EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Directorate F - Food and Veterinary Office Unit 4 - Food of plant origin, plant health; processing and distribution In cooperation with JRC IRMM, Food & Feed Unit and DG SANCO E1 SANCO/20/03 final Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Products of Plant Origin in the European Union, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein 2001 Report This report "Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Products of Plant Origin in the European Union, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein - Report 2001 - was forwarded to the "Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health - section plant protection products - pesticide residues working group" for agreement on publication on 11 March 2003. The Standing Committee agreed that publication was desirable and noted that this was also the view of Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. March 2003
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EUROPEAN COMMISSIONHEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERALDirectorate F - Food and Veterinary OfficeUnit 4 - Food of plant origin, plant health; processing and distributionIn cooperation with JRC IRMM, Food & Feed Unit and DG SANCO E1
SANCO/20/03 final
Monitoring of Pesticide Residues
in Products of Plant Origin
in the European Union, Norway, Iceland andLiechtenstein
2001 Report
This report "Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Products of Plant Origin in the European Union,Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein - Report 2001 - was forwarded to the "Standing Committee onthe Food Chain and Animal Health - section plant protection products - pesticide residues workinggroup" for agreement on publication on 11 March 2003. The Standing Committee agreed thatpublication was desirable and noted that this was also the view of Norway, Iceland andLiechtenstein.
4. NATIONAL MONITORING PROGRAMMES......................................................... 6
4.1. Monitoring results for 2001............................................................................... 6
4.2. Results of the 2001 national monitoring programmes compared to the previousyears................................................................................................................. 15
4.3. Samples with multiple residues....................................................................... 16
4.4. Most frequently found pesticides .................................................................... 18
5. THE EU CO-ORDINATED MONITORING EXERCISE ....................................... 20
5.1. Sampling design applied in the 2001 EU co-ordinated monitoring programme20
5.2. Evaluation by pesticide.................................................................................... 26
5.3. Evaluation by commodity................................................................................ 36
5.4. Evaluation by country...................................................................................... 38
9.1. National Monitoring programmes ................................................................... 56
9.2. EU co-ordinated monitoring programme ........................................................ 57
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9.3. Quality assurance and sampling ...................................................................... 58
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1. INTRODUCTION
This report covers the national situations with regard to pesticide residues monitoring for thecalendar year 2001 in the 15 EU Member States and the three EFTA States who have signedthe EEA agreement1 (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein). This document can only give anoverall view on monitoring of pesticide residues. Each Member State and the EEA States havebeen invited to contribute a short national statement (in English) for inclusion in thisdocument (Annex 1). More detailed information about the situation in individual countries isavailable from the respective national monitoring authorities and may be requested from them.Pesticide residues in foodstuffs of animal origin, as regulated in Council Directive86/363/EEC2, are not covered by this report.
2. LEGAL BASE
In Council Directives 86/362/EEC3 and 90/642/EEC4, as amended, maximum levels are fixedfor pesticide residues in and on products of plant origin. Member States are asked to checkregularly the compliance of foodstuffs with these levels. Inspections and monitoring should becarried out in accordance with the provisions of Council Directive 89/397/EEC5 on the officialcontrol of foodstuffs, and Council Directive 93/99/EC6 on additional measures concerning theofficial control of foodstuffs. For the year 2001 Commission Directive 79/700/EEC7.onsampling was still applicable.8
Besides national monitoring programmes, the Commission services recommended (viaCommission Recommendation 2001/42/EC9, in the case of 2001) the participation of eachMember State in a specific EU co-ordinated monitoring programme. These programmesbegan in 1996. Their aim is to work towards a system that makes it possible to estimate actualdietary pesticide exposure throughout Europe. The monitoring programme is designed as arolling programme, which covers all major pesticide-commodity combinations in a series of5-year cycles. The first cycle was completed in 2000. This 2001 report is the first report of thesecond cycle, which is designed as 3-year cycle. The time span was reduced to 3 years in orderto have a complete picture of the dietary intake situation after a shorter period of time. Thechoice of commodities includes major components of the Standard European Diet of theWorld Health Organisation.
Article 7 of Council Directive 86/362/EEC and Article 4 of Council Directive 90/642/EEC, asamended by Council Directive 97/41/EC10, require Member States to report to theCommission the results of the monitoring programme for pesticide residues carried out both
1 Agreement on the European Economic Area2 Official Journal No L 221, 07/08/1986 p. 0043 - 00473 Official Journal No L 221, 07/08/1986 p. 0037 - 00424 Official Journal No L 350, 14/12/1990 p. 0071 - 00795 Official Journal No L 186, 30/06/1989 p. 0023 - 00266 Official Journal No L 290, 24/11/1993 p. 0014 - 00177 Official Journal No L 207, 15/08/1979 p. 0026 - 00288 From 1.1.2003 Commission Directive 79/700/EEC will be repealed by Commission Directive 2002/63/EC.9 Official Journal No L 11, 16/01/2001 p. 0040 - 004510 Official Journal No L 184, 12/07/1997 p. 0033 - 0049
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under their national programme and under the EU co-ordinated programme. A format for thereports on the Community programme was agreed (document SANCO/4811/2001). TheCommission is required to compile and collate this information annually.
Since 1 April 2000 Commission Regulation (EC) No 645/200011 is in force, which providesfor detailed implementing rules for the monitoring provisions of Directives 86/362/EEC and90/642/EEC.
3. MAXIMUM RESIDUE L EVELS (MRL), A CCEPTABLE DAILY I NTAKES (ADI) AND ACUTE
REFERENCE DOSES(ACUTE RFD)
Pesticide residue levels in foodstuffs are regulated in order to:
• minimise the exposure of consumers to the harmful or unnecessary intake of pesticides;
• control the correct use of pesticides in terms of the authorisations or registrations granted(application rates and pre-harvest intervals);
• permit the free circulation of products treated with pesticides as long as they comply withthe MRLs fixed.
A maximum residue level (MRL) for pesticide residues is the maximum concentration of apesticide residue (expressed in mg/kg) legally permitted in or on food commodities andanimal feed. MRLs are based on Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) data. Food derived fromcommodities that comply with the respective MRLs are intended to be toxicologicallyacceptable. Exceeded MRLs are indicators of violations of Good Agricultural Practice. IfMRLs are exceeded, comparison of the exposure with ADIs and/or acute RfDs will thenindicate whether or not there are possible chronic or acute health risks, respectively.
The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is the estimate of the amount of a substance in food,expressed on a body-weight basis, that can be ingested daily over a lifetime withoutappreciable health risk to the consumer. The ADI is based on the no observed adverse effectlevels (NOAEL) in animal testing. A safety factor (usually 100) that takes into considerationthe type of effect, the severity or reversibility of the effect, and the inter- and intra-speciesvariability is applied to the NOAEL. The ADI therefore reflects chronic toxicity.
The acute Reference Dose (acute RfD) is the estimate of the amount of a substance in food,expressed on a body-weight basis, that can be ingested over a short period of time, usuallyduring one meal or one day, without appreciable health risk to the consumer. It thereforereflects the acute toxicity. At present, acute Reference Doses have been fixed for a limitednumber of pesticides.
11 Commission Regulation (EC) No 645/2000 of 28 March 2000, Official Journal No. L 78, 29/03/2000, p. 0007 - 0009
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4. NATIONAL MONITORING PROGRAMMES
4.1. Monitoring results for 2001
Summary
The results of the 18 national monitoring programmes are shown in Tables 1 - 6. In total, forthe EU and EEA as a whole, about 46,000 samples were analysed for - on average - 145different pesticides. Analysis is usually performed by multi-methods capable of detecting upto 100 or more pesticides. This means that at least an estimated 4.6 million individualdeterminations were carried out. 60 % of the samples contained no detectable pesticideresidues. Detectable residues at or below the MRL were found in 37 % of the samples. In3.6 % of the samples, the residues exceeded MRLs (both national or EC-MRLs). It wasconfirmed12 that EC-MRLs were exceeded in 3.0 % of all samples13.
The results varied significantly between the different countries. It is important to note,however, that differences in the monitoring programmes, as such, are very likely toaccount for an important part of the variation between countries in the actual presenceof pesticide residues.
Several factors can cause these differences in the monitoring programmes:
• The choice of pesticides investigated
• Sampling, e.g. more random or more targeted; the proportion of domestic and importedfoodstuffs; the choice of crops
• Methods used, e.g. the use of single methods to detect specific, often problematicpesticides
• Analytical capabilities of the laboratories (differences in reporting levels)
• Definition of exceeded levels (e.g. including or excluding analytical uncertainties)
• Differences in national MRLs, leading to differences in exceeded levels reported.
Table 1A and 1B give a general overview of surveillance and follow-up enforcement samplingand the numbers of samples taken for fresh (incl. frozen)14 and processed products,respectively.
12 The definition of confirmed exceedances varies between Member States, this includes for example cases where theanalytical laboratory has certified an exceedance when applying its quality assurance system, cases where officialwarnings have been issued or where legal or administrative consequences have followed.
13 This paragraph relates to the total number of samples (sum of fresh (incl. frozen) and processed products).14 In this reportfresh fruit and vegetables always comprisefrozen fruit and vegetables, although this is not explicitly
mentioned everywhere in the text.
7
In Tables 2 - 6 the detailed results by country are shown. Table 2 gives a summary of allsamples taken (fruit, vegetables and cereals, including both surveillance and follow-upenforcement samples). Tables 3 and 4 relate to surveillance sampling only - for fruit andvegetables and for cereals, respectively. Table 5 shows follow-up enforcement samples takenfor fruit and vegetables only, since no follow-up enforcement samples were taken for cereals.Table 6 relates to processed products (surveillance sampling only, since no follow upenforcement samples were analysed). In Tables 2 and 3 the total sample numbers includingprocessed products are given in the last row of the tables.
Surveillance sampling versus follow-up enforcement sampling
Surveillance and follow-up enforcement sampling are distinguished, since a differentsampling strategy (more or less targeted) can lead to considerably different results, due to themore targeted nature of the follow-up enforcement sampling.
In the guidance document (SANCO/4811/2001) for reporting the results of the 2001 nationaland Community monitoring programmes to the European Commission, surveillance andfollow-up enforcement sampling were defined as follows:
Surveillance sampling means that samples are collected without any particular suspiciontowards a particular producer, consignment, etc.. Surveillance sampling may also includemore targeted samples, which are directed to a special problem, e.g. methamidophos inpeppers or chlormequat in pears from countries where previously problems were found.Samples directed to a special producer or consignment, however, fall within the categoryfollow-up enforcement sampling.
Follow-up enforcement samplingmeans that samples are taken in case of suspicion as afollow-up for previously found violations. Follow-up enforcement sampling is directed to aspecific grower/producer or to a specific consignment. Samples directed to a specific problem,but not to a specific producer/consignment fall within the category surveillance sampling.
Table 1A: Overview of the samples analysed in the EU and EEA States - Breakdown bysurveillanceandfollow-up enforcementsamples
Total number ofsamples analysed in EUand EEA 46149
Surveillance samples 45810 99.3%
Follow-up enforcementsamples
339 0.7%
Table 1A shows that 99.3 % of the samples were surveillance samples and 0.7 % were follow-up enforcement samples. The number of follow-up enforcement samples in 2001 wasconsiderably lower than in 2000 (2,582 in 2000, representing 5.7 % of the total).
As Tables 3 and 5 for fruit and vegetables show, the more targeted nature of the follow-upenforcement sampling leads to both a higher percentage of pesticide findings at or belowMRL (52 % of samples compared to 38 % in the surveillance sampling) and of MRL
8
exceedances (17 % compared to 3.9 % in the surveillance sampling). Consequently, thepercentage of samples without residues is lower for follow-up enforcement samples (31 %compared to 58 % for surveillance samples).
Surveillance sampling of fresh fruit/vegetables versus surveillance sampling of cereals
For cereals, 2337 samples were analysed (Table 4), compared to 40,375 samples for fruit andvegetables (Table 3). Fewer pesticides (81) were analysed in cereals than in fruit andvegetables (145) and the percentage of pesticides found as share of those sought was lower(7.2 %, compared to 44 % for fruit and vegetables). Details of the pesticides most often foundin both product groups are given in Table 8 (page 18/19).
The percentage of samples without residues was considerably higher in cereals (81 %) than infresh fruit and vegetables (58 %). Consequently the percentage of samples with residues at orbelow the MRL and exceeding the MRL was lower in cereals - 27 % and 1.0 %, respectively -compared to 38 % and 3.9 %, respectively, in fruit and vegetables.
Fresh versus processed products
Table 1B: Overview of the samples analysed in the EU and EEA States - Breakdown byfresh (incl. frozen) andprocessedproducts
Total number ofsamples analysed in EUand EEA
46149
Fresh fruit andvegetables 40714 88%
Cereals 2337 5%
Processed products 3098 7%
As indicated in Table 1B, 93 % of the samples taken in the EU and the EEA States were fresh(incl. frozen) fruit, vegetables and cereals. 7 % of the samples were processed products.
Out of 18 countries, 11 took samples of processed products (fruit and vegetables), and about athird of these were taken by the UK (36 %) (Table 6, page 14).
