles resulting from Trade with China: Firm-level evidence, in: André Nyembwe, Development and International Economics: Essays in Memory of Michel Norro, Presse Universitaire Louvain.

4. Book chapters published in 2008-09 or forthcoming


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• Nassaut S. and M. Nyssens, forthcoming, Civicness and service governance: the case of the Belgian quasi-market in the field of proximity services, in: Adalbert Evers, A., T. Brandsen and P. Dekker, Civicness in the governance and provision of social services, NOMOS publishing house.

• Nyssens M. and M. Vermer, forthcoming, La régulation des mutuelles de santé au Bénin, in: Brot, J., H. Gérardin and F. Leloup, L’acteur public et le développement : l’État malgré tout ?, Paris: Karthala.

• Nyssens, M., 2008, Les analyses économiques des associations, in: Hoarau, C. and J-L. Laville, La gouvernance des associations, Paris: Eres.

• Nyssens, M., 2008, The Third Sector and the social inclusion agenda: the role of social enterprises in the field of work integration, in: Osborne, S.P., The Third Sector in Europe: Trends and Prospects, Lodon: Routledge.

• Nyssens, M. and J. Kerlin, forthcoming, Social enterprises in Europe, in: Kerlin, J., Social Enterprise: a global perspective, University Press of New England.

• Van der Linden, B., 2008, Economie du Travail, Economie, Collectif Eyrolles, Paris: Eyrolles, Collection Mention.

• Van der Linden, B., 2008, Quelles réformes pour nos institutions du marché du travail? Réflexions autour d’un certain nombre de pistes, in: Cantillon B. and V. De Maeschalck, Gedachten over Sociaal Federalism - Réflexions sur le fédéralisme social, Leuven: ACCO.

• Vandenbussche, H., 2008, Footloose Firms, in: A. Glass, Princeton Encyclopedia, Princeton University Press.

Cassiers, I., forthcoming, Redéfinir la prospérité. •P.I.E. Peter lang.

Cockx, B. and B. Van der Linden, 2009, Does •it make sense to regionalize labour market institutions?, Brussels: Re-Bel e-book 2. http://www.rethinkingbelgium.eu/rebel-initiative-ebooks

De Vroey, M., 2009, Keynes, Lucas, d’une •macroéconomie à l’autre, Paris: Dalloz.

5. Books published in 2008-09 or forthcoming

30

IRES Discussion papers6.

IRES members published 38 discussion papers between September 2008 and August 2009. Before January 2009, our discussion paper series included articles published by non-IRES members of our department. The list below disregards those articles. Since January 2009, the IRES series only includes articles published by IRES staff members and extramural fellows:

• 2009-025: Olaf POSCH, Klaus WÄLDE, “On the non-causal link between volatility and growth”.

• 2009-024: Bart COCKX, Bruno VAN DER LINDEN, “Flexicurity in Belgium. A Proposal Based on Economic Principles”.

• 2009-023: Ana Maria DIAZ, “Informal Referrals, Employment and Wages: Seeking Causal Directions”.

• 2009-022: Michèle BELOT, Vincent VANDENBERGHE, “Grade retention and educational attainment. Exploiting the 2001 Reform by the French-Speaking Community of Belgium and Synthetic Control Methods”.

• 2009-021: Frédéric DOCQUIER , Abdeslam MARFOUK, Sara SALOMONE, Khalid SEKKAT, “Are skilled women more migratory than skilled men?”.

• 2009-020: Michel DE VROEY, “Les libéralismes économiques et la crise”.

• 2009-019: Thomas Y. MATHÄ, Olivier PIERRARD, “Search in the Product Market and the Real Business Cycle”.

• 2009-018: Michel BEINE, Frédéric DOCQUIER, Hillel RAPOPORT, “On the robustness of brain gain estimates”.

• 2009-017: Jozef KONINGS, Hylke VANDENBUSSCHE, “Antidumping Protection hurts Exporters: Firm-level evidence from France”.

• 2009-016: Vincent BODART, Philippe LEDENT, Fatemeh SHADMAN-METHA, “An Employment Equation for Belgium”.

• 2009-015: Marc GERMAIN, Henry TULKENS, Alphonse MAGNUS, “Dynamic core-theoretic cooperation in a two-dimensional international environmental model”.

• 2009-014: Fabien NGENDAKURIYO, “Institutions Quality and Growth”.

• 2009-013: Luca MARCHIORI, I-Ling SHEN, Frédéric DOCQUIER, “Brain drain in globalization. A general equilibrium analysis from the sending countries’ perspective”.

• 2009-012: Raouf BOUCEKKINE, Jean-Pierre LAFFARGUE, “On the Distributional Consequences of Epidemics”.

• 2009-011: David DE LA CROIX, Michel LUBRANO, “The Tradeoff Between Growth and Redistribution: ELIE in an Overlapping Generations Model”.

• 2009-010: Raouf BOUCEKKINE, Giorgio FABBRI, Fausto GOZZI, “Maintenance and investment : Complements or Substitutes? A Reappraisal”.

• 2009-009: Raouf BOUCEKKINE, Jacek B. KRAWCZYK, Thomas VALLEE, “Environmental negotiations as dynamic games : Why so selfish?”.

• 2009-008: Michel DE VROEY, “Marshall and Walras : Incompatible Bedfellows?”.


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• 2009-007: Gabriele CARDULLO, “The Distributive and Welfare Effects of Product and Labour Market Deregulation”.

• 2009-006: Gregory DE WALQUE, Olivier PIERRARD, Abdelaziz ROUABAH, “Financial (in)stability, supervision and liquidity injections : a dynamic general equilibrium approach”.

• 2009-005: Anna,BATYRA, Michel DE VROEY, “From one to many islands : the emergence of search and matching models”.

• 2009-004: Bart COCKX, Matteo PICCHIO, “Are Short-Lived Jobs Stepping Stones to Long-Lasting Jobs?”.

• 2009-003: Laurence JACQUET, “Take it or Leave it : Optimal Transfer Programs, Monitoring and Takeup”.

• 2009-002: Michel BEINE, Frederic DOCQUIER, Caglar OZDEN, “Diasporas”.

• 2009-001: Guillaume HORNY, Matteo PICCHIO, “Identification of Lagged Duration Dependence in Multiple Spells Competing Risks Models”.

• 2008-081: CRABBÉ, Karen, VANDENBUSSCHE, Hylke, “Are your firm’s taxes set in Warsaw? Spatial tax competition in Europe”.

• 2008-079: PONCET, Sandra, STEINGRESS, Walter, VANDENBUSSCHE, Hylke, “Financial constraints in China: firm-level evidence”.

• 2008-050: Karen, CRABBE, Hylke, VANDENBUSSCHE, “Are your firm’s taxes set in Warsaw? Spatial tax competition in Europe”.

• 2008-048: Sandra, PONCET, Walter, STEINGRESS, Hylke, VANDENBUSSCHE, “Financial constraints in China : firm-level evidence”.

• 2008-043: Michel, BEINE, Frédéric, DOCQUIER, Maurice, SCHIFF, “International Migration, Transfers of Norms and Home Country Fertility”.

• 2008-036: Etienne, LEHMANN, Alexis, PARMENTIER, Bruno, VAN DER LINDEN, “Optimal income taxation with endogenous participation and search unemployment”.

• 2008-035: Raouf, BOUCEKKINE, Jacek B., KRAWCZYK, Thomas, VALLEE, “Towards an understanding of tradeoffs between regional wealth, tightness of a common environmental constraint and the sharing rules”.

• 2008-034: Yuri, YATSENKO, Raouf, BOUCEKKINE, Natali, HRITONENKO, “Estimating the Dynamics of R&D-based Growth Models”.

• 2008-032: David, DE LA CROIX, “On the Golden Rule of capital accumulation under endogenous longevity”.

• 2008-031: David, DE LA CROIX, “Adult longevity and economic take-off : from Malthus to Ben-Porath”.

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Other discussion papers7. publ

• Beine, M., F. Docquier and C. Ozden, 2009, Diaspora, CESifo Working Paper 19.

• Beine, M., F. Docquier and H. Rapoport, 2009, On the robustness of brain gain estimates, CReAM Discussion paper 17.09.

• Boucekkine, R. and JP. Laffargue, 2009, On the distributional consequences of epidemics, Manuscript.

• Boucekkine, R., N. Hritonenko and Y. Yatsenko, 2008, Optimal firm behaviour under environmental constraints. Manuscript.

• Boucekkine, R.,Th. Azomahou and P. Nguyen Van, 2009, Promoting clean technologies under imperfect competition. Manuscript.

• Cockx, B. and B. Van der Linden, 2009, Flexicurity in Belgium: A proposal Based on Economic Principles, IZA Policy Paper 9.

• Crabbe, K. and H. Vandenbussche, 2008, Are your firm’s taxes set in Warsaw? Spatial Tax Competition in Europe, CEPR Discussion Paper 11-nov.

• Crabbe, K. and H. Vandenbussche, 2008, Are your firm’s taxes set in Warsaw? Spatial Tax Competition in Europe, CORE Discussion Paper 2008/81.

• De Graeve, F. , M. Dossche, M.Emiris, H.R. Sneessens and R. Wouters, 2008, Risk Premia and Macroeconomic Dynamics in a Heterogeneous Agent Model, NBB Discussion Paper 29.

• de la Croix, D. and C. Delavallade, 2008, Democracy, rule of law, corruption incentives and growth, CORE Discussion Paper 2008/35.

• de la Croix, D. and G. Ponthière, 2008, On the Golden Rule of capital accumulation under endogenous longevity, CORE Discussion Paper 2008/49.

• de la Croix, D. and M. Lubrano, 2009, The tradeoff between growth and redistribution: ELIE in an overlapping generations model, CORE Discussion Paper 2009/18.

• de la Croix, D. and M. Vander Donckt, 2008, Would empowering women initiate the demographic transition in least-developed countries?, CORE Discussion Paper, 2008/48.

• de la Croix, D. and O. Licandro, 2008, The Child is Father of the Man: by Implications for the Demographic Transition, FEDEA, 2008-04.

• Defourny J. and M. Nyssens, 2008, Social Enterprise in Europe: Recent Trends and Developments, EMES Working Papers 08--01.

• Isaac, T. and B. Swartenbroeck, 2009, No-Starts and Dead Ends: Sequentiality Matters in Law and Economics, Carnets CPDR 142.

• Konings, J. and H. Vandenbussche, 2009, Antidumping Protection Hurts Exporters: Firm-level Evidence from France, CEPR Discussion Paper 18.

• Lehmann, E., Parmentier, A., and B. Van der Linden, 2009, Optimal Income Taxation with Endogenous Participation and Search Unemployment, Document de travail du CREST 2009-01.

• Marchiori L., Pieretti P. and B. Zou, 2009, Migration and Human Capital in an endogenous fertility model, CREA Discussion Paper 2009-04.


published in 2008-2009

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• Marchiori, L., I-L. Shen and F. Docquier, 2009, Brain drain in globalization: a general equilibrium analysis from the sending countries’ perspective, IZA Discussion Paper 8.

• Miyagiwa, K., H. Song and H. Vandenbussche, 2008, Trade Policy and Innovation, LICOS Discussion Paper 11.

• Monfort, P., H. Vandenbussche and E. Forlani, 2008, Chinese Competition and Skill Upgrading in European Textiles: Firm-level Evidence, LICOS Discussion Paper 25.

• Pierrard, O., and H.R. Sneessens, 2009, LOLA 1.0 : Luxembourg OverLapping generation model for policy Analysis, BCL Working Paper 5.

• Poilly, C. and J-G Sahuc, 2008, Welfare Implications of Heterogeneous Labor Markets in a Currency Area, NER Working Paper, Banque de France 17.

• Poncet, S., W. Steingress and H. Vandenbussche, 2008, Financial Constraints in China: Firm-Level Evidence, CEPR Discussion Paper 8.

• Shen, I.-L. and Dottori, D., 2009, Low-Skilled Immigration and the Expansion of Private Schools, IZA Discussion Paper 3946.

• Vandenbussche, H. and J. Konings, 2008, Heterogeneous Responses of Firms to Trade Protection, CEPR Discussion Paper 29.

Other publications8.

Bodart, V., J.-F. Carpantier, H. Latzer, G. Legros, H. •Latzer, V. Scourneau et G. Thiry, 2009, Perspectives économiques 2009, Regards économiques, 65, 1-12.

Bodart, V., J.-F. Carpantier, H. Latzer, Ph. Ledent, G. •Legros, H. Latzer, et V. Scourneau, 2008, Perspectives économiques 2008-2009, Regards économiques, 61, 1-12.

Bodart, V., T. Lambert, Ph. Ledent, et V. Scoueau, 2008, •Réduction d’impôts et consommation des ménages en Belgique: une évaluation de l’impact de la réforme fiscale, Regards économiques , 62, 1-16.

Cassiers, I., 2009. Beyond GDP, Measuring progress, •true wealth, and the well-being of nations. In: Conference Proceedings. European Commission, European Parliament, The Club of Rome, WWF, OECD. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Cassiers, I., 2009, Pour changer de cap, dégrippons la •boussole, Revue nouvelle 3, 53-61.

Cassiers, I., 2009, Sortie de crise : relance ou •changement de cap ? , Louvain 179, 35-36.

Cockx, B. and B. Van der Linden, 2009, Flexizekerheid •in België. Een voorstel gebaseerd op economische principes, Over.werk, 2, 50-61.

De la Droix, D., O. Pierrard and H. Sneessens, 2009, •Les travailleurs âgés prennent-ils la place des jeunes ?, Brèves de l’IWEPS, 7.

Defourny, J., A. Henry, S. Nassaut and M. Nyssens, •2009, Quelle qualité d’emploi et d’organisation de service, Regards économiques, 69

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Defourny, J., A. Henry, S. Nassaut and M. Nyssens, •2008, Titres-Services : Régulation quasi-marchande et performances comparées des entreprises prestataires, Revue belge de sécurité sociale, 2, 141-169.

De Villé, Ph. And A. Mufungizi, 2009, Croissance •démographique et équilibre environnemental : l’enjeu de la sécurité alimentaire au Sud Kivu, Revue des Questions Scientifiques, 179 (1), pp. 133 – 152.

Nyssens, M., 2009, Les défis des mutuelles de santé, •Echo sud, bulletin trimestriel de la CUD, 2009.

Nyssens, M., 2008, L’autogestion, de la propriété de •l’entreprise à la démocratie directe, Santé conjugée, 45, 68-71.

Nyssens, M., 2008, L’affirmation d’un Tiers-secteur, •L’entreprise et l’homme, 1, 6-7.

Scourneau, V. and D. Weiserbs, 2008, Le prix du vin, •qualité ou réputation?, Regards économiques, 63.

Van der Linden, B., 2009, Selon quels critères (dé)•centraliser les interventions publiques sur le marché du travail ?, Reflets et Perspectives de la Vie économique, XLVIII (1-2), 105-113.

Vandenbussche, H., 2009, Antidumping: Good for Bad •firms, Bad for Good Firms, BEPA Monthly, European Commission, 27, 23-28.

Vandenbussche, H., 2008, Antidumping in the EU: a •time of missed opportunity, VOX, February.

Vandenbussche, H., 2008, Antidumping: Good for Bad •firms, Bad for Good Firms, VOX, September.

Tr9. aining

Each year, the University of Louvain organizes 4 doctoral courses and 1-2 short courses (given by invited professors) within the Graduate School of Economics. These courses can be followed by PhD students of the French-speaking community of Belgian, of the University of Gent, the Katholiek Universiteit van Leuven and some foreign universities (Maastricht, Luxembourg). Our faculty members participate to this program and supervise PhD theses. Eleven researchers supervised by IRES members obtained their PhD between September 2008 and July 2009:

September 8, 2008 - • SOMMACAL Alessandro, Essays on pension systems, inequality, human capital and growth (promoter: Prof. David de la Croix)

October 10, 2008 - • MAES Marjan, Essays on financial and distributional implications of retirement in Belgium (promoters: Prof. Vincent Vandenberghe and Pierre Pestieau)

October 16, 2008 - • NATICCHIONI Paolo, Wage distribution, educational wage premia and labour market institutions in Italy (promoters: Prof. Bruno Van der Linden and Henri Sneessens)

February 2, 2009 - • LODIGIANI Elisabetta, Skilled migration and Diaspora externalities (promoter: Prof.Frédéric Docquier)

March 6, 2009 - • PICCHIO Matteo, Good news in bad jobs (promoter: Prof. Bart Cockx)


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May 14, 2009 - • NEAGU Ileana Cristina, Essays in International Economics (promoters: Prof. Frederic Docquier and Caglar Özden)

May 19, 2009 - • MEESSEN Bruno, An institutional economic analysis of public health care organisations in low-income countries (promoter: Prof. Marthe Nyssens)

June 12, 2009 - • DOTTORI Davide, Essays on Population Dynamics and Social Outcomes (promoter: Prof. David de la Croix)

June 24, 2009 - • MARCHIORI Luca, On the World Economy and International Migration (promoters: Prof. David de la Croix and Frederic Docquier)

June 25, 2009 - • SHEN I-Ling, International Migration and Its Impacts on Inequality and Education (promoter: Prof. Frederic Docquier)

July 3, 2009 - • MENDOLICCHIO Concetta, Essays on Investments in Education (promoters: Prof. Vincent Vandenberghe and Raouf Boucekkine)

External sources of funds10.

Our staff benefited from several sources of funding. Hylke Vandenbussche is leading the IAP project on Economic Policy and Finance in the global economy. Muriel Dejemeppe is leading the 2006-2010 program on “Evaluation de l’activation du comportement de recherche d’emploi” of the Belgian Science Policy. Frédéric Docquier acts as a member of the steering committee of TOM (Transnationality of Migrants), a 2006-2010 Marie Curie research and training pro-gram. Marthe Nyssens is leading several research projects on “Economie sociale et libéralisation des services : le cas des services de proximité” (Belgian Science Policy 2006-2009, programme société et avenir), on “Growing Inequality and Social Innova-tion: Alternative Knowledge and Practice in Over-coming Social Exclusion in Europe” (6th Framework Programme 2006-2009: Membre du réseau Katar-sis), on “Work Integration Social Enterprises as a tool for promoting inclusion, Mutual learning on social in-clusion and social protection” (DG Employment and Social Affaires, 2008-2010), on “Organisations de la société civile au Sud : développement, économie so-ciale et coopération” (GRAP, 2004-2008), on “L’aide au domicile des personnes fragiles: Une comparaison des régimes de care dans un contexte en profonde mutation” (Ministère Français du travail, des relations sociales, de la famille). Vincent Vandenberghe is lead-ing the 2008-09 program on “The Consequences of an Aging Workforce on the Productivity of the Bel-gian Economy” (Belgian Science Policy). Hylke Van-denbussche is leading the FSR 2006-2009 program (Conseil de la Recherche, UCL).

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Research in Macroeconomics

Research in macroeconomics at IRES covers many aspects of macroeconomics theory and relies on varied tools such as macro-dynamic models (i.e overlapping generations models and Ramsey models), general equilibrium, computational economics and calibration methods, macroeconometric models, historical analyses. Research in macroeconomics is organized around four main areas: short-run macroeconomics, growth and development theories, sustainability, and history of macroeconomics.

Faculty members involved are Vincent Bodart, Raouf Boucekkine, Isabelle Cassiers, David de la Croix, Michel De Vroey, Frédéric Docquier, Céline Poilly and Henri Sneessens. The team also includes senior researchers (Fatemeh Shadman Metha, Luca Pensieroso), many young researchers and collaborators from other universities.

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also investigate whether labor market reforms have to be announced so as to allow agents to adjust their consumption and labor supply decisions. A related project aims at assessing the welfare implications of labor market reforms in models with heterogeneous workers and monetary union. These projects are con-ducted by Céline Poilly, Dennis Wesselbaum from the Kiel Institute for the World Economy, and Jean-Guil-laume Sahuc from the Banque de France.

DSGE models are also used for other purposes. Céline Poilly uses DSGE tools to study the effects of monetary policy shocks. She aims at clarifying how the identification assumptions of monetary policy shocks modify inference in standard DSGE models. Henri Sneessens and Raf Wouters (National Bank of Belgium) use DSGE models with heterogeneous agents to analyze the dynamics of productivity and risk premia. Agents (shareholders, bondholders and workers) differ in participation in the capital mar-ket and in their attitudes towards risk and intertem-poral substitution. Aggregate productivity and distri-bution risks are transferred across these agents via the bond market and via an efficient labor contract. The result is a combination of volatile returns to capi-tal and a highly cyclical consumption process for the shareholders, which are two important ingredients for generating high and counter-cyclical risk premia. These risk premia are consistent with a strong propa-gation mechanism through an elastic supply of labor, rigid real wages and a countercyclical labor share. Based on the empirical estimates for the two sources

Short-run macroeconomics1.

Our team analyzes the international spillovers of financial crises. The financial accelerator research program has a relative success in explaining how im-perfect financial markets may amplify and propagate different shocks. Progress has been made in under-standing how shocks originating in the credit market propagate into the economy. However, there are no studies so far concerning the international propaga-tion of an asymmetric credit market shock based on the financial accelerator approach. The importance of such analysis becomes evident in the aftermath of the 2007-2008 financial crisis originated in the US but propagated worldwide. Our objective is to assess the effects on the home and foreign economies. We identify the factors that amplify the international con-tagion effects of a credit market distress, and those that dampen them. We are also interested in nor-mative issues such as the role of central banks. This project is investigated by Céline Poilly in collaboration with Julio Carrillo from the University of Maastricht.

Another topic relates to the normative analysis of labor market reforms. In modern economies, dif-ferent degrees of regulation drive labor markets per-formances. For instance, continental European labor markets are usually considered as less flexible than the US one, partly due to labor market institutions. In this project, we use medium-scale dynamic gen-eral stochastic equilibrium (DSGE) model incorporat-ing a set of instruments reflecting labor market poli-cies. Then, we seek to determine which labor market policy is preferable in terms of welfare objectives. We


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of real macroeconomic risk, our models explain time variation and are used to predict the effects of the current recession. The latter project involves three re-searchers, F. De Graeve, M. Dossche and M. Emiris.

Finally, another area of research is the analysis of cy-clical fluctuations and the elaboration of short-term forecasts for the Belgian economy. This area gives rise to a quarterly detailed report discussing recent economic developments in Belgium and pro-viding short-term economic forecasts. This work is supervised by Vincent Bodart and involves four re-searchers : Jean-François Carpantier, Helène Latzer, Vincent Scourneau and Géraldine Thiry. A connected team analyzes business cycle fluctuations and the ef-fectiveness of macroeconomic policies in Belgium. Their purpose is to provide a better understanding of business cycle fluctuations in Belgium. They em-pirically investigate important relationships among macroeconomic variables (such as the Okun’s law and the Phillips’ curve) and use econometric techniques to evaluate the impact of macroeconomic policies in Bel-gium. The team is supervised by Vincent Bodart and includes Fatemeh Shadman-Metha, Jean-François Carpantier and Vincent Scourneau.

Economic development 2. and growth theory

The research project on growth and development theories received a particular attention in the recent years and gave rise to many publications. A first topic relates to the role of longevity in the transition from stagnation to growth. The transition from a world of low economic growth with high mortal-ity and high fertility to one with low mortality and fertility but sustained growth has been the subject of intensive research in recent years. Over this whole transition, there is a very strong correlation between adult longevity and income. The relation between these two variables is also very strong in a cross sec-tion of countries today. This strong relationship is ob-viously very important to understand the processes of transition from stagnation to sustained growth (in-dustrial revolution) that various contries experienced, but is also key to improve the design of today’s de-velopment policies. It is undisputed that longevity was positively influenced by the standard of living. However, the question on whether longevity played a key role in the industrial revolution is disputable. We defend the idea that longevity is a key factor. One important mechanism through which longevity oper-ates is through the incentives to get education when the length of life increases. The research also involves using various data sets: Geneva and Venice longevity data before the Industrial Revolution, mortality data of English aristocrats, evidence on the rise in medi-cal knowledge, and height of Swedish soldiers. This project is leaded by David de la Croix and Omar Li-candro from the European Institute and also involves Allesandro Sommacal.

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We also analyzed the impact of failing institu-tions on economic growth. Bad or good institu-tions are key to explain why some countries managed to emerge from stagnation while some others still struggle to develop. This was at least the belief of International Institutions such as the World Bank at the beginning of the 21st century. We look at several types of institutions and their relations with growth: politics and the structure of education funding, in-stitutions promoting gender equality, failing legal and political institutions, imperfect financial markets and redistribution. This project is conducted by David de la Croix in collaboration with Clara Delavallade, Matthias Doepke, Michel Lubrano, assisted by Marie Vander Donckt.