Comparing processed products of fruit and vegetables (Table 6) with fresh products (Table3)15 the percentage of surveillance samples with residues at or below the MRL (national orEC-MRL) and with residues exceeding the MRL (national or EC-MRL) is significantly lowerin processed products. Residues at or below the MRL were found in 29 % of the samples,compared to 38 % in fresh products; residues exceeding the MRL were found in 0.3 % of thesamples (from two countries), compared to 3.9 % in fresh products. As a consequence, thepercentage of samples without residues is significantly higher in processed products (71 %compared to 58 % in fresh products). The low rate of MRL exceedances in processed products
15 In both tables surveillance sampling only
9
is due to the fact that no specific harmonised EC-MRLs for processed products have yet beenset at the EU level. However, Directives 86/362/EEC and 90/642/EEC contain generalprovisions for dried, processed and composite products, which specify that, in the absence of aspecific MRL, the MRL for the fresh product shall be applied, taking into accountconcentration or dilution factors caused by processing. Specific MRLs for processed productsmay or may not have been set at the national level and the general provisions of Directives86/362/EEC and 90/642/EEC are applied differently by Member States.
Since the number of surveillance samples of processed products was low (3,098 samples)compared to fresh products (40,375 samples) the statistics do not change much whenprocessed products are included in the overall table, Table 2, (last row) and in Table 3 (lastrow) for fruit and vegetables.
10
Table 2: Results of the eighteen national monitoring programmes16 for pesticide residues onfresh (incl. frozen) fruit, vegetables and cereals, sum of surveillance and follow upenforcementsamples. The resultsincluding processed productsare shown in thelastrow of the table.
16 See the explanation about the differences in monitoring results by country under chapter 4.1, p. 6
11
Table 3: Results of the eighteen national monitoring programmes for pesticide residues onfresh(incl. frozen) fruit and vegetables, surveillance sampling only.The results includingprocessed productsare shown in thelast row of the table.
No. ofsamplesanalysed
No. ofpesticides
analysed for
No. ofdifferentpesticides
found
%foundfrom
sought
No. ofsampleswithoutdetec-table
residues
% No. ofsamples
withresiduesbelow orat MRL(national
or ECMRLs)
% No. of sampleswith residuesabove MRL(national orEC MRLs)
Table 4: Results of the eighteen national monitoring programmes for pesticide residues oncereals, surveillance sampling only.(No follow up enforcement samples or processedproducts on cereal basis were analysed).
No. ofsamplesanalysed
No. ofpesticidesanalysed
for
No. ofdifferentpesticides
found
%foundfrom
sought
No. ofsampleswithoutdetec-table
residues
% No. ofsamples
withresidues
below or atMRL
(national orEC MRLs)
% No. ofsamples
withresidues
above MRL(national orEC MRLs)
% No. ofsamples
withconfir-
medresiduesaboveEC-
MRLs
%
B 35 11 4 36 5 14 30 86 0 0 0 0
DK 211 80 10 13 191 91 19 9.0 1 0.5 1 0.5
D 298 71 19 27 201 67 93 31 4 1.3 4 1.3
EL 5 3 0 0 5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
E 243 80 8 10 223 92 18 7.4 2 0.8 2 0.8
F 271 136 7 5.1 149 55 120 44 2 0.7 2 0.7
IRL 30 75 1 1.3 29 97 1 3.3 0 0 0 0
I 508 n/a n/a n/a 422 83 76 15 10 2.0 10 2.0
L 10 52 0 0 10 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
NL 204 315 12 3.8 69 34 135 66 0 0 0 0
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P 62 96 5 5.2 49 79 12 19 1 1.6 1 1.6
FIN 67 159 5 3.1 35 52 30 45 2 3.0 2 3.0
S 237 46 7 15 215 91 21 8.9 1 0.4 1 0.4
UK 47 21 4 19 7 15 40 85 0 0 0 0
Norway 105 42 6 14 61 58 44 42 0 0 0 0
Iceland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Liech-ten-stein
4 32 0 0 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 2337 81(Average)
6(Average)
7.2 1675 72 639 27 23 1.0 23 1.0
n/a: not available
13
Table 5: Results of the eighteen national monitoring programmes for pesticide residues onfresh(incl. frozen) fruit and vegetables, enforcement sampling only.
No. ofsamplesanalysed
No. ofsampleswithoutdetec-table
residues
% No. ofsamples
withresiduesbelow orat MRL(national
or ECMRLs)
% No. ofsamples with
residuesabove MRL(national orEC MRLs)
% No. ofsamples
withconfir-
medresiduesaboveEC-
MRLs
%
B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D 19 13 68 6 32 0 0 0 0
EL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F 192 53 28 117 61 22 11 17 8.9
IRL 5 4 80 1 20 0 0 0 0
I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NL 18 2 11 11 61 5 28 2 11
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P 3 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
FIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
S 52 19 37 22 42 11 21 8 15
UK 7 0 0 7 100 0 0 0 0
Nor-way
35 10 29 11 31 14 40 14 40
Iceland 8 0 0 2 25 6 75 6 75
Liech-ten-stein
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 339 104 31 177 52 58 17 47 14
14
Table 6: Results of eleven national monitoring programmes for pesticide residues inprocessedproducts, surveillance sampling only
No. ofsamplesanalysed
No. ofsampleswithoutdetec-table
residues
% No. ofsamples
withresiduesbelow orat MRL(national
or ECMRLs)
% No. ofsamples with
residuesabove MRL(national orEC MRLs)
% No. ofsamples
withconfir-
medresiduesaboveEC-
MRLs
%
B 102 93 91 8 7.8 1 1.0 1 1.0
DK 231 223 97 8 3.5 0 0 0 0
D* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
EL 365 110 30 249 68 6 1.6 0 0
E* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F 261 57 22 204 78 0 0 0 0
IRL* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
L 4 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
NL 17 16 94 1 5.9 0 0 0 0
A* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P 108 88 81 20 19 0 0 0 0
FIN 275 218 79 55 20 2 0.7 2 0.7
S 456 410 90 46 10 0 0 0 0
UK 1127** 834 74 293 26 0 0 0 0
Nor-way
152 143 94 9 5.9 0 0 0 0
Ice-land*
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Liech-ten-
stein*
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 3098 2196 71 893 29 9 0.3 3 0.1
* no processed products were analysed** This figure includes 96 tea samples.
15
4.2. Results of the 2001 national monitoring programmes compared to the previousyears
Sum of fruit vegetables and cereals
60
3
61
3.4
61
3.3
64
4.3
61
4.5
59
3.9
37 36 3632
35 37
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Samples with nodetectable residues
Samples with residuesbelow or at MRL (national
or EC-MRL)
Samples with residuesabove MRL (national or
EC-MRL)
%sa
mpl
esof
tota
lsam
ples
199619971998199920002001
Figure 1: National monitoring results 1996 - 2001 for fruit, vegetables and cereals (sum of surveillance andfollow-up enforcement sampling, fresh (incl. frozen) products only) collected in 18 participating countries
Figure 1 gives an overview of the residue situation of 2001 compared to previous years. Onlythe results for fresh (incl. frozen) fruit, vegetables and cereals are shown, since only thesewere reported in all previous years. The chart shows that there is no clear trend in theoccurrence of residues over the last 6 years. The percentage of samples with no detectableresidues has slightly decreased compared to previous years, whereas the percentage of sampleswith residues at or below MRL has increased compared to the years 1999 and 2000, bringingthe levels back to that found during 1996 - 1998. The percentage of exceedances hasdecreased compared with data of the last two years, but is higher than that found during 1996 -1998.
The fact that the data vary from year to year is not necessarily due to a real change in theresidue situation. As outlined previously in chapter 4.1, the national monitoring programmesdiffer considerably from year to year. In most countries, priorities for the monitoringprogrammes are set annually at the national level and are often targeted to specific problems.Other factors which contribute to this variation include changes in the legislative situation,e.g. changes of MRLs, as well as the constantly improving quality of the analyticallaboratories, which are able to detect and quantify lower amounts and a higher number ofdifferent pesticides. Furthermore, comparability of the 1996 - 2001 data is somewhat limited,since the number of countries included in the reports was not the same during all the six years.
16
4.3. Samples with multiple residues
Table 7 summarises samples in which more than one pesticide residue was found. Residues ofmore than one pesticide were found in about 18 % of the analysed samples. As the Italian dataprovided only the sum of samples with multiple residues, not broken down by category, noconclusion can be drawn with regard to the results for the different categories.
Table 7: Samples with residues of more than one pesticide in fresh (incl. frozen) fruit,vegetables and cereals, sum of surveillance and follow-up enforcement sampling
No. ofsamplesanalysed
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 andmore
No. ofsamples
withmultipleresidues
%
B 927 80 29 17 6 1 0 0 133 14.3
DK 3250 356 150 72 34 12 4 1 629 19.4
D 6340 662 347 117 47 20 11 2 1206 19.0
EL 1374 96 15 9 3 0 0 0 123 9.0
E 3341 194 104 46 10 3 0 0 357 10.7
F 4108 600 323 140 88 22 12 5 1190 29.0
IRL 331 40 21 2 3 0 0 0 66 19.9
I * 9365 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 1067 11.4
L 167 15 4 2 0 0 0 0 21 12.6
NL 2879 418 268 145 55 29 16 8 939 32.6
A 962 99 43 21 4 4 4 3 178 18.5
P 496 50 16 4 2 0 0 0 72 14.5
FIN 2164 236 118 46 18 2 2 1 423 19.5
S 2493 237 141 56 22 4 1 0 461 18.5
UK 2017 252 130 32 21 10 2 1 448 22.2
Norway 2466 248 94 27 12 3 4 0 388 15.7
Iceland 308 29 12 13 6 2 1 0 63 20.5
Liechtenstein 63 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3.2
Total 43051 (3614) (1815) (749) (331) (112) (57) (21) 7766
* Only the total number of samples with multiple residues was provided for Italy, therefore the results for each categorydo not include Italy and the sample numbers do not add up to the total of 7,766.
17
Samples with multiple residues in the years 1996 - 2001
Samples with multiple residues
0
5
10
15
20
25
Sum ofsamples with
multipleresidues
2 differentresidues
3 differentresidues
4 differentresidues
5 differentresidues
6 differentresidues
7 differentresidues
8and moredifferentresidues
%sa
mpl
esof
tota
lsam
ples
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Figure 2: Samples with multiple residues - Comparison of the years 1996 - 2001, fresh (incl. frozen) fruit,vegetables and cereals only, sum of surveillance and enforcement sampling
For Italy, only the total number of samples with multiple residues was provided.
Figure 2 gives an overview of the distribution of samples with multiple residues in the years1996 to 2001. To facilitate comparison with previous years, only fresh fruit, vegetables andcereals have been shown.
In 2001, the percentage of samples containing multiple residues has significantly increasedcompared to the 4 previous years. Only the 1996 data showed higher levels, but the 1996 datashould be treated with caution, since only 11 countries delivered data17.
Since Italy did not provide data for the different categories (samples with 2, 3, etc. residues)only the sum of samples with multiple residues can be given for 2001 and no conclusion canbe drawn on the distribution over the different categories.
17 In 1997 and 1998 fifteen countries out of sixteen delivered data for this overview, in 1999 sixteen countries out ofseventeen and in 2000 and 2001 all eighteen countries delivered data.
18
4.4. Most frequently found pesticides
The pesticides that have been most frequently found in the national monitoring programmesare shown in Table 8. In 2001, a separation between the pesticides found in fruit andvegetables and in cereals was made, since the findings can be very different for both productgroups. Member States, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein were asked to prepare a list of theten most frequently found pesticides in decreasing order of frequency. The list was establishedby calculating the percentages of the findings of each pesticide in relation to the total numberof samples analysed for this specific pesticide. The data received have been included asreported by the respective country.
Table 8: Pesticides found most often in the national (incl. co-ordinated) monitoring programmesin the European Union, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein fora) fruit and vegetablesandb) cereals, as reported
Country Pesticides found most often. The last row lists the pesticides mentioned mostoften from all Member States and Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein
Fruit and vegetables Cereals
B Chlormequat, propamocarb, bromide,imazalil, prochloraz, chlorpropham, manebgroup, iprodione, thiabendazol, andbenomyl group
Country Pesticides found most often. The last row lists the pesticides mentioned mostoften from all Member States and Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein
Fruit and vegetables Cereals
I No data provided.L Pyrimethanil, iprodione, procymidone,
folpet, metalaxyl, captan, tolclofos-methyl,tolylfluanid, phosalone and methidathion
The table shows that the most frequently found pesticides on fruit and vegetables were mainlyfungicides, as in previous years. On cereals, the pesticides found were mainly insecticides. In
20
the year 2001, the 10 most frequently found pesticides were almost identical to the ones foundin 2000, and the majority was identical to those found in previous years.
In 2000, the reporting procedure changed. In 1996 - 1999 theabsolutenumber of findings wasreported whereas, from 2000 onwards, therelative frequency of pesticides' occurrences werereported. This situation limits the comparability of the data collected during 1996 - 1999 withthose collected in 2000 and 2001.
5. THE EU CO-ORDINATED MONITORING EXERCISE
As an EU co-ordinated monitoring exercise, the Commission recommended in 2001 viaCommission Recommendation 2001/42/EC that five commodities should be tested (apples,tomatoes, lettuce, strawberries and table grapes) for 36 pesticides (acephate, azinphos-methyl,azoxystrobin, benomyl group18, captan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphos-methyl,deltamethrin, diazinon, dichlofluanid, dicofol, dimethoate, disulfotone, endosulfan, folpet,imazalil, iprodione, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, maneb group19, mecarbam, metalaxyl,methamidophos, methidathion, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin, phorate,pirimiphos-methyl, procymidone, propyzamide, thiabendazole, triazophos, thiometon andvinclozolin). This list has been extended substantially compared to previous years andcomprises the 20 pesticides analysed in 1998 to 2000 plus 16 additional ones. It also includesall the pesticides analysed in 1996 and 1997, apart from one20.
All Member States and EEA States participated in the EU co-ordinated programme. Overall,around 9,868 samples were analysed (2,641 apple samples, 2,016 tomato samples, 1,838lettuce samples, 1,652 strawberry samples and 1,721 grape samples). This is about twice thenumber of samples as in previous years. However, not all of the samples were analysed for all36 pesticides.
5.1. Sampling design applied in the 2001 EU co-ordinated monitoring programme
5.1.1. Description of the sampling design
In order to achieve reliable information concerning the concentration of pesticides in fruit,vegetables and cereals on the European market a suitable sampling plan is required.According to Commission Recommendation 2001/42/EC, each Member State should take theminimum number of samples specified in the Annex (cf. Table 9).
The sampling design of the co-ordinated programme is based on a statistical method proposedby Codex Alimentarius21.. Based on a binomial probability distribution, it can be calculatedthat examination of a total sample number of 459 gives a 99 % confidence of detecting onesample containing pesticides above a specific level if it is anticipated that 1 % of products of
18 The benomyl-group comprises three different compounds (benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl), which areanalysed with the same analytical method and determined as sum, expressed as carbendazim.
19 The maneb group, by legal definition, comprises five different dithiocarbamates, which are determined as sum,expressed as CS2.
20 DDT was only analysed in 1997 and is not included in the list of the 36 pesticides.21 Codex Alimentarius, Pesticide Residues in Foodstuffs, Rome 1994, ISBN 92-5-20372271-1; Vol. 2, p. 372
21
plant origin will contain residues above this specific level. This level could be the reportinglevel22 or the MRL.
The minimum numbers of samples to be taken of each commodity were fixed at a differentlevel for each country, according to their population and consumer numbers, since adjustingthe sample size to the size of the national markets improves the precision of the samplingdesign. The required number of samples varied between 12 and 93, resulting in a total of 460samples for all Member States and 496 samples for all participating countries (incl. EEAStates). This procedure was the same as in the exercises 1998 - 2000. In 2001, therecommended number of samples was taken in most cases and in many cases more sampleswere taken than recommended. However, Iceland and Liechtenstein did not take the requiredsample numbers for most of the commodities and Ireland took the required sample numbersonly for 2 out of 5 commodities. Most samples were taken for apples, followed by tomatoes,lettuce, table grapes and strawberries. Table 9 shows the required number of samples byMember State compared to the number of samples actually taken.
22 The reporting level is the routinely achievable limit of quantification (lowest level at which residues will be reportedas absolute numbers) for the monitoring laboratories and normally corresponds to the lowest calibrated level.
22
Table 9: Numbers of samples taken by Member State for each commodity
Number of samples taken by commodityCountryRecommen-ded numberof samples(for each
5.1.2. Statistical evaluation of the results of the co-ordinated exercise
As described in section 5.1.1. the statistical approach of Codex Alimentarius requires that atleast one sample of the whole number of samples must contain a specific concentration of acertain pesticide (e.g. above the reporting level or above the MRL) in order to assess thelowest portion of food items containing pesticides above this specific level in the wholepopulation. In the following section, this lowest portion is estimated on a 95% confidencelevel for each of the 35 pesticides23.
The portion of samples with residues below or at the MRL (grey columns) or exceeding theMRL (white columns) of the respective pesticide are shown in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6. Theresults are presented in a logarithmic scale in order to accommodate a broad range of data inthe figures. In addition, the corresponding confidence interval on the 95 % level is shown,reflecting the sampling error. The sampling error, in this context, reflects the variability of thedata due to the different numbers of samples taken for the determination of the respectivepesticide. Other error sources, such as how and when the samples were taken are not includedin this estimation.
The impact of the sampling error on the final result is illustrated using the reportedconcentrations of the benomyl group in the food items. 5,433 samples have been analysed and447 of them showed residues below or at the MRL. The number of 5,433 samples representsonly a part of the whole European market, therefore the calculated fraction of samples withresidues below or at the MRL (447/5433 = 8.23 %) is only an estimate for the true butunknown value. The variability of this value can be calculated and is expressed in terms of %samples, shown as error bars in the above mentioned Figures. For the example of the benomylgroup, this means that the true value of the number of samples with residues at or below theMRL would vary between 407 and 489 samples, which corresponds to a range of 7.5 to 9.0 %.
The relative sampling error increases with decreasing numbers of samples of a certaincategory. For cases where no samples with exceeding MRLs have been found, those error barsreflect the actual percentage of the specific commodity in the whole population that could stillcontain residues above the MRL. For example, no sample with residues exceeding the MRLfor disulfotone was found in the co-ordinated monitoring exercise, but the upper limit of theerror range is 0.16 %, which means that still 0.16 % of the specific commodities in the wholepopulation (European market) could have exceeding MRLs for disulfotone. This upper limitof the error range for the other pesticides for which no residues exceeding the MRL have beenfound (e.g. azinphosmethyl, mecarbam, oxymethon-methyl, permethrin), varied from 0.05 to0.27 - depending on the number of samples included (ranging from 1430 to 8866 for theindividual pesticides) - and was considered as very low. This ensures sufficient precision ofthe results and allows for subsequent risk analysis calculations to be carried out.
23 36 pesticides were analysed, but the results for captan and folpet were combined, because the MRL relates to the sumof captan and folpet.
24
Statistical evaluation of the results of the co-ordinated exercise:Percentage of samples with residues at or below MRL (national or EC-MRL) or exceeding theMRL (national or EC-MRL) for a specific pesticide with the respective error bars in alogarithmic scale
Figure 3: Results of the monitoring programme (I)
Figure 4:Results of the monitoring programme (II)
Results from the EU co-ordinatedmonitoring programme 2001 (I)
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Acephat
e
Azinpho
smethyl
Azoxys
trobin
Benom
ylgro
up
Chloroth
alonil
Chlorpyrip
hos
Chlorpyr
iphos-meth
yl
Deltam
ethrin
Diazin
on
Dichloflu
anid
%S
ampl
es
%Samples with residues below or at the MRL
Samples with residues above the MRL
Results from the EU co-ordinatedmonitoring programme 2001 (II)
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Dicofol
Dimeth
oate
Disulfoto
ne
Endosulf
an
Captan+
Folpet (S
um)
Imaza
lil
Ipro
dione
Lambda-c
yhaloth
rin
Mala
thion
Man
eb-gro
up
%S
ampl
es
%Samples with residues below or at the MRL
Samples with residues above the MRL
25
Figure 5:Results of the monitoring programme (III)
Figure 6:Results of the monitoring programme (IV)
Results from the EU co-ordinatedmonitoring programme 2001 ( III)
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Mecar
bam
Met
alaxy
l
Met
hamidophos
Meth
idathio
n
Omet
hoate
Oxydemeth
on-m
ethyl
Perm
ethrin
Phorate
Pirimiphos-
meth
yl
Procym
idone
%S
ampl
es%Samples with residues below or at the MRL
Samples with residues above the MRL
Results from the EU co-ordinatedmonitoring programme 2001 (IV)
The summarised results are given in Table 10 for all 35 pesticides24. The table also givesinformation on the highest residue of a particular pesticide found in a composite sample inthis monitoring exercise. Table 11 shows a selection of the most important pesticide-commodity combinations. More details can be found in Annex 2, where the complete resultsfor all reporting countries and all commodities are given.
The results vary among the 35 different pesticides investigated. In the EU co-ordinatedmonitoring programmes, residues of the maneb group were found most often (16.0 %* of allsamples), followed by iprodione (10.5 %*), procymidone (10.4 %*), benomyl group (8.7 %),captan/folpet (sum) (8.5 %), chlorpyriphos (5.3 %), endosulfan (4.2 %), vinclozolin (3.4 %),thiabendazol (3.0 %), dichlofluanid (2.5 %), dimethoate (2.2 %) and chlorothalonil (2.1 %).Seven further pesticides were found in amounts between 1 and 2 %, the remainder below 1 %.Disulfotone, oxydemeton-methyl and thiometon were not detected, but the number of samplesanalysed for these three pesticides was low (< 3,000) compared to the sample numbersanalysed for the other pesticides (up to 9,000) and they were only analysed by 6-8 countries.Azoxystrobin, a relatively new fungicide for which MRLs have been set in recent years, wasanalysed by 13 countries (about 5,000 samples). It was detected at or below the MRL in 1.9 %of the samples and exceeded in 0.04 % of the samples.
The maneb group was found mainly in lettuce and table grapes, but also to a large extent intomatoes and apples. About 24 %* of all lettuce and grape samples and about 11 %* of alltomato and apple samples contained residues of the maneb group.
Residues of iprodione were found most often in lettuce (22 %* of all lettuce samples), tablegrapes (17%*) and strawberries (12 %*). Residues of procymidone were found most often ingrapes (18 %*), but also in tomatoes (13 %*), lettuce (12 %*) and strawberries (12 %*).Residues of the benomyl group and captan/folpet were found most often in apples (15 %* and21 %* of all apple samples, respectively). More details about the occurrence of furtherpesticides in specific commodities are shown in Table 11.
Residues of the maneb group exceeded MRLs most often (0.61 % of all samples), followed bythe benomyl group (0.44 %), endosulfan (0.32 %), dicofol and methamidophos (0.28 % each).
The MRL for the maneb group was exceeded most often in lettuce (2.5 % of all lettucesamples). The residues of the benomyl group exceeded the MRL most often on strawberries(2.2 % of all strawberry samples). Residues of endosulfan, dicofol and methamidophosexceeded the MRL most often on strawberries (0.69 %, 0.65 % and 0.54 %, respectively of allstrawberry samples). Endosulfan was also exceeded on lettuce (0.58 % of all lettuce samples).
The maneb group was the pesticide both most often found and for which MRLs (national orEC-MRLs) was most often exceeded.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the findings with regard to the 35 different pesticides in decreasingorder of percentages.
24 36 pesticides were analysed but the results for Captan + Folpet were combined, see footnote 23.
27
The highest residues found were 31 mg/kg maneb group, 29.9 mg/kg captan/folpet, 29 mg/kgiprodione, 14.8 mg/kg chlorothalonil, 13 mg/kg dichlofluanid, 14.8 mg/kg vinclozolin and10.8 mg/kg procymidone, all of them on lettuce. This corresponds with the 1996 results,where the highest residues were also found mainly on lettuce.
* Percentages include sum of samples with residues at or below the MRL and exceeding the MRL
28
Table 10: Results from the EU co-ordinated monitoring programme for pesticide residues foreach pesticide analysed for in apples, tomatoes, lettuce, strawberries and table grapes
Pesticide TotalNo. of
samples
No. ofsampleswithoutresidues
No. ofsamples
withresiduesbelow orat MRL
% No. ofsamples
withresiduesaboveMRL
% Maximum residuefound in mg/kg(commodity inwhich it was
Results of the 2001 co-ordinated exercise by pesticide:
Fig. 7: Percentage of samples at or below MRL (national or EC) andFig. 8: Percentage of samples exceeding the MRL (national or EC)
Percentage of samples with residues at or below the MRL
0123456789
10111213141516
Maneb-group
Iprodione
Procymidone
Captan+ Folpet (Sum)
Benomyl group
Chlorpyriphos
Endosulfan
Vinclozolin
Thiabendazol
Dichlofluanid
Dimethoate
Chlorothalonil
Azoxystrobin
Metalaxyl
Azinphosmethyl
Chlorpyriphos-methyl
Omethoate
Deltamethrin
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Acephate
Dicofol
Metham
idophos
Imazalil
Malathion
Propyzamide
Diazinon
Permethrin
Methidathion
Pirimiphos-m
ethyl
Phorate
Triazophos
Mecarbam
Disulfotone
Oxydemethonmethyl
Thiomethon
Pesticides
%
Figure 7: Samples with residues at or below MRL (national or EC-MRL)
Percentage of samples with residues exceeding the MRL
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
Maneb-group
Benomyl group
Endosulfan
Dicofol
Metham
idophos
Acephate
Procymidone
Captan+Folpet(Sum)
Vinclozolin
Chlorpyriphos
Thiabendazol
Chlorothalonil
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Chlorpyriphos-methyl
Azoxystrobin
Metalaxyl
Diazinon
Propyzamide
Deltamethrin
Dimethoate
Malathion
Iprodione
Omethoate
Imazalil
Dichlofluanid
Pirimiphos-m
ethyl
Azinphosmethyl
Disulfotone
Mecarbam
Methidathion
Oxydemethonmethyl
Permethrin
Phorate
Triazophos
Thiomethon
Pesticides
%
Figure 8: Samples with residues exceeding the MRL (national or EC-MRL)
31
Table 11: Presentation of the most important pesticide-commodity combinations where residueswere found (in alphabetical order)
Pesticides Detected most often in25 MRL exceeded most often in
Acephate Lettuce(3.07% of all lettuce samples; equal to0.56% of all samples)
Tomatoes(0.32% of all tomato samples;equal to 0.07% of all samples)
Azinphosmethyl Apples(5.47% of all apple samples, equal to1.45% of all samples)
No exceedances.