Another topic is on the links between the brain drain and economic development. Skilled migra-tion is a key component of the globalization process. Recent theoretical literature shows that such migra-tion affects the source countries in a number of ways. In particular, it has been suggested that remittances, return migration, network effects favoring interna-tional transactions and technology diffusion, as well as brain gain channels, may compensate the send-ing countries for their loss of human capital. These channels have been examined in the recent empiri-cal literature, but have never been quantified so as to make them comparable. Our purpose is to evaluate these channels, to bring them together in integrated frameworks, and to quantify the global impact of the brain drain on sending countries. The development

of simple partial equilibrium models and large-scale computable general equilibrium models allows us to combine these various mechanisms. Using numeri-cal experiments and parameters taken from existing empirical studies, we quantify the costs and gains of the brain drain for developing countries, comparing the predictions of the traditional (pessimistic) view with those of the recent (optimistic) view. Our stud-ies reveal that the brain drain can generate short-run and long-run positive net gains for many developing countries, while adverse overall impacts are found only in a small number of countries wich exhibit a very high level of highly skilled emigration. Except in a few countries where brain drain rates are high or concentrated in strategic sectors (such as the health sector), these costs and gains are relatively small in size. Our studies have contributed to change the way economists and decision makers think about skilled migration in many leading institutions. This suggests that the strongest causal link is from poverty to brain drain, not from brain drain to poverty, and empha-sizes the need for more integrated models in which both emigration decisions and economic performanc-es are endogenized. The project is leaded by Frédéric Docquier in collaboration with Michel Beine (Univer-sity of Luxembourg) and Hillel Rapoport (Bar-Ilan Uni-versity). It involves three researchers, Luca Marchiori, Elisabetta Lodigiani and I-Ling Shen.


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Sustainable growth3.

The concept of sustainability is central in growth and development theories. Our first project examines the mathematical aspects of sustainability. A promi-nent part of economic growth theory is based on the neoclassical growth model, which relies on the maxi-mization of an inter-temporal (or intergenerational) welfare function. The basic optimization apparatus used is optimal control as pioneered by Pontryagin. Importantly enough, inter-temporal optimization in traditional growth theory relies on a time discounted social welfare function, which, giving more weight to present generations, has no reason to satisfy long-term sustainability criteria. To this end, several strate-gies have been followed so far, like adding a long-term outcome term to the traditional inter-temporal optimization of utility. Unfortunately, this alteration does not guarantee the existence of an optimal sus-tainable path. Other authors have departed from the constant social discount rate assumption inherent in the neoclassical model by assuming that the discount rate is endogenous. In both frameworks, inter-tem-poral optimization remains the criterion of inter-gen-erational resource allocation. In this project, we ex-amine an alternative framework, much closer to the spirit of Arrow et al. (2004). These authors formalized sustainability in line with the Brundtland Commission (1987), requiring that inter-temporal social welfare would not decrease over time. Arrow et al. (2004)emphasized that this criterion “does not identify a unique consumption path: the criterion could in prin-ciple be met by many consumption paths”, and that “in defining sustainable development, there is no pre-

sumption that the consumption path being followed is in the sense of maximizing social welfare”. Clearly enough, the set-up advocated by these authors need not be compatible with inter-temporal optimality in the sense of optimal control (i.e. Pontryagin optimal-ity). In this project, we wish to show the deep link between sustainability as defined by the Brundtland Commission and viability theory, a theory pioneered by Nagumo as early as in 1942. In particular, we study the link between viability and Pontryagin optimality. This project is leaded by Raouf Boucekkine and in-volves three researchers: Noel Bonneuil, Jacek Krawc-zyk and Tanguy Isaac.

The second project applies to the technological and environmental aspects of sustainability. A crucial issue repeatedly addressed in the ongoing debate on sustainable development is the possibility for the economies to keep on growing while confronted to physical limits and legal constraints such as those re-lated to the limited availability or regenerative capacity of natural resources (fossil energy, fish, forest, etc.) to economic and ecological regulation (emission quotas, harvesting quotas, etc.), or to financial resource con-straints at the firm or national economy levels. One of the common ideas turns out to be that such a growth possibility is certainly widely open if the economies are able to maintain a permanent stream of innova-tions, assuring long-term technological progress. In terms of economic theory, the problem can be con-nected to two hot topics: the relationship between resource scarcity and innovation, and the relationship

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between regulation and economic behavior. Scarce resources are becoming increasingly expensive, and this should in a way affect the behavior of consumers and firms, and end up shaping the direction of tech-nological progress. Just like scarcity, regulation can also be a decisive determinant of technological prog-ress. As an immediate illustration of such a potential nexus, environmental economists use to put forward the so-called Porter hypothesis according to which a carefully designed environmental regulation can in-crease firm competitiveness by encouraging innova-tion in environmental technologies. In this part of the project, we take the firm perspective. Firms are typi-cally affected by several institutional and economic factors, notably by competition, credit constraints and legal constraints which are not only linked to ecologi-cal regulation. In such a context, how could the firm experience a sustainable growth of profits? Answer-ing this question properly requires accounting for a comprehensive set of modernization instruments that the firm can use in response to the above constraints. We address these questions within realistic vintage capital models with endogenous scrapping of dirty technologies and endogenous technological prog-ress towards less energy or resource consumption. This part of research is leaded by Raouf Boucekkine and involves Natali Hritonenko, Yuri Yatsenko, Jacek Krawczyk and Thomas Vallée.

The last project relates to the measurement of pros-perity along the growth path. For many decades, our societies have pursued the objective of economic

growth and material progress. If the performances reached on this field have led to certain types of prog-ress (longer life expectancy, higher incomes, more lei-sure time, etc.), they have also generated adverse ef-fects for which we are significantly paying today. En-vironmental problems, the decrease in some aspects of quality of life and the rise in inequalities are some of the numerous reasons why economic growth does not – or not anymore – give rise to an increase in life satisfaction. A good understanding of these ques-tions goes far beyond the scope of economics. That is why the coordination of multidisciplinary research undoubtedly feeds and enriches the economists’ approach with those of philosophers, sociologists, lawyers, medical specialists, agronomists, and engi-neers. In the context of this project, a specific focus has been put on alternative indicators to GDP. For sixty years, GDP has been used as the major yardstick for assessing economic performance of a nation and leading economic policies. However, it seems more and more obvious that this statistical tool is not accu-rate anymore in front of the major issues of the 21st century. Replacing GDP implies thinking about the underlying conception(s) of progress, adjusting the national accounting system and organizing a socio-political debate apt to reach a new consensus. Clarify-ing this debate should contribute to move it forward. This project is leaded by Isabelle Cassiers and involves Géraldine Thiry.

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History of macroeconomics4.

We first study the history of macroeconomics from Keynes up to the present. Macroeconom-ics started as a specific sub-discipline of economics in the immediate post WW2 period. It began as be-ing centered on the IS-LM model, itself the result of John Hicks’ attempt to capture the central message of John Maynard Keynes’s General Theory. The IS-LM model remained the dominating paradigm in the field for a couple of decades or so. These were the heydays of Keynesian macroeconomics. In the mid-1970s, a scientific revolution broke out resulting in the dethroning of Keynesian macroeconomics and its replacement by a radically different approach to the field, both in terms of substance and method. One leading protagonist of this revolution was Robert Lu-cas. Hence, the two towering (and rival) figures of XXth century macroeconomics are Keynes and Lucas. Michel De Vroey’s objectives are to describe and ana-lyze the history of macroeconomics, and highlight the sweeping changes that occurred within it.

Another issue concerns the analysis of half a cen-tury of economic growth and crisis, institutional and social changes (from 1944 to present time) Understanding historical movements is a fruitful way to shed light on current challenges. This was done through three major works: (i) the analysis of the Bel-gian monetary policy under Bretton Woods (1944-1971) and prospect on the present international dis-equilibria; (ii) the study of the major economic and institutional changes during the last sixty years; and (iii) the historical analysis of the links between social

bargaining, growth and crises. This project is con-ducted by Isabelle Cassiers, Philippe Ledent and Luc Denayer from the Belgian Economic Council.

The Third topic relates to the analysis of the Great Depression, using dynamic general equilib-rium (DGE) models. Recent years have witnessed a revival of interest for the Great Depression of the 1930s. Starting with the work of Harold Cole and Lee Ohanian (1999), quantitative dynamic models in the real business cycle (RBC) tradition have been used to explain this historical event. We produce a general equilibrium analysis of the Great Depres-sion and a critical assessment of the DGE method-ology. We confirm that economists should be cau-tious in deriving historical interpretations and pol-icy implications from these exercises, as important methodological concerns are still left unanswered. A particular attention is devoted to the analysis of the Belgian economy during the 1930s. We build several DGE models to elucidate the origins and features of the Great Depression in Belgium. We carry out the analysis in both closed-economy and open-economy setup, with perfect competition or with sticky wages, with one good or two goods. Results so far show that monetary shocks connect-ed with the exchange rate and real shocks possibly related to the world-trade collapse of the 1930s were a major source of disturbance for the Bel-gian economy. This project is conducted by Michel De Vroey and Luca Pensieroso.

and economic history

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Labor economics,social policies and evaluation

Another team of IRES is interested in the diagnosis of the functioning of labor markets, the impacts and the design of labor market institutions, of active labor markets, social and development policies, of labor income taxation and social security contributions, the aging problem, social enterprises, human capital economics, non-profit organizations and public policies related to them. Below are described the four main axes of this team: unemployment, design and evaluation of labor market institutions, economics of education, and analysis of non-profit organizations and public policies.

Faculty members involved are Muriel Dejemeppe, Marthe Nyssens, Vincent Vandenberghe, Bruno Van der Linden. The team includes post-doc researchers (Cyriaque Edon, Andrey Launov, Fatemeh Shadman-Metha), many young researchers and collaborators from other universities and institutions.

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ries it pursues two main objectives. First, we assess the relative importance of (aggregate) labor demand versus (youth) labor supply as determinants of the youth unemployment rate. In particular we evaluate the English quotation marks “lower demographic div-idend” hypothesis according to which having smaller entering cohorts since the 1980s translates into lower youth unemployment rates. The second objective is to identify countries where the level and the vari-ability of youth unemployment significantly deviates from what is predicted by the overall/adult level of unemployment (i.e. a good proxy of the state of the business cycle) and demographic factors. We investi-gate whether specific institutional arrangements can make a difference in terms of youth unemployment risks. The existence of such arrangements is a pre-requisite to justify specific youth employment poli-cies and precise analyzes of youth unemployment. So far, our research has generated several results. First, youth unemployment rates since 1980 have been strongly driven by the adult unemployment rate and the overall demand for labor. Second, lower demo-graphics since 1980 have been translated into lower youth unemployment. Third, some countries seem to be able to strive better (or worse) in terms of youth unemployment than their overall employment perfor-mances and demographics would presage. Vincent Vandenberghe and Thomas Manfredi from the OECD conduct this project.

Unemployment1.

We study the determinants of unemployment rate and the effectiveness of training policies on em-ployment. A first objective is the evaluation of a new monitoring scheme of the unemployed in Belgium. Since July 2004 a new monitoring system of unem-ployed benefit claimants has been introduced in Bel-gium. On the one hand, the new system is designed to foster job-seeking, the supply of vocational train-ing and other active policy measures. On the other hand, workers’ efforts to find a job are more closely monitored and there are sanctions if they are insuf-ficient. Recent micro-economic evaluations in other countries conclude that this type of policy might be effective in stimulating the return to employment of participants. Such a conclusion is important given that most evaluated active policy measures turn out to have weak effects. This research aims at verifying whether these conclusions likewise apply in Belgium. This project is leaded by Muriel Dejemeppe and Bru-no Van der Linden in collaboration with Bart Cockx from Ghent University. It involves five researchers, So-fia Pessoa e Costa, Andrey Launov, Cyriaque Edon, Matteo Picchio, Fatemeh Shadman-Metha. It benefits from the cooperation of Bruno Crépon (CREST) and Marc Gurgand (PSE and CREST).

The second objective relates to the determinants of youth unemployment. Unemployment rates of young active individuals vary dramatically across OECD countries and over time. This project identi-fies the economic forces underpinning these varia-tions. Using OECD labor market aggregate time se-


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structural production function estimator of Olley and Pakes. Although subject to important caveats, our re-sults indicate that we cannot reject the hypothesis of no gender wage discrimination. Our findings suggest that other causes should be investigated to explain current gender differences in salaries/wages on the Belgian labor market. The project is leaded by Vincent Vandenberghe and involves Daniel B. Martins from the OECD.

Our staff also investigates normative issues related to the labor market. One goal is to analyze the optimal income tax scheme with endogenous participa-tion and search unemployment. Our team studies optimal redistributive taxation when individuals are heterogeneous in their skills and values of non-market activities. Search-matching frictions on the labor mar-kets create unemployment. Wages, labor demand and participation are endogenous. The government only observes wage levels. Under a “maximin” objective, if the elasticity of participation decreases along the distri-bution of skills at the optimum, the average tax rate is increasing, marginal tax rates are positive everywhere, while wages, unemployment rates and participation rates are distorted downwards compared to their lais-sez-faire values. Under a general utilitarian objective, numerical simulations suggest that the downward dis-tortions of wages and unemployment remain. How-ever, the optimal policy then induces upward distor-tions of participation. The promoter is Bruno Van der Linden, in collaboration with Etienne Lehman (CREST) and Alexis Parmentier (Université d’Evry).

Design and evaluation of 2.

The first objective in this area is to characterize and evaluate the design of labor market institutions in Belgium. Labor market institutions include formal organizations, laws, rules and policies that affect the functioning of the labor market. This research starts with the following question: To what extent should some federal labor market institutions be decentral-ized? We argue that some gains can be expected from an appropriate decentralization of some of these institutions. However, to overcome the huge demographic and economic challenges that we cur-rently face, a comprehensive reform of these institu-tions matters much more. Within the limits of this research we focus on the design of the Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) and of Unemployment In-surance (UI). The promoters are Bruno Van der Linden and Bart Cockx from Ghent University.

Another issue pertains to the empirical analysis of the gendered wage discrimination on the Belgian labor market. This research uses a matched employer-employee dataset to investigate the pres-ence of gender wage discrimination in the private sector. We identify and measure wage discrimination from firm-level data using a labor index decompo-sition pioneered by Hellerstein and Neumark (1995). It allows us to compare direct estimates of a gender productivity differential with those of a gender labor cost differential. We take advantage of the panel structure of our data and identify gender wage dis-crimination from within-firm variation. We address the problem of endogeneity in input choice using a

labor market institutions

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A related topic is on optimal marginal tax rates with both extensive and intensive labor supply responses. The literature about nonlinear redistribu-tive taxation assumes that workers can adjust their effort in employment (the intensive margin) while the government only observes their total earnings but not their ability. The optimal marginal tax rates are then non-negative. When participation decisions (the extensive margin) are endogenous and the in-tensive margin is neglected, the optimal participation tax rates can be negative at the bottom of the earn-ings distribution. This property provides a rationale for tax systems such as the earned income tax credit. A noteworthy feature of such systems is that the mar-ginal tax rate is negative over some range of earnings. In this research, we assume that both the intensive and the extensive margins are present. Contrary to Saez (2002), there is a continuum of earnings so that the notion of marginal tax rate makes sense. We pro-vide a sufficient condition such that optimal marginal tax rates are non-negative everywhere. This issue is analyzed by Bruno Van der Linden in collaboration with Laurence Jacquet (NHH) and Etienne Lehmann (CREST).

Finally, Bruno Van der Linden, Etienne Lehmann (Crest) and Claudio Lucifora (University of Milan) use empiri-cal tools and panel data to revisit the links between payroll taxation and the level of unemployment. Until now, the literature has mostly considered ag-gregate indicators of the tax pressure (such as the tax wedge). Our approach is different since it focuses on

indicators of the profile of the tax schedule. In non-competitive labor markets, theoretical analyses show that an increase in tax progression (actually, a decline in the coefficient of residual income progress) leads to wage moderation and eventually to a decline in unemployment.

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Economics of education3.

In this area, we deal with the determinants of human capital investments and the evaluation of the public education schemes. The first objective is to evaluate the 2001 reform of the Belgian French-Speaking Community. We quantify the effects of grade reten-tion on attainment by exploiting a reform introduced in 2001 in the French-Speaking Community of Belgium, whereby the possibility of grade retention in grade 7 was reintroduced. It uses the Synthetic Control Meth-od to identify the best possible pre-treatment control. Data come from three waves of the PISA study (cor-responding to periods before and after the reform) that contains test scores of representative samples of 15 year-olds. These are used essentially to answer two questions. First, has the 2001 grade repetition reform at least succeeded at filtering out weaker pu-pils, those who would presumably be disadvantaged by being promoted directly to higher grades? This is a minimum condition for grade retention to be ap-plicable. Second, do these “treated” students achieve better/worse grades when they repeat (and attend a lower grade) than when they are “socially promoted” (and attend the age 15 reference grade 10)? We find significant evidence of positive screening but we fail at demonstrate that those filtered out perform differ-ently under the “grade repetition” regime than under the “social promotion” regime. The project is con-ducted by Vincent Vandenberghe and Michèle Bélot (Nuffield College, Oxford).

We also elaborate new funding mechanisms for higher education in the European Union. We

investigate the possibility to rely on income-contingent tuition fees. The arguments for raising tuition fees in Europe largely rest on preserving the profitability of the educational investments and offering deferred and income-contingent payments. We use income survey datasets from Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom to estimate how graduates’ private return on educational investment is affected by higher private contributions. We evaluate the effect of income-contingent and deferred payment mechanisms on lifetime net income and their capacity to account for graduates’ ability to pay, considering numerous ways of financing the cost of introducing income-contingency. Our analysis reveals that increasing individuals’ contributions to higher education costs, through income-contingent and deferred instruments, does not significantly affect the private rate of return of heterogeneous graduates, allows for payments to be indexed to ability to pay, and can be implemented in ways that minimize the risk of adverse selection. These findings prove robust to significant variations between countries’ unharmonised higher education institutional structures. This project is conducted by Vincent Vandenberghe and Olivier Debande (EIB).

Another topic is the empirical study of impact of family income on tertiary education attendance across EU countries. There is plenty of evidence across the EU suggesting that young people from poorer backgrounds are less likely to attend tertiary education than their better-off peers. This correlation is often used to justify monetary transfers to families

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with students. It is not clear, however, that these differences in attendance are caused by income itself rather than by parental ability, motivation, education, and other aspects of youth’s experience that differ between families, but are not a direct result of income. Controlling for observable family characteristics is a useful step. But further developments are needed as families potentially differ in unobservable characteristics that are correlated with both income and attendance. We consider families with several children to correct for unobserved time-invariant family fixed effects. Results suggest the absence of parental income effects in Belgium and Germany, small positive effects in Poland, medium-size positive effect in the UK, and sizeable positive effects in Hungary. The project is leaded by Vincent Vandenberghe and involves one researcher, Karasiotou Pavlina.

Non-profit organizations and 4.

The three projects in this area are supervised by Marthe Nyssens and involve researchers from CIRTES (Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Travail et So-ciété, UCL).

We first study the provision of care services in Bel-gium. In the context of the crisis of the Welfare State and of massive unemployment, “proximity services” are often presented in the policy debates of many European countries as a solution to two major chal-lenges. They meet the growing demand for personal and social services generated by demographic, social and family changes; and they generate the creation of job opportunities particularly adapted for the low skilled unemployed. The provision of care services is characterized by a plurality of providers: public, co-operative, non-profit, social enterprises as well as pri-vate for-profit organizations. The objective of these researches is to better understand the way the provi-sion of care services is organized in order to define the broad lines of a public intervention to support their development.

A related project is about social enterprise, defined by the EMES European Research Network as an initia-tive from a citizens’ group that combines a dimension of service widened and opened to the community. There is a high degree of autonomy and economic risks linked to private activities of production. The concepts of social enterprise and social entrepreneur-ship are making amazing breakthroughs in EU coun-tries and the United States. The debates on both sides

public policies


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of the Atlantic have taken place in parallel trajectories with few connections between them. Our recent re-search analyzes how the various conceptualizations have evolved and investigate the reasons of the con-ceptual convergences and divergences among regions as well as within the US and European landscapes.

The third issue relates to the organization of the civil society in the “South”. Since 2004, we have been part of the GRAP research project (Research Group in Support to Development Co-operation Policies), sup-ported by the “University Commission for Develop-ment” (Commission Universitaire pour le Développe-ment - CUD) and the Belgian Development Coopera-tion (DGDC), on the role of civil society organizations fighting against poverty, in particular in Sub-Saharan Africa in the sectors of education, microfinance and health micro-insurance. Our team takes part in the project on the microfinance and health micro-insur-ance sectors. The first goal is to analyze the extent to which the action of civil society organizations in this sector can improve the access of the poorest to these services. In a second stage, the researchers analyze the way in which support to civil society organizations might favor a better regulation of the health and mi-crofinance sectors.

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Research in International Economics

IRES research in international economics focuses on trade and factor mobility. This includes trade policy evaluation, the modeling of trade policy with heterogeneous firms, tax policy evaluation, antidumping, safeguards and WTO dispute settlement cases. The team uses a variety of tools and specializes in the analysis of disaggregated data sets including firm-level analysis and the estimation of firm-level productivity, of firm-level markups, product-switching and skill-upgrading; credit constraints and investment. Our attention is also devoted to the determinants and implications of factor mobility. This includes international movement of unskilled and skilled workers and their link with economic development and income inequality between nations. Below are described the two main axes which mobilized the IRES team in 2008-2009 and will still mobilize it in the coming months.

Faculty members involved are Frédéric Docquier and Hylke Vandenbussche. The team includes young researchers and collaborators from other universities.

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rise. Especially the use of antidumping measures is a popular instrument used to put tariffs on foreign imports. But the externalities of trade protection are not well understood. This is important since there has been a recent proliferation of trade protection laws worldwide. While in 1980 only 49 countries had an antidumping law, by 2000, this number had almost doubled and 94 countries had adopted antidumping laws. This proliferation can result in two Nash equi-libria. Either this results in an equilibrium where ev-erybody starts using antidumping protection against each other, or it may bring us in a politically efficient equilibrium where the use of antidumping laws goes down because everybody now has the possibility to use it. The multilateral capacity to use antidump-ing laws and its consequent equilibria are not well understood. This research project aims to construct models that offer greater insight about the dynam-ics involved. Questions like “How do antidumping laws affect firm-level innovation when trade partners have the capacity to retaliate” are being researched. This project is conducted by Hylke Vandenbussche, in collaboration with Huasheng Song (Zhejiang), Kaz Miyagiwa (Emory University) and Jim Hartigan (Okla-homa University).

A related issue concerns the links between trade policies and trade flows. As stated above, an im-portant stylized fact is the proliferation wave of an-tidumping laws that took place in the course of the last 20 years whereby the number of countries with trade protection laws doubled. This fact offers a

Trade theory and trade policies1.

The first objective of this axis is to analyze the effec-tiveness of trade policies in the presence of het-erogeneous firms. Neo-classical models are built on the assumption of a representative firm, but re-cent empirical works refute the predictions based on these models. The availability of firm-level data has lead to the understanding that firms even in narrowly defined industries can be very different from each other. Neo-classical trade models predicted that in-dustries can be classified as either import-competing or export-oriented. Firm-level analysis has revealed that exporting and non-exporting firms co-exist in narrowly defined industries. Other important stylized facts are for example that exporting firms are larger in size, more productive and pay higher wages than non-exporting firms in an industry. Inspired by these empirical facts, a new generation of models has ap-peared introducing firm heterogeneity amongst mo-nopolistic firms and yielding predictions that are more in line with empirical findings. One downside is that these models are less suited to study issues of trade policy due to the complexity involved. The purpose of this research project is to contribute to the grow-ing literature on the effects of trade policy on hetero-geneous firms. This project is leaded by Hylke Van-denbussche and involves five researchers, Christian Viegelahn, Francesco Di Comite, Laura Rovegno, Ilke Van Beveren (Katholiek Universiteit van Leuven) and Arastou Khatibi.

The second project aims at characterizing the de-terminants of trade policies. Protection is on the


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Geographical mobility of labor2.