Azoxystrobin Table grapes(7.70% of all table grape samples;equal to 1.69% of all samples)
Lettuce(0.23% of all lettuce samples;equal to 0.04% of all samples)
Benomyl group Apples(15.26% of all apple samples; equal to4.33% of all samples)
Table grapes(8.42% of all table grape samples;equal to 1.62% of all samples)
Strawberries(2.20% of all strawberry samples;equal to 0.31% of all samples)
Chlorothalonil Tomatoes(6.50% of all tomato samples; equal to1.34% of all samples)
Lettuce(0.38% of all lettuce samples;equal to0.07% of all samples)
Chlorpyriphos Apples(10.94% of all apple samples; equal to2.84% of all samples)
Table grapes(11.03% of all table grape samples;equal to 2.00% of all samples)
Table grapes(0.31% of all table grape samples;equal to0.06% of all samples)
Chlorpyriphos-methyl
Table grapes(4.00% of all table grape samples;equal to 0.73% of all samples)
Table grapes(0.13% of all table grape samples;equal to 0.02% of all samples)
Deltamethrin Lettuce(3.78% of all lettuce samples; equal to0.70% of all samples)
Table grapes(0.13% of all table grape samples;equal to 0.02% of all samples)
Diazinon Apples(0.59% of all apple samples; equal to0.15% of all samples)
Table grapes(0.13% of all table grape samples;equal to 0.02% of all samples)
Dichlofluanid Strawberries(6.08% of all strawberry samples;equal to 1.03% of all samples)
Lettuce(0.06% of all lettuce samples;equal to 0.01% of all samples)
25 Percentages in this column include samples at or below the MRL and exceeding the MRL
32
Pesticides Detected most often in25 MRL exceeded most often in
Dicofol Table grapes(1.48% of all table grape samples;equal to 0.28% of all samples)
Strawberries(0.65% of all strawberry samples;equal to 0.11% of all samples)
Dimethoate Table grapes(4.87% of all table grape samples;equal to 0.86% of all samples)
Lettuce(0.13% of all lettuce samples;equal to 0.02% of all samples)
Disulfotone Not detected.
Endosulfan Tomatoes(9.29% of all tomato samples; equal to1.88% of all samples)
Strawberries(0.69% of all strawberry samples;equal to 0.12% of all samples)
Captan+ Folpet(Sum)
Apples(20.66% of all apple samples; equal to5.47% of all samples)
Table grapes(8.79% of all table grape samples;equal to 1.64% of al samples)
Lettuce(0.42% of all lettuce samples;equal to 0.08% of all samples)
Imazalil Apples(1.10% of all apple samples; equal to0.30% of all samples)
Table grapes(0.07% of table grape samples;equal to 0.01% of all samples)
Iprodione Lettuce(21.77% of all lettuce samples; equalto 4.19% of all samples)
Table grapes(16.60% of all table grape samples;equal to 3.01% of all samples)
Strawberries(12.00% of all strawberry samples;equal to 2.10% of all samples)
Lettuce(0.12% of all lettuce samples;equal to 0.02% of all samples)
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Table grapes(1.99% of all table grape samples;equal to 0.38% of all samples)
Table grapes(0.14% of table grape samples;equal to 0.03% of all samples)
Malathion Strawberries(1.60% of all strawberry samples;equal to 0.28% of all samples)
Strawberries(0.13% of all strawberry samples;equal to 0.02% of all samples)
33
Pesticides Detected most often in25 MRL exceeded most often in
Maneb-group Lettuce(24.63% of all lettuce samples; equalto 5.35% of all samples)
Table grapes(24.27% of all table grape samples;equal to 4.85% of all samples)
Tomatoes(11.75% of all tomato samples; equalto 2.75% of all samples)
Apples(11.40% of all apple samples; equal to2.31% of all samples)
Lettuce(2.45% of all lettuce samples;equal to 0.53% of all samples)
Mecarbam Only 1 detection. No exceedances
Metalaxyl Lettuce(4.43% of all lettuce samples; equal to0.82% of all samples)
Strawberries(0.14% of all strawberry samples;equal to 0.03% of all samples)
Methamidophos Lettuce(2.18% of all lettuce samples; equal to0.39% of all samples)
Strawberries(0.54% of all strawberry samples;equal to 0.09% of all samples)
Methidathion Only 8 detections;5 on apples
No exceedances
Omethoate Table grapes(3.01% of all table grape samples;equal to 0.57% of all samples)
Lettuce(0.07% of all lettuce samples;equal to 0.01% of all samples)
Oxydemethonmeth Not detectedPermethrin Lettuce
(0.55% of all lettuce samples; equal to0.10% of all samples)
No exceedances
Phorate Only 1 detection, on lettuce No exceedances
Pirimiphos-methyl Only 4 detections; 2 on table grapes 1 exceedance, on table grapes
34
Pesticides Detected most often in25 MRL exceeded most often in
Procymidone Table grapes(17.63% of all table grape samples;equal to 3.18% of all samples)
Tomatoes(12.91% of all tomato samples; equalto 2.63% of all samples)
Lettuce(11.98% of all lettuce samples; equalto 2.27% of all samples)
Strawberries(12.27% of all strawberry samples;equal to 2.13% of all samples)
Apples(0.49% of all apple samples; equalto 0.12% of all samples)
Propyzamide Lettuce(1.52% of all lettuce samples; equal to0.30% of all samples)
Lettuce(0.07% of all lettuce samples;equal to 0.01% of all samples)
Table grapes(0.07% of all table grape samples;equal to 0.01% of all samples)
Thiabendazol Apples(9.47% of all apple samples; equal to2.57% of all samples)
Strawberries(0.34% of all strawberry samples;equal to0.06% of all samples)
Triazophos Only 1 detection, on apples No exceedances
Thiomethon No detections
Vinclozolin Lettuce(8.63% of all lettuce samples; equal to1.59% of all samples)
Tomatoes(0.39% of all tomato samples;equal to 0.08% of all samples)
The most important pesticide-commodity combination where detectable residues were found(incl. those at or below the MRL and exceeding the MRL) was maneb group/lettuce, manebgroup/table grapes, iprodione/lettuce and captan/folpet (sum)/apples.
With regard to MRL exceedances the most important pesticide-commodity combinations weremaneb group/lettuce and benomyl group/strawberries.
35
Table 12: Comparative overview of the nine pesticides that were analysed in both 1996 and 2001on the same five commodities.
% of samples with residues ABOVE the MRLApples Tomatoes Lettuce Strawberries Table Grapes
Table GrapesApples Tomatoes Lettuce Strawberries
In 2001 the same five commodities were analysed as in 1996. Table 12 shows a comparativeoverview of the nine pesticides which were analysed in both 1996 and 2001.
As the table shows, there is no clear trend in the residue findings. Overall, there is a tendencytowards higher percentage of findings below or at the MRL in 2001 than in 1996; at the sametime there is a lower rate of exceeding MRLs in 2001. However, the comparison is difficult asthe MRLs may have changed from 1996 to 2001.
For tomatoes, the results suggest that the situation with regard to residues at or below theMRL has worsened for almost all pesticides (apart from methamidophos). For apples, lettuce,strawberries and table grapes the percentage of positive findings for some pesticides increased(e.g. chlorpyriphos, maneb group and chlorothalonil on apples and table grapes, procymidoneon lettuce and chlorpyriphos-methyl on table grapes), others decreased (benomyl group,iprodione and maneb group on lettuce and strawberries, acephate on apples and table grapes,chlorothalonil on lettuce).
For lettuce and strawberries, the iprodione and maneb group findings below or at the MRLhave somewhat improved compared to 1996, although they still remain at a very high level.
For the majority of pesticides, the percentages of MRL exceedings decreased or remained atthe same level in 2001. However, significant increases were seen for some pesticides(acephate on tomatoes and strawberries, methamidophos on apples, tomatoes and strawberriesand chlorpyriphos on lettuce).
36
5.3. Evaluation by commodity
Tables 13 and 14 give an overview of the findings in the different commodities. With regardto all five commodities investigated, about 47 % of the samples contained residues ofpesticides at or below the MRL (national or EC-MRL) and 2.2 % above the MRL (Table 13).Residues at or below the MRL were found most often in table grapes (60 %), followed bystrawberries (51 %), lettuce (49 %), apples (47%) and tomatoes (33 %). MRLs (includingnational or EC-MRLs) were exceeded most often in lettuce (3.9 %), followed by strawberries(3.3 %), table grapes (1.8 %), tomatoes (1,5 %) and apples (1.1 %).
In these results, no differentiation is made with regard to findings of several pesticides in thesame sample, which means that a sample where two different pesticides were found would becounted just as one finding with detectable residues in Table 13.
Supplementary to that the information in Table 13, Table 14 shows the residues found inindividual determinations, which means the findings with regard to every single pesticide. Inthis table, a sample where two different pesticides were found would be counted as twofindings with detectable residues. Here, the order of findings is different from Table 13.Residues of a specific pesticide at or below the MRL (national or EC-MRL) were found mostoften in table grapes (3.7 %), followed by apples (3.1 %), lettuce (2.9 %), strawberries (2.2 %)and tomatoes (1.7 %). Pesticide residues exceeding the MRL were found most often in lettuce(0.15 %), followed by strawberries (0.12 %), table grapes (0.07 %), tomatoes (0.06 %) andapples (0.04 %). This corresponds with the results in Table 13.
It can be concluded that table grapes were the commodity on which residues were most oftenfound at or below the MRL, but that exceedances occurred most often on lettuce.
Table 13: Residues found in the five commodities analysed in the EU co-ordinated monitoringprogramme
Number ofsamplesanalysed
Withoutdetectableresidues
% With residuesbelow or at
MRL (nationalor EC-MRL)
% With residuesabove MRL(national orEC-MRL)
%
Apples 2641 1372 52 1241 47 28 1.1
Tomatoes 2016 1320 65 665 33 31 1.5
Lettuce 1838 866 47 901 49 71 3.9
Strawberries 1652 762 46 836 51 54 3.3
Table grapes 1721 665 39 1025 60 31 1.8
SUM 9868 4985 51 4668 47 215 2.2
37
Table 14: Residues found in individual determinations (ind. det.) in the five commoditiesanalysed in the EU co-ordinated monitoring programme
Total numberof ind. det.
Number ofind. det.withoutresidues
Number of ind.det. with
residues belowor at MRL
(national or EC)
% Number of ind.det. where a
residue exceededthe MRL
(national or EC)
%
Apples 68074 65924 2121 3.1 29 0.04
Tomatoes 55538 54578 927 1.7 33 0.06
Lettuce 49827 48329 1422 2.9 76 0.15
Strawberries 45071 44027 988 2.2 56 0.12
Table grapes 49483 47629 1821 3.7 33 0.07
SUM 267993 260487 7279 2.7 227 0.08
It appears from Table 15 that on all five commodities analysed in 2001, plant protectionproducts have been more frequently applied than on other commodities analysed in previousyears. The commodities in 2001 show, on average, a higher percentage of positive findings ator below the MRL than the commodities analysed in the years 1997 - 2000 (Table 15), whilethe average rate of MRL exceedances is not generally higher.
Comparison with 1996 (same five commodities as in 2001) is impossible, as the data availabledo not allow such comparison.
Table 15: Overall results of the 4 - 5 commodities analysed during 1997 - 2001
Commoditiesanalysed in
year
Number ofsamplesanalysed
Withoutdetectableresidues
% With residuesbelow or at
MRL (nationalor EC-MRL)
% With residuesabove MRL(national orEC-MRL)
%
1996 n/a n/a n/a n/a
1997 6021 3932 65 2023 34 66 1.1
1998 3836 2524 66 1235 32 77 2.0
1999 4707 3227 69 1043 22 411 8.7
2000 3737 2998 80 638 17 101 2.7
2001 9868 4985 51 4668 47 215 2.2
n/a: not available
38
5.4. Evaluation by country
With regard to the 36 pesticides and the five commodities of the co-ordinated programme,residues at or below the MRL (national or EC-MRL) were found in 47 % of the samples. In2.2 % of the samples, these residues exceeded MRLs (national or EC-MRLs). Differencesbetween countries can result e.g. from different sampling approaches (whether surveillancesampling or follow-up enforcement sampling), amounts of samples analysed for pesticidesthat are most likely to be found, and reporting levels (cf. chapter 4.1). Table 16 summarisesthe results sorted by country and Figure 9 illustrates those results.
Table 16: Residues of pesticides in the five commodities as analysed in the EU Member Statesand EEA States
Number ofsamplesanalysed
Withoutdetectableresidues
% With residuesbelow or at
MRL (nationalor EC-MRL)
% With residuesabove MRL
(national or EC-MRL)
%
B 215 126 59 87 40 2 0.9
DK 543 354 65 179 33 10 1.8
D 2354 987 42 1299 55 68 2.9
EL 305 77 25 208 68 20 6.6
E 215 102 47 104 48 9 4.2
F 1161 522 45 587 51 52 4.5
IRL 96 44 46 49 51 3 3.1
I 1371 855 62 501 37 15 1.1
L 87 53 61 30 34 4 4.6
NL 680 183 27 491 72 6 0.9
A 60 27 45 31 52 2 3.3
P 310 185 60 115 37 10 3.2
FIN 490 258 53 230 47 2 0.4
S 555 354 64 198 36 3 0.5
UK 827 524 63 299 36 4 0.5
Norway 507 262 52 242 48 3 0.6
Iceland 52 44 85 7 13 1 1.9
Liech-tenstein
40 28 70 11 28 1 2.5
Total 9868 4985 51 4668 47 215 2.2
39
Evaluation of the results of the 2001 co-ordinated exercise by country:Percentage of samples without detectable residues, with residues at or below MRL (national or EC-MRL) and with residues exceeding the MRL (national or EC-MRL)
Evaluation by country
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
Greece
Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
The Netherlands
Austria
Portugal
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Norway
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Cou
ntry
% samples
% samples without detectable residues% samples with residues at or below the MRL% samples with residues > MRL
Figure 9: Percentage of samples without residues, with residues at or below the MRL and with residuesexceeding the MRL sorted by country
40
5.5. Homogeneity exercise
In 2001, only one country (Luxembourg) provided data for the homogeneity exercise.However, all four composite apple samples analysed for methidathion were below thereporting limit and therefore the single items (units) were not analysed.