This area of research is related to the analysis of the determinants of the international mobility of labor. The first objective is to characterize the dynamics of international migration, in relation with immi-gration policies at destination. Ever since Ravenstein in the 19th century, many economists, demographers and geographers have tried to understand the rules governing the migration of humans. Established mi-grants’ networks play an important role on the migra-tion decisions of current young individuals. Relying on network information, newcomers can reach relatively better and safer decisions in the case of uncertainty and imperfect information. In the absence of migra-tion data by educational attainment, the analysis of the migration network hypothesis and the dynamics of diasporas has remained poor. Taking advantage of new databases on international migration by educa-tion level, the goals of this research are (i) to revisit the determinants of international labor mobility and (ii) characterize the dynamics of migrants’ diasporas (defined as the stock of people born in a country i and living in another country j). The dynamics of diasporas is the outcome of a complex combination of self-selection (endogenous decisions of heteroge-neous individuals to leave their country) and out-se-lection mechanisms (host-country decisions to accept immigrants, reflected in their immigration policies). How do the characteristics of existing diasporas (size, education level, gender structure) affect the size and structure of current migration flows? What is the im-pact of existing diasporas on the effectiveness of im-migration policy reforms? In particular, would more

unique policy experiment which allows us to study the true trade chilling effects of trade policy laws on trade flows. Using a gravity approach of worldwide bilateral trade flows, this project investigates to what extent the adoption and use of antidumping laws af-fects the trade flows of the new adopters. Previous research has only looked at how antidumping affects product level trade in the targeted products. But there could be spillover effects both horizontally and vertically which may result in aggregate effects of an-tidumping protection. Spillovers beyond the product-level of targeted products may occur because of the following effects: trade diversion, trade destruction of substitute products, trade enhancement of down-stream products, FDI effects, retaliation effects, collu-sion effects of trade protection laws etc. Therefore in this paper we turn to aggregate bilateral trade flows to see if trade protection chills trade. This project is conducted by Hylke Vandenbussche, in collaboration with Maurizio Zanardi (University of Brussels) and Jan van Hove (Katholiek Universiteit van Leuven).

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selective immigration policies generate important ef-fects on the structure of EU immigration flows? These are the questions addressed in this project. Our pre-liminary results show that the share of men and edu-cation level embodied in migration flows decrease with the size of the diasporas, meaning that women and low skilled people are more sensitive to endog-enous moving costs and family reunion programs. We are now quantifying the speed of adjustment of such a phenomenon, by studying the effect of the structure of existing diasporas on the characteristics of migration flows. In addition, we test for the exis-tence of counter-migration flows (does the existing diaspora from i to j induce a migration flow from j to i?), a concept which has been largely disregarded in the recent literature. The project is leaded by Frédéric Docquier and involves Abdeslam Marfouk (IWEPS) and Sara Salomone.

Another topic is the political economy of immigra-tion policies. As shown in many recent studies, low-skill migration generates huge gains for migrants, their families and, most importantly, the sending coun-tries. By relaxing labor market constraints at origin and inducing large amounts of remittances, low-skill migration should be seen as an explicit component of the development policy of the rich world. In the Global Economic Prospects, the World Bank reported that international remittances received by develop-ing countries (around 170 billion of dollars in 2005, two thirds of which is sent from developed countries)

have doubled since 2000 and are twice as large as the amount of official assistance. Official records still underestimate the full scale of remittances. Al-though the growth impact is unclear, remittances do obviously play an important role in reducing poverty. Migration has other economic implications for poor countries beyond remittances. It raises the demand for low-skill workers at the margin, leading to higher wages, lower unemployment and greater labor force participation. It creates ties between countries, reduc-ing transaction and informational costs. Hence, it is not surprising that development agencies promote migration of the lowly skilled. Although movements of capital, goods and services are growing in impor-tance, workers movements are impeded by restric-tive policies in rich countries. Such regulations induce important economic costs for developing countries, and prevent global inequality from declining. Clearly, “breaking the gridlock on international labor migra-tion” requires solutions that are politically acceptable in rich countries. The political economy framework is fairly appropriate to explain immigration restrictions in advanced countries. This research project aims at characterizing the variables affecting natives’ votes towards immigration at destination and finding in-centive mechanisms that could break the low-skill im-migration deadlock. Our analysis builds on theoreti-cal foundations and numerical experiments based on properly calibrated models. This project is conducted by David de la Croix and Frédéric Docquier.

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Research on interdisciplinary topics

IRES has team members working at the intersection between economics and other fields of science. Three IRES projects are situated at the crossing of economics and demography. They use economic theory and economic statistics to quantify and explain demographic behaviors. Three others relate to intergenerational issues.

Faculty members involved are Raouf Boucekkine, David de la Croix, Frédéric Docquier, Henri Sneessens and Vincent Vandenberghe. The team includes young researchers and collaborators from other universities.

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One project is on the relationships between popu-lation growth and economic growth. Such (non linear) relationships are highly interesting for many reasons. An obvious nexus between economic and demographic growth is human capital accumula-tion since human capital is embodied in individuals. An overwhelming part of the literature studies this nexus within Overlapping Generations Model (OLG) setting with population growth endogenized via the well-known quality/quantity trade-off. In this proj-ect, we take a different approach, and as most de-mographers do, we do not take fertility as endog-enous through the elementary mechanisms used in the economic literature. We first come back to the traditional growth models with exogenous fertility. In the one-sector framework, the impact of popula-tion growth on human capital and growth is admit-tedly trivial. However, in a two-sector framework à la Lucas-Uzawa, the question is extremely difficult to address due to some technical reasons inherent to endogenous growth and transitional dynamic prop-erties. This project is devoted to solve the problem using some recent advances on the analytical solution of two-sector growth models. It is leaded by Raouf Boucekkine and involves three researchers, Ramon Ruiz-Tamarit, Blanca Martinez, Alberto Bucci.

On the contrary, another project relates to fertility choices and population policy. In all species, when available resources are more abundant, reproduction increases. This was also true for the human species before the industrial revolution. This relationship has

changed in the recent past. During the last two centu-ries, as economies grew richer, people had fewer chil-dren. This phenomenon is known as the demograph-ic transition. Now, both within and across countries, the rich and the educated have less children than the poor and the unskilled. Economists do not believe that a significant part of observed fertility is involuntary, and would not have materialized if contraception was available. They insist on incentives faced by parents to have many or fewer children. One school of thought models children as a way to save resources for the future and to obtain some support when old. This is the old-age support hypothesis. A second one studies the interplay between fertility and children mortality, stressing that lower mortality reduces the need for high fertility in order to obtain the same number of children reaching adulthood. Another one empha-sizes that parents face a trade-off between having many children and spending large resources on the health and education on each of them. This approach is particularly successful to explain fertility differences as a function of the social class of the parents. Edu-cated parents, for whom time is highly valuable on the labor market, will optimally choose to have fewer children but spend more resources on their education and health. These models have predictions on how the size and the composition of population are going to change in the future through their interaction with the economic and natural environments. Population dynamics are key for the development of poor coun-tries and the future of the Earth. In this project we develop further the models explaining fertility as an

1. Economic demography


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optimal behavior and we address the related policy issues. The project is conducted by David de la Croix in collaboration with Matthias Doepke (Northwestern University) and Axel Gosseries (ETES). It also involves Davide Dottori.

Another objective is to quantify the size of the brain drain. Due to the lack of harmonized data, the literature on the consequences of high-skill emi-gration has long remained theoretical. In partnership with the World Bank and since 2005, our team has intensively worked on the construction of new da-tabases on international migration by education lev-el. The construction of the database relies on three steps: i) collection of Census and register information on the structure of immigration in all OECD coun-tries, (ii) summing up over source countries to evalu-ate the stock of emigrants from any given sending country to the OECD area by education level, and iii) comparing the educational structure of emigration to that of the population remaining at home, which gives emigration rates by educational attainment in 1990 and 2000. This year, we have published an up-date of the data set including the gender breakdown. We are now extending it to account for migration to non-OECD countries; the inclusion of non-OECD host countries such as the Gulf states, South Africa, Singapore or Ivory Coast has a major impact on the brain drain of neighboring countries. Finally, we are finalizing an original database on the emigration of healthcare professionals. These databases are publicy available and are used by many scholars worldwide.

This project is conducted by Frédéric Docquier, in col-laboration with Abdeslam Marfouk (IWEPS)

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In this area, our first objective is to model conflicts and solidarity across generations in aging societies. Conflict and solidarity across generations are at the center of economic policy debates today. Reducing public debt, financing social security, taxing capital and labor, and designing the education system imply substantial inter-generational transfers. The tool that economists use to analyze these issues is the overlapping generations model, which allows to capture the different periods of life: young age, adulthood and old age. When the model includes capital accumulation, it also allows researchers to formalize the development of an economy, relating its growth path to the savings behavior of young agents. The aim of this project is to carry out an in-depth analysis of this model and to draw its major policy implications. This project is conducted by David de la Croix, in collaboration with Grégory Ponthière.

A second objective is to obtain a quantitative evaluation of the implications of population aging for the sustainability of existing public pension schemes. We set up an OLG model with fifteen generations. Life duration is stochastic. A member of a given generation may live up to fifteen five year periods. We thus have a model with fifteen age groups, going from 25-30 to 95-100. Labor market frictions are factored in using a Mortensen-Pissarides framework with exogenous job destruction. Labor market is non-segmented and all unemployed compete for the available vacancies. The legal (and compulsory) retirement age is 65. Early retirement is however possible between 50 and 65,

and is endogenous. We examine in this setup the consequences of increased life expectancy and of changes in early retirement replacement rates. The promoters are Henri Sneessens and David de la Croix. Researchers involved are Olivier Pierrard, Anna Batyra, F.. De Graeve, M. Dossche, M.Emiris.

Finally, the last objective is to quantify the effect of aging on labor productivity. The Belgian population is aging due to demographic changes. So does the workforce of firms active in Belgium. This trend is likely to remain for the foreseeable future. It will be reinforced by the willingness of public authorities to expand employment among 50+ individuals. Aging and policies aimed at maintaining older individuals in employment raise crucial issues. One of them is the effect on the productivity performance of firms, and (by extension) on the whole economy. The central aim of this project is to properly quantify the effect of the changing age structure of the workforce on the productivity and profitability of firms. Our intention is to tap into a unique employer-employee panel data set, and apply econometric techniques to produce robust evidence on the causal effect of aging on productivity, while attempting to identify the contextual or policy factors that affect this relationship. The project is leaded by Vincent Vandenberghe and involves Fabio Waltenberg and Andrea Ariu.

2. Intergenerational issues


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Interactions with decision-makers

Since its creation, IRES has always promoted deep interactions between fundamental research, applied research and policy recommendations in economics. Our members have a solid experience in advising policy makers and international institutions on a varied set of issues related to the labor market, the business cycles and macroeconomic policies, growth policies, development and migration policies or trade policies. This chapter describes the main interactions between our scholars and public or private decision-makers.

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Regards Economiques1.

Regards Economiques is a publication of the econo-mists of UCL. Regards Economiques publishes eco-nomic analyses on various socio-economic issues in a pedagogical and non-technical language in order to reach a large audience. It reflects the willingness of the economists at UCL to get more involved in the socio-economic debate, particularly in Belgium, and to contribute more directly to the understanding of socio-economic issues. Regards Economiques is in-tended to help and inform policy makers, (business) companies, non-profit organizations, but also teach-ers and students. The editorial committee is made of academics of UCL to: (i) incite economists to write ar-ticles and promote some diversity in the covered sub-jects, (ii) check the scientific quality of the published articles and (iii) ensure that the articles are written in a language open to a large audience. The distribution of Regards Economiques is mainly electronic. All the issues of Regards Economiques can be downloaded freely on its web site in PDF format: see http://www.uclouvain.be/regards-economiques. The persons who take out a subscription to Regards Economiques (form to be filled on the web site) receive an email announc-ing each new issue, which they can freely download on the web site. The co-editors are Muriel Dejemeppe and Vincent Bodart. The editorial board includes: Paul Belleflamme (IAG), Thierry Bréchet (CORE), Frédéric Docquier, Jean Hindriks (CORE), François Maniquet (CORE) and Marthe Nyssens.

From September 2008 to July 2009, ten issues of Regards Economiques have been published:

Issue 62 : “Réduction d’impôts et consommation •des ménages en Belgique: Une évaluation de l’impact de la réforme fiscale” by V. Bodart, Th. Lambert, Ph. Ledent and V. Scourneau (octobre 2008). This article has been downloaded 1100 times. It gave rise to a radio/TV interview at RTBF and newspaper articles in Trends-Tendances, l’Echo and La Libre.

Issue 63 : “Le prix du vin, qualité ou réputation?” •by V. Scourneau and D. Weiserbs (novembre 2008). This article has been downloaded 876 times.

Issue 64 : “Quelles leçons tirer de la crise •financière ?” by S. Wibaut (décembre 2008). This article has been downloaded 2482 times. It gave rise to a radio/TV interview at RTBF.

Issue 65 : “Perspectives économiques 2009”, by •V. Bodart, J.F. Carpantier, H. Latzer, G. Legros, V. Scourneau and G. Thiry (janvier 2009). This article has been downloaded 1417 times.

Issue 66 : “Une évaluation objective des nuisances •subjectives de l’aéroport de Bruxelles-National” by Th. Bréchet, A. Gérard et G. Mion (février 2009). This article has been downloaded 894 times. It gave rise to newspaper articles in l’Echo and La Libre.


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Issue 67 : “Le recensement de la population: •un requiem?” by I. Thomas, A. Verhetsel et Vincent Lorant (mars 2009). This article has been downloaded 722 times. It gave rise to a radio/TV interview at RTBF and newspaper articles in l’Echo and Le Soir.

Issue 68 : “Selon quels critères (dé)centraliser les •interventions publiques sur le marché du travail?” by B. Van der Linden (avril 2009). This article has been downloaded 1022 times. It gave rise to a newspaper article in l’Echo.

Issue 69 : “Les titres-services :quelle qualité •d’emploi et d’organisation du service?” by J. Defourny, A. Henry, S. Nassaut et M. Nyssens (avril 2009). This article has been downloaded 1491 times. It gave rise to newspaper articles in l’Echo and La Libre.

Issue 70 : “Inscription dans les écoles : quelques •enjeux et quelques solutions” by F. Maniquet (mai 2009). This article has been downloaded 1222 times. It gave rise to a radio/TV interview at RTBF and newspaper articles in Le Soir, Vers l’Avenir and La Libre.

Issue 71 : “Perspectives économiques 2009 – •2010” by V. Bodart, J-F., H. Latzer, G. Legros, V. Scourneau and G. Thiry (juillet 2009). Download statistics nor yet available.

Short-run forecasts of the SAE 2. (Service d’analyse économique)

Every quarter, the SAE produces a detailed analysis of short-term economic prospects in Belgium. The objective of this work is that public and private decision-makers get frequently updated forecasts for Belgium, that they can compare to those provided by official institutions (mainly the National Bank of Belgium and the Federal Planning Bureau) and by commercial organizations (mainly banks). Our forecasts are made available on a large scale via the media and the internet.

The quarterly economic report contains four chapters. In the first chapter, we discuss our hypothesis about commodity prices, interest rates and exchange rates. In the second chapter, we analyse international economic developements outside the euro area while business cycle developments in the euro area are examined in the third chapter. The fourth chapter covers short-term economic prospects in Belgium. The quarterly report also contains a large appendix with our forecasts for a variety of international and Belgian macroeconomic variables (GDP and its components, employment and unemployment, inflation, interest rates, oil prices, world trade, fiscal balances, etc.). The analysis is supervised by Vincent Bodart.

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3. Consultancy for

In partnership with the World Bank and since 2005, our team has intensively worked on the construction of new databases on international migration by edu-cation level. This year, we have published an update of the data set including the gender breakdown. We are now extending it to account for migration to non-OECD countries; the inclusion of non-OECD host countries such as the Gulf states, South Africa, Singapore or Ivory Coast has a major impact on the brain drain of neighboring origin countries. We are also finalizing an original database on the emigration of healthcare professionals. These databases are pub-licly available and are used by many scholars world-wide. They allow us to analyze and quantify the links between brain drain and economic development. Our studies reveal that the brain drain can generate short-run and long-run positive net gains for many devel-oping countries, while adverse overall impacts are found only in a number of countries exhibiting very high skilled emigration rates. Our studies have con-tributed to change the way economists and decision makers think about skilled migration in many leading institutions. Frédéric Docquier, in collaboration with Abdeslam Marfouk (IWEPS), acted as a consultant for the World Bank.

Another partnership with the World Bank gave rise to a report on “MENA*-to-EU migration and labor mar-ket imbalances”. In the report, we analyze the conse-quences of increasing MENA-to-EU migration flows

in the coming decades on both sending and receiving regions. We first characterize the structure of MENA emigration and show that EU27 is a major destination for 9 MENA countries, including Algeria, Egypt, Mo-rocco and Tunisia. If one had to increase the flows of MENA-to-EU migration in the future, these countries would be seriously concerned. Then, we analyze the demographic trends in these regions and conclude that replacement migration policies encouraging ME-NA-to-EU flows of working-age people should not be permanent. They should be limited in size and in time (not beyond 2050). We then analyze the economic effects of increased migration using generational ac-counting techniques and general equilibrium model-ing. Increasing MENA-to-EU migration would gener-ate significant changes in EU tax rates and GNI per capita, smoothing the fiscal and economic burdens of aging (compared to a non selective immigration policy, selecting immigrants has a moderate impact in reducing tax rates, but leads to a strong and positive impact on GNI per capita in the EU). On the contrary, emigration has a strong detrimental impact on MENA tax rates, especially if emigrants are skilled. Regard-ing GNI per capita and inequality in MENA, increasing unskilled emigration leads to strong improvements (mainly due to remittances) while increasing skilled emigration induces detrimental consequences. Skilled migration policies are almost zero-sum games ben-efitting to EU, while unskilled immigration policies generate win-win situations with much smaller gains for the EU. The consultants were Frédéric Docquier and Luca Marchiori.


international institutions

* Middle East & North Africa

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Finally, Vincent Vandenberghe participated to the OECD Jobs for Youth Review. Improving the perfor-mance of youth on the labor market is a crucial chal-lenge in OECD countries. Declines in the number of new entrants to the labor market and aging popula-tions and workforces in many countries do not seem to have translated into much better labor market out-comes for youth. While OECD members’ labor market has been stronger over the last decade, the future outlook is uncertain. It remains thus key to maintain or reinforce policies aimed at better equipping young people with the skills required by the labor market and helping them accomplish a successful transition from school to work. We provide analytical assistance to the OECD in four key areas: i) the development of statistical indicators reflecting the overall perfor-mance of OECD members in terms of Youth labor market outcomes, ii) the assessment of the capacity of education and training to contribute to a smooth school-to-work transition and good labor market outcomes, iii) the identification of the demand-side barriers and opportunities to youth employment; and iv) the evaluation of the contribution of welfare ben-efits and public employment services (PES) in helping non-employed youth to get a job. Beyond, the effort consists in helping the OECD point out the structural weaknesses that can be inferred from a critical analy-sis of the empirical evidence. It is also to deliver rel-evant policy recommendations.

Consultancy for national institutions4.

Team members of IRES also helped national decision makers in Belgium and other European countries.

Bruno Van der Linden is coaching the labor team of the Conseil Central de l’Economie. He co-supervises researchers of the Bureau fédéral du Plan on the issue of “Wage formation: Exploitation of individual data”. He represents the Université catholique de Louvain at the Conseil Wallon de l’Evaluation, de la Prospec-tive et de la Statistique. Finally, he has been advis-ing IWEPS and its contractors during the evaluation of the Plan d’actions prioritaires pour l’avenir wallon (Plan Marshall).

Raouf Boucekkine advised the French Ministry of Ed-ucation and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) by participating to many evaluation commit-tees. He also advised the Spanish Ministry of Edu-cation and the Agencia Nacional de Evaluacion de Proyectos (ANEP).

Vincent Bodart acts as a consultant for IWEPS (Institut wallon de prospective économique et de statistique). His work consists in coaching the forecasting team and supervising the forecasting report for Wallonia that the team has to produce in November and June.

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Reports for external institutions5.

Four reports were published in 2008-2009:

Borzaga C., J. Defourny, G. Galera, E. Les, R. Nogales, •M. Nyssens and R. Spear, 2008, Overview of the emergence and evolution of social enterprise, Social enterprise: a new model for poverty reduction and employment generation, an examination of the concept and practice in Europe and The Commonwealth of independent states, UNDP-EMES,

de la Croix, D., O. Pierrard and Henri R. Sneessens, •2008, Etude sur les déterminants des taux d’emploi dans un modèle à générations, IWEPS, Walloon Region, Namur

Docquier, F. and L. Marchiori, 2009, MENA-to-EU •migration and labor market imbalances, World Bank, Washington

Henry A., S. Nassaut, J. Defourny and M. Nyssens, •2009, Economie sociale et libéralisation des service, Politique scientifique fédérale.

The objective of the SPE is to incite economists of UCL to popularize their academic work and stress their policy implications. Twelve presentations were given in 2008-2009.

In 2008 :

• October 10: Thierry Bréchet (CORE, UCL), “Nuisances sonores autour de l’aéroport de Bruxelles : une évaluation économétrique”.

• October 24: Vincent Bodart et Vincent Scourneau (IRES, UCL), “Une évaluation de la réforme fiscale en Belgique”.

• November 7: Marjan Maes (UCL), “Implications des réformes du système de retraites en Belgique : une analyse empirique”.

• November 28: Jean Hindriks (CORE, UCL), “Au-delà de Copernic : de la Confusion au Consensus?”.

• December 5: MV. de Groote, P. Della Faille, Ph. Ledent, O. Lefèvre, S. Wibaut, modérateur V. Bodart, “Des origines aux solutions, la crise financière en dix questions”.

In 2009 :

March 27: Alexandre Simons (IRES-UCL), “Comment •la présence des multinationales et les tranferts de technologie affectent-ils la production des économies hôtes ? Etude de cas du marché de la quinine au Sud-Kivu”.

April 2: Marthe Nyssens (IRES, UCL), “Evaluation •comparée de la performance des entreprises titres-services”.

6. The Séminaire de Politique Economique


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April 3: Louis Possoz (Observatoire sur le Relais •Médiatique des Enjeux Energétiques), “Des ingernéticiens aux économistes : enjeux communs et prospective en matière environnementale”.

April 24: Tanguy Isaac (IRES, UCL), “Critique écologique •et économie néo-classique, la possibilité d’un dialogue fructueux?”.

May 8: Elisabeth de Ghellinck (IRES, UCL), “Dix ans après •la libéralisation du marché des télécoms, où en sommes-nous en Belgique?”.

May 28: Thierry Bréchet (CORE, UCL & LSM, UCL), “The •oil peak from an economist’s standpoint”.

June 12: Michel De Vroey (IRES,UCL), “Le libéralisme •économique et la crise”.

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Events and exchanges

In this chapter, we list the events organized at IRES or by IRES members during the academic year 2008-2009. We also list participations to seminars, conferences, workshops and visits of some duration in other universities.

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Conferences organized at UCL1.

Muriel Dejemeppe and David de la Croix were co-or-ganizers of the “Journée doctorales de l’ADRES” (Uni-versity of Louvain-la-Neuve, January 23-24, 2009). The program included about 40 presentations. The conference was held at CORE. The scientific commit-ted was made of Muriel Dejemeppe (IRES, Univer-sité catholique de Louvain), David de la Croix (IRES, Université catholique de Louvain), Sébastien Laurent (Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix), and François Maniquet (CORE, Université catholique de Louvain).

Frédéric Docquier, Sara Salomone and Claudine Stage organized the second conference of “Transnationality of Migrants” (University of Louvain-la-Neuve, January 23-24, 2009). The program includes about 20 pre-sentations and 10 posters. The scientific committee was made of Giorgio Barba Navaretti (Centro Studi Luca d’Agliano and Università degli Studi di Milano), Herbert Brücker (Institute for Employment Research (IAB)), Paola Conconi (ECARES and CEPR) and Frédéric Docquier (IRES, Université Catholique de Louvain).

Hylke Vandenbussche organized the “Belgian Interna-tional Trade” workshop, sponsored by the Belgian Sci-ence Policy under the PAI project on “Economic Policy and Finance in the Global Economy”. The workshop was held at CORE on March 27, 2009. The program included 7 presentations. This event was organized in collaboration with CORE, CES, FUNDP, SHEPRA-Gent and ECARES.

The SEL research seminar2.