5.6. Exposure assessment
5.6.1. Chronic risk
To estimate the chronic risk to the consumer of consuming the commodities investigated inthe EU co-ordinated programme, calculations can be done based on consumption figures fromthe World Health Organisation (Standard European Diet). A realistic exposure assessment forthose pesticides representing a chronic risk should not be carried out with the highest residuesfound, but more correctly with the average residues or, to consider worst case conditions, onthe basis of the 90th percentile26. The 90th percentile of the amount of residues found in themonitoring exercise is the value below which 90% of the values are situated, including thosesamples with no detectable residues (see calculation example in the footnote)27. The riskassessment was carried out for an adult with an average bodyweight of 60 kg. The intake of aspecific pesticide via a specific commodity was calculated and compared with the ADI. Theresults (as a percentage of ADI) are given in Table 17.
26 WHO/FSF/FOS/97.7, p. 1427 Example: the 90th percentile for the content of residues of the maneb group in head cabbage is determined thus: 564
samples were analysed in total in the EU and EEA States, out of which 328 samples contained no detectableresidues. 159 samples showed different residue contents, categorised in 7 categories (cat.1: up to 0.01 mg/kg, cat. 2:0.011-0.020 mg/kg, cat. 3: 0.021-0.050 mg/kg, cat. 4: 0.051-0.1 mg/kg, cat. 5: 0.11-0.2 mg/kg, cat. 6: 0.21-0.5mg/kg). 40 further samples showed contents between 0.51 and 1.0 mg/kg (cat. 7). 90 % of all values wouldcomprise 564*0.9=507.6 samples. Since 328 samples are without residues and 159 samples have residue contentsbetween the reporting limit and 0.5 mg/kg, the 507th /508th sample falls within the 40 samples of category 7 (0.51-1.0 mg/kg). Because of the categorised reporting format the exact 90th percentile value cannot be given, but the 90th
percentile can be given as≤ 1.0 mg/kg as the upper limit of category 7 is 1.0 mg/kg.
41
Table 17: Exposure assessment for chronic risk from the dietary intake of pesticide residues(based on the 90th percentile), calculated for an adult (60 kg bodyweight), in thosecommodities of the co-ordinated programme in which the highest residues of the respectivepesticides were found, and where the 90th percentile was above 0.01 mg/kg
28 WHO/PCS/2000.129 Standard European Diet of the World Health Organization30 Calculated only if the 90th percentile is above the general reporting limit of 0.01 mg/kg of the agreed format31 ADI of carbendazim, as this pesticide has the lowest ADI of the three pesticides (carbenazim, benomyl, thiophanate-
methyl) detected as carbendazim32 Group ADI for maneb, mancozeb, metiram, zineb: 0.03; ADI for propineb: 0.007
As shown by the results in Table 17, the intake of pesticide residues does not exceed the ADIin any case. It is below a percentage of 11 % of the ADI for all pesticides. The exposureranges from 0.046 % of the ADI for chlorpyriphos on table grapes, to 11 % of the ADI for themaneb group on lettuce (calculated with the ADI 0.007 for propineb).
5.6.2. Acute risk
Currently, there is no universally accepted methodology for evaluating risks from acuteexposure. However, as an example, the acute risk can be evaluated by using the UK ConsumerExposure Model, where an exposure assessment is carried out based on the 97.5th percentileof consumption33. That means, in order to include consumers with a high consumption ofspecific commodities, a large portion value is used. The 97.5th percentile is the value belowwhich the consumption of 97.5 % of all consumers is situated. For the 2001 co-ordinatedprogramme, the evaluation of the acute risk was carried out for those pesticides which haveacute toxicity and where acute Reference Doses (acute RfDs) have been set. The highestresidue found in a composite sample was used in this calculation. In order to consider worstcase conditions, a default variability factor of seven34, taking into account unit-to-unitvariability of single units, was used for apples as a medium-sized crop with a unit weight≤ 250 g. For lettuce (unit weight > 250 g) and table grapes, which can show large variations
33 UK 1998, Technical Policy on the Estimation of Acute Dietary Intakes of Pesticide Residues, AAHL/3/1998, 13January 1998, PSD, York
34 2000 Joint FAO/WHO meeting on Pesticide Residues, Geneva 20-29 September 2000, p.15
43
between the different grape bunches, a default variability factor of five has been used. On thebasis of those data, an exposure assessment for an adult of 70.1 kg and a toddler of 14.5 kghave been carried out and the intake of the specific pesticide via a specific commodity wascompared with the acute Reference Dose (acute RfD). The results are shown in Table 18.
Table 18: Exposure assessment for acute risk from the pesticides investigated in the 2001 co-ordinated programme for the products with the highest residues found in a composite samplein the European Union. The calculation was performed with the UK Consumer ExposureModel for an adult (70.1 kg) and a toddler (14.5 kg) and only those pesticides which haveacute toxicity and where an acute Reference Dose has been set.
Compound Fooditem
Maximumresidue
found in acomposite
sample(mg pesticide / kg
commodity
acuteReference
Dose(mg pesticide /kg body weight
97.5th
percentile ofconsumption
(kg commodity /
day)35
Homo-geneityfactor
Intake viaspecific
commodity(mg pesticide /day / kg body
weight)
Intake in% of the
acuteReference
Dose
0.0163(adult)
16 %(adult)
Chlorpyri-phos
Tablegrapes
1.2
EC-MRL:0.50
0.1 0.190 (adult)/0.158(toddler)
5
0.0654(toddler)
65 %(toddler)
0.0054(adult)
11 %(adult)
Deltamethrin Tablegrapes
0.40
EC-MRL:0.10
0.05 0.190(adult)/0.158
(toddler)
5
0.0218(toddler)
44 %(toddler)
0.000984(adult)
3.3(adult)
Diazinon Straw-berries
0.34
EC-MRL:0.5/0.02*
0.03 0.203(adult)/0.111
(toddler)
1
0.00260(toddler)
8.7(toddler)
0.0232(adult)
116 %(adult)
Endosulfan36 Lettuce 3.5
EC-MRL:1.0/0.05*
0.02 0.093(adult)/0.025
(toddler)
5
0.0302(toddler)
151 %(toddler)
* applicable from 1 July 2001
35 Consumer Exposure Model, UK36 No Rapid Alert has been notified by France where this residue has been detected
44
Compound Fooditem
Maximumresidue
found in acomposite
sample(mg pesticide / kg
commodity
acuteReference
Dose(mg pesticide /kg body weight
97.5th
percentile ofconsumption
(kg commodity /
day)37
Homo-geneityfactor
Intake viaspecific
commodity(mg pesticide /day / kg body
weight)
Intake in% of the
acuteReference
Dose
0.00324(adult)
32 %(adult)
Methamido-phos
Straw-berries
1.12
EC-MRL:0.01
0.01 0.203(adult)/0.111
(toddler)
1
0.00857(toddler)
86 %(toddler)
Methidathion Tablegrapes
0.16
EC-MRL:0.50
0.01 0.190 (adult)/0.158
(toddler)
5 0.00217(adult)
22 %(adult)
0.00872(toddler)
87 %(toddler)
Permethrin Lettuce 0.5
EC-MRL:2.0
1.5 0.093(adult)/0.025
(toddler)
5 0.00331(adult)
0.2 %(adult)
0.00431(toddler)
0.3 %(toddler)
Triazophos Apples 0.021
EC-MRL:0.02
0.001 0.308(adult)/0.199
(toddler)
7 0.000294(adult)
29 %(adult)
0.00126(toddler)
126 %(toddler)
As Table 18 shows, the intakes for the highest residues in a composite sample for most of thepesticides analysed are below the acute RfD. However, for endosulfan in lettuce the acute RfDis exceeded for both adults and toddlers. For triazophos in apples the acute RfD is exceeded fortoddlers, but not for adults. These results give some reason for concern as they indicate that ahealth risk cannot be excluded. This concerns mainly toddlers when consuming large amountsof apples or lettuce.
In the case of endosulfan on lettuce, where the MRL was significantly exceeded, no RapidAlert had been notified by the country who has detected the exceedance (France).
37 Consumer Exposure Model, UK
45
6. SAMPLING
Commission Directive 79/700/EEC established sampling methods for the official control ofpesticide residues in and on fruit and vegetables. Member States are required to use thesemethods for their pesticide residue monitoring. Table 19 shows the information given onsampling in the summaries of the national monitoring reports of the Member States and EEAStates. In most cases, sampling followed national plans that were often established taking intoconsideration consumption, production, imported and exported products and risks (e.g. resultsfrom previous years).
Table 20 shows the distribution of domestic/imported samples and the relationship of thenumber of samples taken to the population size. The relationship of domestic and importedsamples should reflect the situation in the respective Member State. In total (EU and EEAStates), about 39 % of the samples were domestic samples, 39 % were imported samples (incl.those from other EU Member States) and 21 % were of unknown origin. This was mainly dueto the fact that Italy did not distinguish imported from domestic. More detailed informationcan be found in the summaries of the national monitoring reports in Annex 1.
Samples were taken at different points, such as wholesalers and retailers, local and centralmarkets, points of entry (for imported products), and processing industries.
Table 19: Summary on sampling by the national authorities (information taken from theone-page summaries)
Country Summary on sampling
B Sampling was carried out mostly according to Commission Directive 79/700/EEC,at auctions, importers, wholesalers, processors and, exceptionally, in retail. Thesampling plan took account of average consumption, production figures, results ofprevious years, analytical and budgetary possibilities and other useful information.
DK The sampling plan took account of dietary consumption, production, import dataand monitoring results from previous years. The samples were taken mainly atwholesalers and importers, domestic samples also at producers and shops,processed food at shops.
D Samples were taken at the level of producers, manufacturers, wholesalers, retailersand restaurants, according to a national sampling protocol published as officiallegal regulations.
EL Samples were randomly taken from points of entry, wholesalers, retailers and farmgates.
E Samples were taken from domestic crops at production and wholesalers level,following Directive 79/700/EEC. Samples were taken proportional to production,taking into account the EU co-ordinated programme and specific actions withregard to certain crops.
46
Country Summary on sampling
F Crops and processed foods are sampled by surveillance inspectors, following thesampling procedure requirements, at growers, wholesalers and retailers. Thegeneral sampling programme is drawn up by the central authority and takesaccount of national and European priorities. This programme takes account of thedietary proportion of plant products, the EU co-ordinated programme, previousresults and targeted inspection on certain fruits and vegetables (peppers andsalads).
IRL Samples are taken in accordance with an annual monitoring programme which isagreed between the Pesticide Control Service and the Food Safety Authority ofIreland. This programme takes account of the consumption patterns of Irish adults,historical results from previous years, the EU co-ordinated monitoring programmeand the extent to which some foods are consumed in a raw unprocessed manner.Samples are taken primarily at wholesale level by officers of the Pesticide ControlService.
I Not provided.
L Samples were taken according to an annual sampling plan. Imported products weresampled at wholesaler distribution points, local products were sampled at retailersat the central market in the City of Luxembourg. Only routine sampling (no follow-up enforcement sampling) was done. As far as practicable, sampling was doneaccording to Directive 79/700/EEC.
NL The samples are taken without prior information about the presence of pesticidesand, therefore, represent the situation on the market for the product at that time.But sampling is directed relatively more to products where previous resultsindicated MRL violations. As required by EU-directive 90/642/EU, a monitoringplan is made. Directive 79/700/EEC (as transposed into national law) wasrespected. The monitoring program is primarily directed to major products in theconsumption pattern, but some capacity is reserved for minor products. In themonitoring program special attention was given to chlormequat on pears, becauseof the high level of exceedances in 1999.
A Sampling was based on a nation-wide sampling plan, taking into account dataconcerning dietary consumption, production and import of fruit and vegetables, theco-ordinated exercise, results of former measurements as well as analytical andbudgetary capacities.
P The national programme for fruits and vegetables was based on the EU co-ordinated programme, complemented selections based on consumption and resultsof previous years. Less important crops were sampled as part of a rollingprogramme. The numbers of samples and pesticides analysed were plannedaccording to the analytical capabilities and available resources in the participatinglaboratories. Samples were taken mostly at wholesale commerce and wholesalers’warehouses. Cereals were often sampled from milling plants and a small fractionof samples were collected at farm gate and at retail level.
47
Country Summary on sampling
FIN The national and EC co-ordinated pesticide residues monitoring was carried outaccording to an annual program. Domestic samples were collected from farms orretail shops. The majority of imported food samples were taken by Customsinspectors, from wholesalers. The sampling procedure of directive 79/700/EECwas followed as far as practicable.
S The target number of samples to be collected of each food is roughly proportionalto the food's consumption rate and takes into account both the amount of domesticproduction and the amount of imports from EU countries and third countries.However, the number is also based on the importance of the foodstuff in the dietsof infants and young children as well as residues found in prior samples.
UK The sampling plan was based on a main commodity rolling programme, takinginto account levels of consumption, information on possible levels of residues andthe need to ensure that a wide range of commodities is included. CodexAlimentarius guidelines were followed where practicable. Data from other sourcesare considered as well in determining the surveillance programme.
Norway Samples were taken mainly from wholesaler’s warehouses but also at retail outletsand farm gates. The number of surveillance samples of each commodity roughlyreflects their share of the market, but more samples were taken of commoditiessuspected to contain residues. For samples exceeding MRLs compliance sampleswere taken as a follow up.
Iceland Samples are taken, according to an official monitoring program, at wholesaler'swarehouses. Sampling is focused on imported products mainly since fruits forcommercial purposes are not grown in Iceland and a great part of vegetables areimported.
Liech-tenstein
The annual sampling plan is based on domestic production and the ESA38 co-ordinated programme. The programme started in the second half of 2001. Samplesof fresh fruits, vegetables and cereals were collected mostly from retailers, but alsofrom farms and food processing plants, mostly in accordance with Directive79/700/EEC.
38 EFTA Surveillance Authority
48
Table 20: Number and origin of the samples taken by country (sum of surveillance andfollow-up enforcement samples, sum of fresh (incl. frozen) fruit, vegetables,cereals andprocessedproducts
Coun-try
Totalnum-ber ofsamp-
lestaken
Number ofinhabitants
percountry39
Samp-les
takenper
100 000inhabi-tants
No. ofdomes-
ticsamp-
lestaken
% fromtotal
samplenum-ber
No. ofimpor-
tedsamplestaken40
%fromtotal
samplenum-ber
No. ofsamples
withunknown
origin
% fromtotal
samplenumber
B 1029 10,263,414 10 313 30 175 17 541 53
DK 3481 5,349,212 65 1175 34 2306 66 0 0
D 6340 82,259,540 8 2822 45 3518 55 0 0
EL 1739 10,542,808 16 1413 81 326 19 0 0
E 3341 40,121,673 8 3341 100 0 0 0 0
F 4369 59,037,225 7 3051 70 1318 30 0 0
IRL 331 3,826,159 9 109 33 222 67 0 0
I 9365 57,844,017 16 0 0 0 0 9365 100
L 171 441,300 39 30 18 141 82 0 0
NL 2896 15,987,075 18 1280 44 1616 56 0 0
A 962 8,121,345 12 350 36 612 64 0 0
P 604 10,262,877 6 445 74 159 26 0 0
FIN 2439 5,181,115 47 496 20 1943 80 0 0
S 2949 8,882,792 33 866 29 2083 71 0 0
UK 3144 59,862,820 5 1400 45 1744 55 0 0
Norway 2618 4,503,436 58 1003 38 1615 62 0 0
Iceland 308 283,361 109 58 19 250 81 0 0
Liech-tenstein
63 32,863 192 36 57 27 43 0 0
Total 46149 382,803,032 12 18188 39 18055 39 9906 21
* No data were provided by Italy
39 Eurostat, New Cronos database, Population figures for 1 January 200140 Including samples from other EU Member States
49
7. QUALITY ASSURANCE
Council Directive 90/642/EEC, as amended by Council Directive 97/41/EC, requires MemberStates to control maximum residue levels according to Council Directives 89/397/EEC and93/99/EEC. This also means that laboratories have to comply with the European Standard EN4500141 and that Member States are requested to assess the laboratories by applying thecriteria as laid down in European Standard EN 45002. Member States shall also applyproficiency testing schemes where appropriate.
Commission Recommendation 2001/42/EC lays down that Member States should provideinformation about the details of accreditation of the monitoring laboratories (incl.accreditation certificates), about the application of the EU Quality Control Procedures andabout their participation in proficiency or ring tests. Workshops on Analytical Quality Control(WAQC) are regularly held in order to review the Quality Control Procedures. Proficiencytests, supported by the European Commission, are regularly organised (the last was carried outin 2002).
The European Commission's Monitoring Regulation No. 645/2000 (cf. chapter 2), in forcesince April 2000, ensures the financial contribution of the European Commission to theorganisation of proficiency tests and Analytical Quality Control workshops. It also confirmsand further specifies the requirements for accreditation of monitoring laboratories and theirparticipation in proficiency tests. This Regulation was fully applicable for 2001.
Table 21 and Figures 10 - 12 give an overview of the situation regarding accreditation ofmonitoring laboratories and participation in proficiency tests. Table 21 is a summary of theinformation provided by all participating countries in their short written summaries (cf. Annex1 for further details) and in Table G of the guidance document SANCO 4811/2001.
The laboratory situation has not further improved compared to 2000 (Figures 10 - 12). Thereare still 4 countries out of 18 (22 %) who have not accredited any of their laboratories and afurther 3 (17 %) have accredited only some of their laboratories. Only 61 % of the countries(11 out of 18) have accredited all their laboratories. When comparing the data with previousyears it has to be considered that the total number of participating countries has risen from 16in 1997 to 17 in 1999 and 18 in 2000 and 2001.
In the EU and EEA States in total 46,149 samples (sum of fresh and processed products) wereanalysed. 33,491 samples (72.6 %) were analysed by laboratories accredited for the mostimportant pesticide-commodity combinations, 1,311 samples (2.8 %) by laboratoriesaccredited for only some pesticide-commodity combinations and 11,347 (24.6 %) bylaboratories which are not accredited. This is illustrated in Figure 11.
In conclusion, around 70 % of the samples were analysed by laboratories which wereaccredited for the most important pesticide-commodity combinations, whereas around 30 %were analysed by laboratories either accredited only for some pesticide-commoditycombinations or not accredited at all.
The breakdown of the samples analysed by accredited/not accredited laboratories by country isshown in Figure 12.
41 Now ISO 17025
50
Status of laboratory accreditation: Percentage of countries with accreditation of all, ofsome or of none of the monitoring laboratories in 2001 compared to previous years:
11 11
3 3
54 4
84
7
45
5
46
02468
101214161820
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Num
ber
ofco
untr
ies
Unknown
None of the laboratories isaccredited
Only some of thelaboratories are accreditedfor the most importantpesticide-commoditycombinationsAll of the laboratories areaccredited for the mostimportant pesticide-commodity combinations
Figure 10: Number of countries with accreditation of all monitoring laboratories, of some monitoringlaboratories and of none of the monitoring laboratories
51
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
Total EU and EEA
Num
ber
ofsa
mpl
esSamples analysed byunaccreditedlaboratories
Samples analysed bylaboratories accreditedfor some pesticide-commodity combinations
Samples analysed bylaboratories accreditedfor the most importantpesticide-commoditycombinations
Figure 11: Numbers of samples analysed by laboratories accredited for the most important pesticide-commoditycombinations, accredited for only some pesticide-commodity combinations or by not accredited laboratories inthe EU and EEA States in the year 2001*.* For Italy, the 2000 data on accreditation was used.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
B DK D EL E FIR
L I L NL A PFIN S UK
NORIC
ELIE
Samples analysed by unaccredited laboratories
Samples analysed by laboratories accredited for some pesticide-commodity combinations
Samples analysed by laboratories accredited for the most important pesticide-commodity combinations
Figure 12: Numbers of samples analysed by laboratories accredited for the most important pesticide-commoditycombinations, accredited for only some pesticide-commodity combinations or by not accredited laboratories bycountry in the year 2001*.* For Italy, the 2000 data on accreditation was used.
52
Apart from the information on accreditation of laboratories, Table 21 also gives an overviewof other laboratory quality issues, such as the implementation of the EU QC procedures andthe participation in proficiency tests. 14 out of 18 countries reported on this issue, while 4countries did not give any specific information. According to this information, 10 out of the14 reporting countries have fully implemented at least 70 % of the EU QC procedures. Theremainder of the QC procedures is partly implemented in most of the countries.
13 out of the 14 reporting countries also took part in proficiency tests in 200142. Since no EUproficiency test was organised in 2001 the most often used proficiency test scheme wasFAPAS43 (11 countries took part in some of the FAPAS rounds in 2001). Some countries alsotook part in other, nationally organised, proficiency tests.
Table 21: Accreditation, participation in proficiency tests and implementation of the EU QualityControl Procedures of the pesticide residue laboratories
* not applicable, because not yet accredited
Coun-try
No. oflabora-tories
Accreditation Accredi-tationcertifi-cates
provided
Participation inproficiency
tests
Implementation ofEU Quality Control
Procedures (QCprocedures)
B 3 Accredited byBELTEST
Yes 2 laboratoriestook part in achlormequatproficiency testand 1 in FAPAS
All three laboratorieshave implemented atleast 70 % of the QCprocedures
In both laboratories atleast 70 % of the QCprocedures areimplemented
D 49 Accredited No No information No information
EL 6 In preparatoryphase
--* No information No information
E 14 3 ENAC accreditedlaboratories (doingapprox. 33 % ofthe analyses).
Yes No information No information
F 6 2 laboratories,which performed
Yes All laboratorieswere involved in
At least 80 % of theQC procedures are
42 No information on proficiency tests is available for Austria43 Food analysis performance assessment scheme, a proficiency testing scheme organised by the UK
53
Coun-try
No. oflabora-tories
Accreditation Accredi-tationcertifi-cates
provided
Participation inproficiency
tests
Implementation ofEU Quality Control
Procedures (QCprocedures)
around 44 % of theanalyses, are fullyaccredited byCOFRAC, onelaboratory,performing approx.30 % of theanaylses is partlyaccredited, theothers are notaccredited
some proficiencytests withBIPEA (4rounds per year).
implemented
IRL 1 Accredited byNAB Ireland
Yes FAPAS forpesticides infruit andvegetables
40 % of the QCprocedures are fullyimplemented, 60 % arepartly implemented
I (datafrom2000report asno newdataprovi-ded)
60 17 laboratories outof 60 areaccredited,performing approx.45 % of theanalyses
No No information No information
L 1 In preparatoryphase foraccreditation
--* FAPAS 10 % of QC proceduresfully implemented, 90partly implemented
NL 1 Accredited by RvA Yes FAPAS Approx. 80 % of QCprocedures fullyimplemented, 20 %partly implemented
A 4 Accredited Yes No info At least 80 % of QCproceduresimplemented
P 3 None of thelaboratoriesaccredited yet
--* Two of the labsparticipated inFAPAS
Different status of theQC procedureimplementation in the4 laboratories, between10 % and 70 % of theQC procedures arefully implemented.
54
Coun-try
No. oflabora-tories
Accreditation Accredi-tationcertifi-cates
provided
Participation inproficiency
tests
Implementation ofEU Quality Control
Procedures (QCprocedures)
FIN 2 Accredited byFINAS
Yes Main laboratorytook part inFAPAS
At least 60 % of theQC proceudres arefully implemented,40 % are partlyimplemented
The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) was established by Council Directive92/59/EEC44on General Product Safety45.
Products entailing a serious and immediate risk to the health and safety of the consumer areclassified as ALERT notifications according to Article 8 of Directive 92/59/EEC. Thenotifying Member State informs the Commission, which then notifies this to the contact
44 Official Journal No. L 228, 11/08/1992 p. 0024 - 003245 This Directive will be repealed by Directive 2001/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3
December 2001 on General Product Safety from 15 January 2004
55
points in all Member States. After receiving an ALERT notification, Member States shouldtake appropriate action.
Notifications which do not fulfil the requirements laid down in Article 8 of Council Directive92/59/EEC on General Product Safety, but which are nevertheless regarded as importantinformation, are forwarded by the Commission to the contact points in the Member States asinformation notifications (NON-ALERTS).
In 200113 ALERTS and61 NON-ALERTS were notified in relation to pesticide residues.Eight of the ALERTS related to products from Member States, 5 related to products fromthird countries (3 of them candidate countries). With regard to the NON-ALERTS, 21 relatedto products from Member States and 40 to products from third countries.
Seven ALERTS and 25 NON-ALERTS related to herbs and spices. The countries of originwere mainly the UK (5 ALERTS and 8 NON-ALERTS), India (9 NON-ALERTS) and Egypt(7 NON-ALERTS).
Five ALERTS and 24 NON-ALERTS related to fresh fruit and vegetables. Grapes fromGreece and Cyprus as well as peppers from Thailand were the commodities/countries mostoften involved.
12 NON-ALERTS related to tea from China.
The pesticides involved in the ALERTS were Ethion in Chilli powder from the UK (3),cypermethrin in chilli powder from the UK (2), parathion-methyl (2), monocrotophos ingrapes from Cyprus (2), penconazole (1), procymidone (1), prochloraz (1), chlormequat inpear juice (baby food) (1).
The number of both ALERTS and NON-ALERTS has increased significantly compared to2000, where seven ALERTS and 27 NON-ALERTS were issued. This does not necessarilymean that the residue situation has worsened, but could be due to an increased awarenesswithin Member States with regard to the use of the Rapid Alert System. This could be a firstresult of the Commission's efforts to harmonise the widely varying notification criteria with aguidance document "Proposal on how to notify pesticide residues in foodstuffs in the RapidAlert System for Foodstuffs" (document SANCO/3346/2001). However, the guidancedocument is still being used on a voluntary basis and is currently not being used by allMember States.
The rapid dissemination of information via the RASFF plays an important role in the MemberStates' planning of monitoring programmes, since it allows the identification at an early stageof specific problems and the adaptation of the sampling programmes accordingly, if necessary.
56
9. SUMMARY
9.1. National Monitoring programmes
All fifteen Member States and the EFTA States, who signed the EEA agreement46 (Norway,Iceland and Liechtenstein), monitored pesticide residues in foodstuffs of plant origin. Overall,some 46,000 samples were analysed for, on average, 145 different pesticides. About 93 % ofthe samples analysed were fresh (incl. frozen) fruit, vegetables and cereals, about 7 % wereprocessed products.
In 37 % of the fruit, vegetable and cereal samples and processed products, residues ofpesticides at or below the MRL (national or EC-MRL) were detected. In 3.6 % of all samples,residues above the MRL (national or EC-MRL) were found. 60 % of the samples contained nopesticide residues47. When only fresh products are considered the percentage of MRLexceedances increases to 3.9 % instead of 3.6 % and the percentage of samples withoutresidues is 59 %.