Program of the Séminaire Economique de Louvain (SEL)

in 2008:September 16: François Langot (Université du Mans), •“Does the growth process discriminate against older workers”

October 16: Claudio Lucifora (Milan University and •Paris II), “The ‘bologna process’ and college enrollment decisions”

October 23: Kaz Miyagiwa (Emory University, US and •Osaka, Japan), “First-to-invent versus first-to-file : international patent law harmonization and invention”

November 6: Diego Puga (IMDEA, Madrid), “The •productivity advantages of large cities : distinguishing agglomeration from firm selection”

Novembre 13: Cyriaque Edon (UCL-ECON), “Female •labor supply”

November 20: Sandra Poncet (Paris I), “Local export •spillovers : an analysis at the firm and product level”

November 21: Rafael Lalive (DEEP, Université de •Lausanne), “Unemployment benefit sanctions and post unemployment job quality”

December 4: Jan Van Hove (KULeuven and HUBrussels), •“Innovation and bilateral exports of heterogeneous firms : the case of a small open regional economy”

December 11: David Colander (Middlebury College, •USA), “Vision, judgment, and macroeconomic pedagogy”


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In 2009:

January 15: Jiangyong Lu (Tchingua University, Bejing, •china), “Chinese exports sophistication”

February 5: Johannes Spinnewyn (MIT, Cambridge, •USA), “Unemployed but optimistic : optimal insurance design with biased beliefs”

February 12: Christian Gormsen Schmidt (Aarhus •University, Denmark), “Anti-dumping and heterogenesous firms : new protectionism for the new-new trade theory”

March 5: Gerard Willmann (KUL-CES), “A theory of •duming and antidumping”

March 6: Bas Van der Klaauw (VU Amsterdam), •“Incentives versus sorting in tournaments : evidence from a field experiment”

April 29: Ron Davies (UCD, Dublin), “Tax competition in •an enlarged Europe”

May 13: Corinne Autant Bernard (St Etienne, France), •“Quantifying knowledge spillovers using spatial econometric models”

June 11: Franck Portier (GREMAQ, IDEI), “The •international propagation of news shocks”

3. Activities of the Jacquemin Chair on the European Economy

The activities organized under the Jacquemin Chair are done in collaboration with the Fondation Louvain. We have regular meetings with the administration of the Fondation Louvain to plan future events and activities that are sponsored by external donators to the University that care about activities organized on European policy Issues. Examples of activities organized under the Chair are: Annual Lecture Series on European Policies; Annual Keynote Lecture, Belgian day of International Trade, etc. For each activity a particular announcement is made in the format of the Chair and sent round to internal faculty members and a wide database of externals. Author or promoter: Hylke Vandenbussche

The annual keynote lecture of the Jacquemin Chair was given by Professor Damien, NEVEN from the Graduate Institute of international studies in Geneva on March 11, 2009. The topic was “Competition Policy: an insider’s perspective”. This event of the Jacquemin Chair is a joint initiative with The Chair for European Law. Damien NEVEN is a leading expert on competition economics and enforcement and he has published extensively in these areas.

In addition, a series of lecture was organized in the Spring 2009 within the International Economics Seminar:

• January 30: Hylke VANDENBUSSCHE, Professor International Economics, UCL, Chaire Jacquemin. “Topics on EU Policies: Introduction”.

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• February 6: Jozef KONINGS from EU Commission, Bureau of Economic Policy Advisors. “Financial Constraints in Young and Innovative Firms”.

• February 13: Jean-Louis COLSON from EU Commission, DG Competition, Head of Unit. “State Aid and the Financial Crisis”.

• February 20: Bertin MARTENS from the EU Commission, DG Trade, Deputy Chief Economist . “EU trade relations with China”.

• March 6: Erik FAUCOMPRET, Professor University of Antwerp. “Turkish Accession: opportunity or threat?”.

• March 13: Ann HOUTMAN from the EU Commission, Director Internal Affairs. “EU Internal Market Issues in the aftermath of the Financial Crisis”.

• March 20: Kitikumar MEHTA from the EU Commission, Director DG Competition. “Anti-trust Policy in the EU”.

Macroeconomics Lunch Seminar4.

The Macroeconomics Lunch Seminar is intended as an informal forum where researchers present their work in progress in details and receive criticism and feedback from colleagues. PhD students entering the job market are strongly encouraged to present their job market paper. Occasionally, the Macroeconomics Lunch Semi-nar hosts presentations from visiting scholars. The or-ganizers are Luca Pensieroso ([email protected]) and Céline Poilly ([email protected]).

Program – In 2008:

November 5th: Céline Poilly (UCL). “Welfare •Implications of Heterogeneous Labor Markets in a Currency Area”.

November 19th: Cristina Ineagu (World Bank and UCL). •“Career Assimilation of Migrants in the US labour market”.

December 3rd: Carmen Camacho (UCL). “Public •Education for the Children Left Behind and Its Implication on Economic Growth”.

December 17th: Anna Batyra (UCL). “From one to •many islands: The emergence of search and matching models”.

In 2009:

January 14th: Hélène Latzer (UCL). “How do Epidemics •Induce Behavioral Changes?”.

January 28th: Blanca Martinez (UCL and Universidad •Complutense de Madrid). “Population Growth, Human Capital and Economic Growth”.

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February 4th: Luca Pensieroso (UCL). “Worthy •Transfers? A Dynamic Analysis of Turkey’s Accession to the European Union”.

February 25th: Tanguy Isaac (UCL). “Equity and •Efficiency in an Overlapping Generation Model”.

March 11th: José Mourelle (UCL and Central Bank •of Uruguay). “The Argentine Crisis of 2001-2002. Evidence from VAR Analyisis”.

March 18th: Eric Verhoogen (Columbia University). •“Exporting and Individual Wage Premia: Evidence from Mexican Employer-Employee Data”.

April 1st: Bastien Chabé-Ferret (UCL). “A study of the •minorities’ behavior: fertility differential versus cultural assimilation”.

April 29th: Sara Salomone (UCL). “The gender •dimension of migration networks”.

May 13th: Paolo Melindi Ghidi (UCL and University of •Bologna). “A model of ideological transmission with endogenous paternalism”.

May 27th: Aysegul Kayaoglu (UCL). “The Impact of •Bran Drain on Education Policies”.

June 10th: Luca Marchiori (UCL and University of •Luxembourg). “Migration and Human Capital in an Endogenous Fertility Model”.

Other workshops and conferences5.

Raouf Boucekkine acted as a member of the scientific committees of the First Milan workshop on “Dynamics, optimal growth and population change” (University degli studi of Milano, September 18th and 19th, 2008)

Raouf Boucekkine acted as a member of the scientific committees of the International conference on “Sustainable Development: Demographic, Energy and Inter-generational Aspects” (Strasbourg, 28-29 November 2008)

Raouf Boucekkine acted as a member of the scientific committees of the 9th annual conference of the Association of Public Economic Theory (Galway, Ireland, June 18-20, 2009)

Raouf Boucekkine acted as a member of the scientific committees of the 17th Annual Conference of the “EAERE - EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMISTS” (24-27 June 2009, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

Muriel Dejemeppe acted as a member of the scientific committee of the 9th edition of “DAY FOR BELGIAN LABOR ECONOMISTS”, a PAI-IUAP workshop (University of Brussels, June 16, 2008)

Frédéric Docquier acted as a member of the scientific committee of the conference on “Migration and Development” (University of Lille, June 2008)

Frédéric Docquier acted as a member of the scientific committee of the “Chaire Quetelet”

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conference on international migration (University of Louvain-la-Neuve, November 2008)

Marthe Nyssens acted as a member of the scientific committee of the Third Sector and Sustainable Social Change: New Frontiers for Research, International Society for Third Sector Research and EMES Conference, Barcelona, July 2008.

Marthe Nyssens co-organized the “séminaire des doctorants dans le champ de l’économie sociale”, Université de Ouagadougou, Novembre 2008.

Marthe Nyssens co-organized the conference “Universités et recherche, appui aux politiques de coopération au développement”, Bruxelles, novembre 2008.

Marthe Nyssens co-organized the conference CIRTES “Travail, inégalités et responsabilité”, Louvain-la-neuve, novembre 2008

Marthe Nyssens co-organized the session on “L’évaluation et l’analyse comparée des différents types de prestataires dans les services aux personnes”, Colloque CERISIS –CES, Liège, décembre 2008.

Marthe Nyssens acted as a member of the scientific committee, “Second EMES International Conference on Social Enterprise”, Trento, 1- 4 July 2009

6. Presentations in conferences and

Participation to conferences and workshops :

• Boucekkine, R., Vintage capital, economic growth, demography, and environment, November, 2008, International conference on Sustainable Development: Demographic, Energy and Inter-generational Aspects , University of Strasbourg (Louis Pasteur), France

• Boucekkine, R., Promoting Clean technologies under imperfect competition, June, 2009, 9th annual conference of the Association of Public Economic Theory , University of Galway, Ireland

• Boucekkine, R., Maintenance and Investment: Complements or Substitutes? A Reappraisal, July, 2009, 23rd European Conference on Operational Research, University of Bonn, Germany

• Cassiers I., La croissance et le bonheur reconsidérés, October, 2008, Construire ensemble des indicateurs locaux pour le progrès sociétal, University of Rennes - PEKEA, France

• Cassiers I. and Thiry G., Les indicateurs alternatifs au PIB, October, 2008, Journée d’étude interdisciplinaire “Redifining prosperity”, UCL (Bois des rêves)

• Cassiers I., La croissance ne fait pas le bonheur, ni même le bienêtre, October, 2008, ANAU (Association nationale administration université), Bruxelles

• Cassiers I., La croissance ne fait pas le bonheur, les économistes le savent-ils ? , October, 2008, Connaissance et Vie d’aujourd’hui, Ghent, Belgium

• Cassiers I., Dialogue social et transformations socio-économiques : survol d’un demi-siècle , October, 2008, Actualités du dialogue social et du droit de grève, UCL, Faculté de droit, Belgium

and seminars

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• Cassiers I., Etat, concertation et cohésion sociales (Belgique, 1944 à nos jours) : de l’évidence aux doutes, November, 2008, Séance académique “Etat social et cohésion sociale”, Cellule de Recherches sur la Résolution de Conflits (CRRC) et Ministère de la Culture, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, Luxemburg

• Cassiers I., Croissance, bien-être et cohésion sociale : à la recherche d’indicateurs alternatifs au PIB, November, 2008, Colloque”La cohésion sociale au Luxembourg et dans les pays limitrophes, Cellule de Recherches sur la Résolution de Conflits (CRRC) et Ministère de la Culture, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche

• Cassiers I., La croissance ne fait pas le bonheur, les économistes le savent-ils ? , January, 2009, Connaissance et Vie d’aujourd’hui, Hasselt, Belgium

• Cassiers I., Le capitalisme est-il historiquement immuable?, February, 2009, ATTAC, Charleroi, Belgium

• Cassiers I., La croissance ne fait pas le bonheur, les économistes le savent-ils? , March, 2009, Connaissance et Vie d’aujourd’hui, Charleroi, Belgium

• Cassiers I., Sortie de crise : relance ou changement de cap?, May, 2009, La crise financière de 2008 : L’entrée dans le 21e siècle?, UCL, Institut d’études européennes, Belgium

• Cassiers I., Réflexions sur le développement durable, June, 2009, L’UCL et le développement durable: interpellations citoyennes!, UCL, Maison du développement durable, Belgium

• Cassiers I. and Thiry G., Alternative Indicators to GDP: What’s beyond numbers?, July, 2009, Capitalism in Crisis: What’s Next?, Society for the advancement of Socio-economics, University of Paris, Science Po, France

• de la Croix, D., An incentive compatible mechanism to break the unskilled immigration deadlock, October, 2008, Journées GI, Aix – en Provence

• de la Croix, D., The Child is the father of then man – implications for the demographic transition, December, 2008, From rags to riches, Barcelona – Pompeu Fabra

• de la Croix, D., An incentive compatible mechanism to break the unskilled immigration deadlock, June, 2009, Public Economic Theory, Galway

• De Vroey, M., En finir avec la notion de chômage involontaire?, Mai, 2008, Association C. Gide, Université d’Orléans

• De Vroey, M., From One to Many Islands: The Emergence of Search and Matching Models, April, 2009, ESHET Conference, University of Thessalonika

• De Vroey, M., The Marshallian Roots of Keynes’s General Theory, July, 2009, Symposium on Keynesian Economics, Ben Gurion University

• De Vroey, M., The New Classical.Real Business Cycle Revolution: a Matter of Microfoundations?, August, 2009, International Symposium on the History of Economic Thought, University of Sao Pailo

• Docquier, F., Quantifying the impact of Highly-skilled emigration on developing countries, May, 2009, Brain drain and brain gain, Fondazione De Benedetti, Pisa

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• Docquier, F., Brain drain and inequality across nations, September, 2008, Conférence Plein Sud, Facultés Universitaires de Gembloux

• Docquier, F., Brain drain and inequality across nations, November, 2008, Award ceremony of the developing countries prize, Justus-Liebig University Giessen

• Docquier, F., Brain drain and development, May, 2009, IZA-World Bank conference on labor economics and development, IZA, Bonn

• Docquier, F., Some Thoughts on Globalization, International Migration and Economic Development, July, 2009, Cercle des Economistes, Aix en Provence