There is no clear overall trend in the occurrence of residues in the last 6 years. The percentageof samples with no detectable residues has slightly decreased compared to previous years,whereas the percentage of samples with residues at or below MRL has increased compared tothe years 1999 and 2000, bringing the levels back to that found during 1996 - 1998. Thepercentage of exceedances has decreased compared with data of the last two years, but ishigher than that found during 1996 - 1998.
In 2001, the percentage of samples containing multiple residues has significantly increasedcompared to the 4 previous years. Only the 1996 data showed higher levels, but the 1996 datashould be treated with caution, since only 11 countries delivered data48.
In 2001, only the total number of samples with multiple residues can be considered andcompared to previous years, but not the distribution in the different categories (samples with2, 3, 4, etc. residues), since data from one country, which analysed a significant amount ofsamples, were incomplete.
It is important to note that, when comparing the results of the years 1996 to 2001 somecaution is necessary. It has to be taken into account that the data have not been collected underexactly the same conditions. Differences existed in a number of factors, e.g. in the number ofparticipating countries, which rose from 16 to 18, in the design and priorities set for thenational programmes (the sampling may have been more or less targeted towards specificproblems), in the total number of samples taken, in the legislation (more harmonised EU-MRLs have been set over the years, national MRLs may have changed), as well as in theenhanced analytical possibilities of the laboratories.
The most frequently found pesticides have been reported separately for fruit and vegetablesand for cereals in 2001. Like in previous years, mainly fungicides were found on fruit and
46 Agreement on the European Economic Area47 This paragraph relates to the total of samples analysed, including processed products48 In 1997 and 1998 fifteen countries out of sixteen delivered data for this overview, in 1999 sixteen countries out of
seventeen and in 2000 and 2001 all eighteen countries delivered data.
57
vegetables whereas, on cereals, the pesticides found were mainly insecticides. The 10 mostfrequently found pesticides found in 2001 were almost identical with those found in 2000 andthe majority corresponded also to those found during 1996 - 1999. However, as explained inthe 2000 report this was mainly a result of a changed reporting procedure in 2000, where forthe first time the relative frequency of pesticides' occurrence was reported instead of thefrequency of absolute numbers of findings. This leads to a tendency for prevalence of residuesdetected by single residue methods (i.e. chlormequat, inorganic bromide).
9.2. EU co-ordinated monitoring programme
In a special co-ordinated programme, about 9,800 samples of five commodities (apples,tomatoes, lettuce, strawberries, and table grapes) were analysed for 36 different pesticides.Compared to previous years, the programme has been substantially extended, especially by thenumber of different pesticides sought, but also by the number of commodities included.Although the total number of samples required in the co-ordinated programme in the EU isconstant (496 samples49 every year), in 2001 about twice the number of samples of previousyears were analysed. The five commodities were the same as in 1996 and the nine pesticidesanalysed in 1996 were included in the 36 analysed during 2001.
It appears from the results that the commodities analysed in 2001 were all commodities onwhich plant protection products are frequently applied, which is in line with the findings ofthe year 1996 on the same commodities. In 47 % of the samples, residues of one of the 3550
pesticides were found below or at the MRL (national or EC-MRL) and in 2.2 % of thesamples MRLs (national or EC-MRLs) were exceeded. Only 51 % of the samples containedno detectable residues.
In this co-ordinated programme, residues of one of the 35 pesticides at or below the MRLwere found most often in table grapes (60 %), followed by strawberries (51 %), lettuce(49 %), apples (47 %) and tomatoes (33 %). Residues exceeding the MRL were found mostoften in lettuce (3.9 %), followed by strawberries (3.3 %), table grapes (1.8 %), tomatoes(1.5 %) and apples (1.1 %).
Of the 35 pesticides under the co-ordinated programme, residues of the maneb group werefound most often (16 %), followed by iprodione (10.5 %), procymidone (10.4 %), benomylgroup (8.7 %), captan/folpet (sum) (8.5 %), chlorpyriphos (5.3 %), endosulfan (4.2 %),vinclozolin (3.4 %) and thiabendazole (3.0 %)51. The remainder of the pesticides were foundin percentages below 3 %.
Residues of the maneb group exceeded MRLs most often (0.61 %), followed by the benomylgroup (0.44 %), endosulfan (0.32 %), dicofol and methamidophos (0.28 % each).
The highest residues found in a composite sample in this co-ordinated programme were31 mg/kg maneb group, 29.9 mg/kg captan/folpet (sum), 14.8 mg/kg chlorothalonil, 13 mg/kgdichlofluanid, 14.8 mg/kg vinclozolin and 10.8 mg/kg procymidone. These extremely highvalues were all found on lettuce.
49 including EU Member States and Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein50 36 pesticides were analysed, but for the comparison with the MRL captan and folpet were combined since the MRL
relates to the sum of captan and folpet.51 Percentages in this paragraph include sum of samples with residues at or below the MRL and exceeding the MRL
58
The most important pesticide-commodity combinations where detectable residues have beenfound at or below the MRL and above the MRL were maneb group/lettuce, maneb group/tablegrapes, iprodione/lettuce and benomyl group/strawberries. With regard to MRL exceedances,the most important pesticide-commodity combinations were maneb group/lettuce andbenomyl group/strawberries.
In comparison with the 1996 data, the results for the nine pesticides analysed in both yearsshow no clear overall trend. There is a tendency towards higher percentages of findingsat/below the MRL in 2001 compared to 1996; at the same time there is a lower rate ofexceeding MRLs in 2001. However, the latter also depends on the actual level of the MRLs,which may have changed between 1996 and 2001.
Chronic exposure assessments demonstrate that ADI52 values were not exceeded for thesepesticide/commodity combinations. However, for the assessment of acute risk, the data showthat the ARfD53 was exceeded for endosulfan/lettuce (adults and toddlers) and fortriazophos/apples (toddlers). This means that there is some reason for concern as a health riskcannot be excluded. In particular, this concerns toddlers who eat large amounts of thesecommodities.
9.3. Quality assurance and sampling
Samples for the national and the EU co-ordinated programmes were taken at different pointssuch as retailers, wholesalers, markets, points of entry and processing industries. Nationalsampling plans exist in most countries, taking into consideration e.g. consumption data,production figures, imported/domestic shares and risks (e.g. results from previous years).
Accreditation of laboratories has not improved compared to 2000. Accreditation has beencompleted in only 11 out of 18 countries (about 60 %). In the remaining 7 countries (40 %),accreditation was either achieved only for a part of the laboratories or for none of them.
With regard to the monitoring samples (national and EU programmes) taken in the EU andEEA States, about 70 % were analysed by laboratories which were accredited for the mostimportant pesticide-commodity combinations, whereas about 30 % were analysed bylaboratories which were either accredited for only some pesticide-commodity combinations ornot accredited at all. However, the majority of the participating countries reported that at least70 % of the EU QC procedures had been fully implemented, the remaining 30 % had beenpartly implemented in most of the countries.
13 countries reported that they took part in proficiency tests in 2001. No information isavailable for the remaining 5 countries. Since in 2001 no EU proficiency test was organised,most countries took part in schemes such as FAPAS54 or in nationally organised proficiencytests.
52 Acceptable Daily Intake53 Acute Reference Dose54 Food analysis performance assessment scheme, a proficiency testing scheme organised by the UK
EUROPEAN COMMISSIONHEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERALDirectorate F - Food and Veterinary OfficeUnit 4 - Food of plant origin, plant health; processing and distributionIn cooperation with JRC IRMM, Food & Feed Unit and DG SANCO E1
Annex to SANCO/20/03 final
ANNEX
to
Monitoring of Pesticide Residues
in Products of Plant Origin
in the European Union, Norway, Iceland andLiechtenstein
2001 Report
March 2003
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. NATIONAL AUTHORITIES AND CONTACT POINTS FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUEMONITORING ........................................................................................................... 3
2. COUNTRY COMMENTS.......................................................................................... 7
Spain:Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca yAlimentaciónDirección General de AgriculturaSubdirección General de Medios deProducciónAgricolasAvda. Ciudad de Barcelona, 118-12028007 Madrid
Mr. A. Yague Tel.: +34 91 3478273/75Fax: +34 91 3478316e-mail:[email protected]
4
France:
Laboratoire Interregional de la Repressiondes Fraudes de Paris-Massy25 Avenue de la RepubliqueF-91744 Massy Cedex
and:DGCCRF-bureau C2 télédoc 05159, boulevard Vincent Auriol75703 Paris Cedex 13
Pesticide Residue Monitoring in Fruit, Vegetables and Cereals in Belgium - 2001
SummaryThis report shows the results of pesticide residue monitoring on fresh and frozen fruits andvegetables, cereals, and processed foods on the Belgian market in 2001. These are domestic as wellas imported foods. Foodstuffs of animal origin are not included in this report.
The samples were taken by trained officials from the Food Inspection Service from the Ministry ofSocial Affairs, Public Health and the Environment (955 samples), or from the Service for PlantQuality and Plant Protection from the Ministry of Middle Class and Agriculture (74 samples). Bothservices are now part of the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, under theresponsability of the Minister of Health. Sampling was done mostly according to directive79/700/EEC, at auctions, importers, wholesalers, processors and exceptionally in retail.
In selecting the commodities, the methods of analysis and the number of samples, several factorswere taken into account : the average consumption, the Belgian production, the rate of exceedancesand findings of previous years, the analytical and budgetary possibilities and all other usefulinformation. For less important commodities, a rolling programme is preferred. The differentgroups of fruits and vegetables were included as much as possible. The co-ordinated programme ofthe European Commission was of course included in the national programme. In total 11 differentsorts of fruit, 16 different sorts of vegetables (not including the different fresh herbs), potatoes,wheat, and processed foodstuffs (babyfood, concentrated tomato products, cereal products andpotato products) were analysed. It needs to be stressed that the programme is meant to enforce thelegislation and does not provide for a total random analysis, as more samples are taken of fooditems expected to contain pesticides or to exceed MRLs. For example, pears were still followedclosely, due to chlormequat problems in the past. Similarly, lettuce continues to be surveilledclosely, although less than in the past as the situation has improved, probably due to preharvestmonitoring, which is not included in this report.
A GC-multiresidue method was performed on most samples, except for almonds (in which onlybromide ion was sought), potatoes and potato products (in which only chlorpropham was sought),and for those samples for which only chlormequat was sought (concentrated tomato products andbabyfood with fruit). In cereal products, only chlormequat and mepiquat were sought. Chlormequatwas also sought in apples, pears and carrots. Chlorpropham was also sought in babyfood withvegetables. Dithiocarbamates analysis was carried out on apples, peaches, nectarines, table grapes,strawberries, tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplant, cucumber, broccoli, head cabbage, lamb’s lettuce,lettuce, fresh herbs, spinach, peas, beans, celery and leek. It should be mentioned that it can not beexcluded that ‘dithiocarbamates’ found in head cabbage or broccoli up to a certain level can resultfrom natural levels of sulphur containing compounds, but this possibility has been taken intoaccount when setting the MRL, so that exceedances of this MRL cannot be explained by thepresence of natural compounds. Propamocarb analysis was performed on lettuce, lamb’s lettuce,fresh herbs, celery and babyfood with vegetables. GC-analysis after extraction for the more polarpesticide residues such as methamidophos, was carried out on the foodstuffs for the EU coordinatedprogramme (apples, strawberries, lettuce, tables grapes, and tomatoes) as well as on peaches andnectarines, sweet peppers, eggplant, and babyfood with vegetables. Benzimidazoles (carbendazimand thiabendazole) were sought in the foodstuffs of the EU coordinated programme and also ingrapefruit, pears, bananas, avocados, mangos, broccoli, head cabbage, celery, and babyfood with
8
vegetables. Imazalil (typically used postharvest to prevent rotting of fruit) was analysed for ingrapefruit, apples, table grapes, strawberries, bananas, avocados, mangos and also in tomatoes andlettuce because of the coordinated EU programme. Bromide ion was sought in commodities that arefrequently grown in greenhouses (radish, tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplant, cucumber, lettuce,lamb’s lettuce, and celery) and in dry products which could have been desinfected withmethylbromide (almonds, wheat) and babyfood with vegetables. A separate analysis for pyrethroidswas carried out on some of the samples of apples, strawberries and lettuce. N-methylcarbamateswere looked for in lettuce, leek, and fresh herbs. Ethephon analysis was carried out on apples andprochloraz analysis on avocados and mangos.
Samples were refrigerated and analysed within 2-10 days. Three officially recognized laboratorieswere involved. The two major officially recognized laboratories involved in the monitoringprogramme were accredited for the most important analytical methods and commodities, andaccreditation was gradually extended. The certificates of accreditation of the « WetenschappelijkInstituut Volksgezondheid-Louis Pasteur (Afdeling Voedingswaren)» and the « Fytolab » can befound on the website of the accreditation body BELTEST (http://beltest.fgov.be/). Both laboratorieshad participated in the European Commission’s Proficiency Tests and in the Workshops on Co-ordinated Analytical Quality Control. The laboratories to a large extent take into account annex II ofCommission Recommendation 1999/333/EC. The Dr. L. Willems-Institute is only accredited forchlormequat and has, as to be expected, not taken part in an EU proficiency test.