• Edon, C., Dynamic modeling of fertility and labor market participation of married or cohabiting women, August 2009, EEA-ESEM 2009, Barcelona

• Edon, C., Dynamic modeling of fertility and labor market participation of married or cohabiting women, November September, European Association of Labour Economists, Tallin

• Kayaoglu, A., The Impact of Brain Drain on Education Policies, April, 2009, Spring Meeting of Young Economists (SMYE 2009), Marmara University, Istanbul

• Mourelle, J., Financial shocks and macroeconomic policies during the Argentine crisis of 2001-2002. , May, 2009, Doctoral Workshop in Economics, Université catholique de Louvain

• Mourelle, J., Fiscal sustainability and public debt dynamics during the Argentine and Uruguayan crisis of 2001-2002, June, 2009, 3rd ALBAN Conference, University of Porto

• Ngendakuriyo, F, Institutions quality and growth, June, 2009, Public Economic Theory 09, National University of Ireland, Galway

• Ngendakuriyo, F, Defining New Indicators, Broadening the Data Bases and Refining time series for comparing the economic qualities of legal systems, March, 2009, Institutional competition between Common law and Civil law, Université catholique de Louvain

• Nyssens M., Evaluation de la performance et légitimité du tiers-secteur : le cas du quasi-marché belge du titre service, September, 2008, Colloque Economie Sociale et Solidaire, Nouvelles Pratiques et Dynamiques Territoriales, Nantes

• Nyssens M., Les conceptions de l’entreprise sociale: une approche comparative Europe – Etats-Unis, Septmber, 2008, Colloque Economie Sociale et Solidaire, Nouvelles Pratiques et Dynamiques Territoriales, Nantes

• Nyssens M., L’articulation entre microfinance et microassusrance de santé, November, 2008, Universités et recherche, appui aux politiques de coopération au développement, Bruxelles

• Nyssens M., La régulation des mutuelles de santé, November, 2008, Universités et recherche, appui aux politiques de coopération au développement, Bruxelles

• Nyssens M., Responsabilité sociale des entreprises : le cas des marchés des titre-service, November, 2008, Travail, inégalités et responsabilité, CIRTES, Université catholique de Louvain

• Nyssens M., Quasi-marchés et régulation dans le champ des services aux personnes, L’évaluation et l’analyse comparée des différents types de prestataires dans les services aux personnes, December, 2008, Colloque CERISIS-CES, Liège

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• Nyssens M., Conceptions of Social Enterprise in Europe and the United States, Convergences and Divergences, June, 2009, International Conference on social entrepreneurship, Duke University

• Nyssens M., Conceptions of Social Enterprise in Europe and the United States, Convergences and Divergences, July, 2009, Second EMES International Conference on social enterprise, University of Trento, July 2009, University of Trento

• Nyssens M., Is there any place for a civic entrepeneurship in a quasi-market of domiciliary care?, July, 2009, Second EMES International Conference on social enterprise, University of Trento, July 2009, University of Trento

• Pensieroso, L., Worthy Transfers? A Dynamic Analysis of Turkey’s Accession to the European Union, November, 2008, ASSET 2008 meeting, European University Institute, Florence

• Salomone, S., Are skilled women more migratory than skilled men?, January, 2009, “Third Italian Congress of Econometrics and Emp. Economics”, CIDE, Ancona

• Salomone, S., Are skilled women more migratory than skilled men?, June, 2009, 3rd INSIDE Workshop-Institute for Economic Analysis, Barcelona

• Salomone, S., Are skilled women more migratory than skilled men?, June, 2009, Meeting of the Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, Geneva

• Salomone, S., Are skilled women more migratory than skilled men?, January, 2009, Second Conference of Transnationality of Migrants”, Université catholique de Louvain

• Shen, I.-L., Public education for the children left behind and its implications on growth and inequality, January, 2009, Second Conference of “Transnationality of Migrants”, Université catholique de Louvain

• Shen, I.-L., Low-Skilled Immigration and the Expansion of Private Schools, June, 2009, 13th Annual Conference of the International Society for New Institutional Economics, UC Berkeley, U.S.A.

• Shen, I.-L., Brain Drain in Globalization, June, 2009, 2009 Annual Meeting of the Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, University of Geneva

• Sneessens, H., Demographics and Labour Market Outcomes, June, 2009, LAGV Conference, IDEP, Marseille

• Thiry, G, Alternative Indicators to GDP : What’s beyond the numbers?, July, 2009, Capitalism in Crisis : What’s next?, Society for the Advancement of Socio- Economics, Sciences Po Paris

• Van der Linden, B., Optimal income taxation with endogenous participation and involuntary unemployment, September, 2008, 20th annual conference of the European Association of Labour Economists, University of Amsterdam

• Van der Linden, B., Wage formation, payroll taxation and labor market policies: should they be decentralized?, December, 2008, workshop “Rethinking the foundations of Belgium’s socio-economic institutions”, University Foundation, Brussels

• Vandenbussche, H., Discussion of Dispute Settlement Case “US-EC: Zeroing”, June, 2008, Annual Meeting of American Law Institute (ALI), WTO

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• Vandenbussche, H., Chinese Competition and Skill-upgrading in European Textiles: Firm-level Evidence, September, 2008, European Trade Study Group Annual Conference, Warsaw

• Vandenbussche, H., Antidumping Protection and Exports: Firm-level Analysis, October, 2008, Empirical International Trade Conference, Colorado

• Vandenbussche, H., Antidumping Protection and Exports: Firm-level Evidence for France, February, 2009, SIRE Forum for Young Researchers, University of Strathclyde

• Vandenbussche, H., Antidumping Protection and Exports: Firm-level Evidence for France, February, 2009, Eastern Economic Association Annual Conference, New York

• Vandenbussche, H., Antidumping Protection and Exports: Firm-level Evidence for France, March, 2009, Belgian International Trade Workshop, UCL-CORE, Université catholique de Louvain

• Vandenbussche, H., Dispute Settlement Case on Motor Vehicles in China, June, 2009, Annual Meeting of American Law Institute (ALI), Washington, DC

Presentations in seminars :

• Boucekkine, R., Optimal firm behaviour under environmental constraints, November , 2008, Economics Seminar, University of Glasgow, Department of economics

• Boucekkine, R., Optimal firm behaviour under environmental constraints, December, 2008, Economics Seminar, Stockholm School of Economics

• Cassiers I., Opportunité et danger des indicateurs alternatifs au PIB, March, 2009, Vers une théorie alternative pour les sciences économiques et de gestion, Université libre de Bruxelles

• Cassiers I., Portée socio-économique de modèles alternatifs, May, 2009, Séminaire d’épistémologie du développement durable, Université de Namur

• de la Croix, D., The Child is the father of then man – implications for the demographic transition, April, 2009, Taiwan national University

• de la Croix, D., An incentive compatible mechanism to break the unskilled immigration deadlock, May, 2009, Munich – Institute of Technology

• De Vroey, M., Getting rid of Keynes? A Reflection on the History of Macroeconomics, February, 2008, Economic Seminar, Duke University

• De Vroey, M., Is Economic Theory Less Exciting Today than in the Past?, May, 2008, Doctoral Workshop of Belgian Universities, Université catholique de Louvain

• De Vroey, M., The Interface of Economic Theory and History of Theories , May, 2008, , Université Paris-Nanterre,

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• De Vroey, M., Keynes, Marshall and The General Theory, November, 2008, Keynes Seminar, Cambridge University

• De Vroey, M., Le libéralisme économique et la crise, May, 2009, Séminaire d’Economix, Université Paris-Nanterre,

• De Vroey, M., Le libéralisme économique et la crise, Juin, 2009, Société royale d’économie politique, Bruxelles

• De Vroey, M., Le libéralisme économique et la crise, Juin, 2009, Séminaire de l’IRES, Université catholique de Louvain

• De Vroey, M., The New Classical.Real Business Cycle Revolution: a Matter of Microfoundations?, August, 2009, , University of Brazilia

• Docquier, F., Quantifying the impact of Highly-skilled emigration on developing countries , May, 2009, Department seminar, University of Luxembourg

• Docquier, F., Quantifying the impact of Highly-skilled emigration on developing countries , May, 2009, Development Seminar, University of Paris 1 - PSE

• Docquier, F., Brain drain and inequality across nations, January, 2009, Department seminar, University of Nantes

• Docquier, F., An incentive mechanism to break the low-skill immigration deadlock, June, 2009, Department seminar, University of Nantes

• Edon, C., Dynamic modeling of fertility and labor market participation of married or cohabiting women, November 2008, Séminaire Economique de Louvain, Université Catholique de Louvain

• Mourelle, J., The Argentine crisis of 2001-2002. Evidence from VAR analysis., March, 2009, Macroeconomics Lunch Seminar, Université catholique de Louvain - Belgium

• Nyssens, M., La performance du quasi-marché des titres-servicesmars 2009, March, 2009, Seéminaire de Politique Economique, Université Catholique de Louvain

• Pensieroso, L., Worthy Transfers? A Dynamic Analysis of Turkey’s Accession to the European Union, November, 2008, SIRE Seminars, University of Strathclyde

• Pensieroso, L., Real Business Cycle Models of the Great Depression, May, 2009, Department of Economics Seminars, University of Rome 3 - Rome

• Poilly, C., Welfare Implications of Heterogeneous Labor Markets in a Currency Area, December, 2008, Internal Seminar of Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel Institute for the World Economy

• Poilly, C., Does Money Matter for the Identification of Monetary Policy Shocks: A DSGE Perspective., January, 2009, Economic Seminar of Maastricht University

• Rovegno, L, Trade protection and market power: evidence from US Antidumping, September, 2008, European Trade Study Group (ETSG), University of Warsaw, Warsaw School of Economics

• Salomone, S., The gender dimension of diaspora, April, 2009, Macroe-Lunch Seminar, Université catholique de Louvain

• Salomone, S., Are skilled women more migratory than skilled men?, January, 2009, Tor Vergata seminars

• Shen, I.-L., Low-Skilled Immigration and the Expansion of Private Schools, April, 2009, Research Seminar, Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies, Neuchatel

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• Simons, A., How does technology transfer affects backward linkages?, March, 2009, Séminaire de politique économique, Université catholique de Louvain-Belgium

• Van der Linden, B., Monitoring and sanctions in a non-stationary structural job search model, May, 2009, Economic Seminar, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan

• Van der Linden, B., Monitoring and sanctions in a non-stationary structural job search model, June, 2009, Séminaire de l’ERMES, Université de Paris 2

• Van der Linden, B., Politiques du marché du travail, parafiscalité et formation des salaires, Octobre, 2008, Social Academy, Fédération des Entreprises de Belgique, Bruxelles

• Vandenbussche, H., Heterogenous Responses of Firms to Trade Protection, February, 2008, Geneva Trade Talks Seminar, WTO, Geneva

• Vandenbussche, H., Heterogenous Responses of Firms to Trade Protection, June, 2008, China Summer Institute, CEPR-BREAD, Dalian, China

• Vandenbussche, H., Recent Findings on the Use of Trade Defense Instruments, January, 2009, DG Trade, EU Commission

• Vandenbussche, H., Antidumping Protection and Exports: Firm-level Evidence for France, January, 2009, University of Nottingham, Leverhulme Research Center

• Vandenbussche, H., Antidumping Protection and Exports: Firm-level Evidence for France, February, 2009, University of Paris 1

visits of some duration6.

de la Croix, D., Northwestern University, Department •of Economics, Nov 2008.

de la Croix, D., Taiwan National University, •Department of Economics, Apr 2009.

De Vroey, M., Clemson University, Department of •Economics, Jan-Feb 2008.

Docquier, F., University of Nantes, Department of •Economics, Jan 2009.

Docquier, F., University of Nantes, Department of •Economics, Jun 2009.

Edon, C., IREEP (Institut de Recherche Empirique en •Economie Politique), August 2009.

Khatibi, A., Economic Research Division, World Trade •Organization, Sep-Dec-2008.

Poilly, C., Georgetown University, Department of •Economics, Mar-May 2009.

Shen, I-L., University of Geneva, Department of •Econometrics, Oct 2008-Sep 2009

Sneessens, H., Université du Maine, Le Mans, GAINS, •Faculté de droit et d’économie, Jan 2009.

Van der Linden, B., Université Paris 2, ERMES, •January, Jun 2009.

Van der Linden, B., Università Cattolica del Sacro •Cuore, Milan, Department of economics, May 2009.

Vandenberghe, V., OECD., Oct 2008-Apr 009.•

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