Out of a list of 150 different pesticide residues sought in fruit and vegetables, a total of 43 werefound at least once during this random monitoring programme. This means that, compared toprevious years, again more pesticide residues were sought but again less were found. For fruits andvegetables, the ten most frequently found pesticide residues, in decreasing order of frequency(found/sought) are: chlormequat, propamocarb, bromide ion, imazalil, prochloraz, chlorpropham,dithiocarbamates, iprodione, thiabendazole carbendazim. Most of these are found by single residuemethods, which are only executed when the presence of residues is expected. When counted onabsolute number of findings, the ten most frequently found pesticide residues, in decreasing order ofnumber of findings, are: chlormequat, iprodione, dithiocarbamates, bromide ion, tolylfluanid,imazalil, propamocarb, thiabendazole, carbendazim, tolclofosmethyl.In cereals, out of 11 pesticide residues sought, the following pesticide residues were found at leastonce : bromide ion, dichlorvos, malathion and pirimiphos-methyl.In processed products, only chlormequat and chlorpropham were detected.
A total of 1029 samples were analysed : 352 fresh fruit, 502 fresh or frozen vegetable, 38 potato, 35raw cereal and 102 processed food samples were counted. Fruit and vegetables were fresh exceptfor peas for which frozen products were sampled and for broccoli and beans for which fresh andfrozen samples were included.
In 54% of the samples of fruit and vegetables, no residues were found, similar to the result ofprevious years. No residues were found in 40% of the fruit samples, 64% of the vegetable samples,37% of the potato samples, 14% of the cereal samples and 91% of the samples of processed food.All these samples were from conventional produce (not organic), except some of the samples ofbabyfood. No samples with pesticides were found for avocado, radish, spinach, several fresh herbs,cereal products and babyfood. Pesticides were found most often in grapefruit (96%), lettuce grownin greenhouses (89%), bananas (86%), lamb’s lettuce (73%), and pears (72%). It should be notedthat these grapefruits and bananas are analysed including the peel, and that removing the peel canremove most of the pesticide residues. A maximum of 6 different pesticide residues could be foundin one sample (lettuce).
Significantly less exceedances of MRLs (MRL= maximum residue level) were counted than inprevious years. No exceedances at all were found for babyfood, cereals and cereal products,
9
potatoes and potato products, grapefruit, almond, apple, tablegrapes, strawberries, avocado, banana,radish, tomato, egg plant, cucumber, broccoli, spinach, peas, beans, leek.In 38 samples or 3.7% of the total number of samples, the MRL was exceeded : in 4.2% of the fruitsamples, 4.4% of the vegetable samples, and in one sample of processed food. Note thatexceedances were counted in this reportnot taking into account the uncertainty on the analyticalresult. More exceedances related to EC MRLs than to national MRLs, reflecting the progress inharmonisation compared to previous years. A lot of exceedances are related to MRLs at the limit ofdetermination. Relatively high percentages (>10%) of exceedances were found for peach, mango,lamb’s lettuce, fresh herbs as a group and celery. Two exceedances related to the EU coordinatedprogramme (both samples were lettuce). A remarkable decrease in exceedances compared to theyear 2000 was noted for concentrated tomato products, apples, table grapes, cucumbers, headcabbage, spinach, peas and babyfood. The situation for carrots, lamb’s lettuce, lettuce grown ingreenhouses, and celery was also better in 2001 than in 2000. On the other hand, for pears, moreexceedances were found in 2001 compared to 2000, which can be related to the lowering of themaximum residue level for chlormequat on 1 July 2001.For a good understanding, it is important to know that exceedances are only exceptionally apossible health threat. MRLs are based on good agricultural practices and checked to be sure thatthe acceptable daily intake or acute reference dose are not exceeded. A big survey in the past hasdemonstrated that acceptable daily intakes or not exceeded in practice, as chronic exposure is to belooked at. On the other hand, one exceedance found this year for chlormequat in pears could haveresulted in an exceedance of the acute reference dose in toddlers if eaten fresh in a large quantity onone day and without pealing. A similar conclusion can be raised for one exceedance formethamidophos in peaches using the temporary acute reference dose. Although no final conclusionon the acute reference dose of omethoate is reached, the current knowledge in 2002 indicates thatthe one exceedance found for omethoate in lettuce might also have resulted in a possible health risk,for all age groups.
No methidathion was found in apples, so that we could not participate in this special excercice forhomogeneity factors of recommendation 2001/42/EC.
The results are presented in Tables A to G, in the format recommended by the Commission. Thefollowing tables of the format are not included in this report, as they remained empty : table A1-PartII, table D3 and D4, table F. Table A1 gives data on the number and origin of samples, and resultsrelated to the MRL. For the results of this year 2001, unfortunately some information on country oforigin was lost from the database. Table A2 is a list of pesticides which were included in analyticalmethods used during this monitoring programme. It gives the number of samples in which thepesticide is sought, the number of findings and the reporting level. Not only the pesticidesmentioned in EC-directives are included, but all pesticides. The reporting level is the limit ofdetermination of the laboratory, even in those cases where this limit is lower than the legallyrequired limit of determination. This results for some samples in the reporting of levels which arelegally absent. This is a change of the way of reporting compared to previous years and is due to anagreement on the EU level. When laboratories had a higher limit of determination than that in thelegislation, this higher level is the reporting level. For instance the reporting levels are higher fordithiocarbamates, iprodione, and imazalil. Table B gives the detailed results of the co-ordinatedprogramme. Table C contains the detailed results of the national programme, including the co-ordinated programme. Only pesticides which were found at least once, are listed, although muchmore were sought. In tables C, fruits and vegetables are listed according to their listing in annex I ofdirective 90/642/EEC, starting with citrus fruits. Please note that the exceedances counted in TableB and C are mathematical exceedances, not taking into account the uncertainty of the analyticalresult. Table D1 gives a list of exceedances of EC harmonised MRLs, which were higher than 1.5 xMRL. Similarly, table D2 lists exceedances of national MRLs. Table E gives information onmultiple residues in single samples. Table G comments on laboratories.Please note that processed products are not included in tables D and A2, in accordance with the EUguidelines. You can find the details on those products at the end of tables C.
Background of MRL legislation
Pesticide residue levels in foodstuffs cannot be higher than the analytical limit of determinationunless another maximum residue level (MRL) is fixed after an evaluation of the safety andnecessity of the use.Pesticides or plant protection products are applied in order to protect plants against diseases such asthose caused by fungi (fungicides are used then), against attacks by insects (protection withinsecticides), etc. Also growth regulators are covered by the same legislation on plant protectionproducts. Plant protection products are not only used before harvest, but in some cases also postharvest to prevent rotting (e.g. citrus fruit), to prevent sprouting of potatoes, or to protect againstinsects (e.g. raw cereals).MRLs are set as low as possible, in accordance with the good agricultural practice (not higher thannecessary for plant protection), but never higher than what is safe (an authorisation for use will notbe given if the proposed MRL is evaluated as unsafe). As a consequence, most exceedances ofMRLs do not result in a safety problem.Not all MRLs higher than the limit of determination should be interpreted as an authorisation foruse in Belgium, as MRLs might also be based on authorised uses in other European countries orthird countries : MRLs are harmonised to ensure free trade after a safety evaluation. Theharmonisation process is still ongoing, explaining differences in legislation in different countries.On the other hand, an MRL at the limit of determination can be linked to an authorised use whichdoes not normally result in residues on the food after harvest.
11
DENMARK
Pesticide Residue Monitoring of Fruits, Vegetables and Cereals in Denmark – 2001
IntroductionThis report to the Commission of the European Communities includes national and co-ordinatedmonitoring results from the Danish pesticide monitoring programme 2001 of fruit, vegetables andcereals (including samples of processed food and infant food).Results from the monitoring of samples of animal origin are reported elsewhere.
SummaryA total of 3481 samples were analysed at two laboratories, both accredited to pesticide analysis.The number of samples has increased considerable compared to 2000 where the pesticidemonitoring system had a reduced capacity due to restructuring of the laboratory organisation.Danish grown as well as commodities grown in other EU member states and in third countries wereincluded in the monitoring.Pesticide residues were found in 68% of the fruit samples, 21% of the vegetable samples and in 9%of the cereal samples. Residues exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRLs) were found in 4%of the conventionally grown samples.The toxicological evaluation concluded that in general the detected residues did not constitute ahealth hazard to the consumer although for a few samples residues were toxicologicallyproblematic.
OrganisationThe Danish pesticide monitoring system is organised by the Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition,the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration under the Ministry of Food, Agriculture andFisheries with participation of regional food control authorities and the Food Control Laboratory inCopenhagen.
SamplingThe Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition designed the sampling plans. They were based on thedietary consumption pattern, production and import data, and monitoring results from previousyears.Samples where taken by authorised personnel from the 11 Danish Regional Veterinary and FoodControl Authorities mainly at wholesalers and importers. 11% of the Danish grown samples weretaken at primary producers and 4% at shops. Samples of processed food (including infant food)were taken at shops.44% of the samples were fresh or frozen fruit, 43% were fresh or frozen vegetables, 6% werecereals and 7% were processed products. 34% were of domestic origin, 41% were grown in otherEU member states and 25% from third countries. Sampling included 4% commercially frozenproduce and 5% organically grown samples.Analysis and quality assuranceThe analytical methods are developed and validated by the Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition.The laboratory at the Regional Food Control Authority in Copenhagen performed the majority ofthe analyses. The Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition performed confirmational analysis forresidues exceeding 75% of the MRL. Both laboratories are accredited for pesticide analysis incompliance with EN45001 by the Danish body of accreditation, DANAK (certificate numbers 315and 350). Thelaboratories participate in the relevant FAPAS performance verification scheme."Guidelines concerning Quality Control Procedures for Pesticide Residue Analysis" has beenapplied for all methods. Mass selective confirmation was performed for part of the GCmultimethods and for the LC/MS methods for cereals.
12
The fruit and vegetables were analysed for 130 pesticides using a GC multi method based onextraction with acetone/cyclohexane/ethyl acetate, a HPLC method for fungicides (benomyl-group,thiabendazole, biphenyl and orto-phenylphenol) and a spectrophotometric method for the sum ofdithiocarbamates (maneb-group). The cereals were analysed for 80 pesticides using a GC multimethod and two LC-MS/MS methods (glyphosate, chlormequat and mepiquat).In 2001, no authorisation for the use of disulfotone, oxydemeton-methyl, phorate and thiometonexisted in Denmark. Oxydemeton-methyl, phorate and thiometon were included in the monitoringprogramme.In the analytical methods 1-2 spiked samples were included in each analytical batch. The GC multimethods included spiked samples containing 8-50 pesticides at 2 concentration levels alternatingbetween all pesticides. Bracketed calibration was performed with matrix-matched standards or puresolvent standards. The reporting levels entered in Table A are the lowest calibration levels (LCL)achieved in at least 90% of the analytical series. Results below the general LCL have only beenreported, if they exceeded the LCL of that specific analytical series. Samples with pesticide residuesexceeding the MRL were confirmed by analyses at the Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition exceptfindings of dithiocarbamates. Due to the methodology applied it is not possible to distinguishbetween dithiocarbamates included in the MRL definition and other dithiocarbamates for which noMRL has been fixed. Thus it is not possible to report confirmed exceedances for the maneb-group.
ResultsPesticide residues were found in 68% of the fruit samples, 21% of the vegetable samples and in 9%of the cereal samples (excluding organically grown samples and findings of glyphosate,chlormequat and mepiquat).Fiftyone samples of cereal samples were analysed for glyphosate, chlormequat and mepiquat.Residues were found in 51% of the 41 conventional grown samples.Samples of organically grown fruit, vegetables and cereals were analysed (148 samples of fruit andvegetables, 41 samples of cereals). Pesticide residues found are shown below.
Residues found in samples declared as organically grownCommodity Residue found Country of origin
Apple Diphenylamin 0.05 mg/kg ItalyCarrot Hexachlorobenzene
Residues exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRLs) were found in 118 samples correspondingto 4% of the conventionally grown samples.More that one pesticide was found in 22% of the conventionally grown samples.Substances have been reported according to their residue definition. Due to the methodologyapplied results for the maneb-group may include dithiocarbamates not included in the MRL-definition.
13
ND70%
> MRL1%
? MRL29%
ND21%
> MRL8%
? MRL71%
ND31%
> MRL8%
? MRL61%
Danish grownGrown in other
EU member statesGrown in countries
outside the EU
For processed foods MRLs were calculated using estimated factors for concentration or dilutionduring processing.Some of the MRLs changed during 2001. Tables B, C and D do not reflect this fact as only oneMRL are shown in the tables. The table below lists the combinations of commodity and pesticidewhere more than one MRL were used when evaluating detected residues. Detected residues were inevery case compared to the MRL that were in use at the time of sampling.
ND93% > MRL
1%
? MRL6%
ND65%
> MRL3%
? MRL32%
ND70%
> MRL3%
? MRL27%
Danish grownGrown in other
EU membe r statesGrown in countries
outside the EU
Figure 1: Residues in conventionally grown fruits (Danish Pesticide Monitoringprogramme 2001). ND: Not detected
Figure 2: Residues in conventionally grown vegetables (Danish Pesticide Monitoringprogramme 2001). ND: Not detected
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Commodity/pesticide combinations where more than one MRL were used whenevaluating detected residues in samples from 2001
Commodity Pesticide MRL (old) 1)
(mg/kg)MRL (new) 1)
(mg/kg)Banana Thiabendazole 3 E 5 E
Cherry Diazinon 0.02 N 1 E
Cucumber Carbendazim 0.5 E 1 E
Cucumber Metalaxyl W 0.5 E
Grape Diazinon 0.5 N 0.02 E
Grapefruit Dicofol 0.02 E 2 E
Kiwi Quinalphos W 0.05 E
Lemon Dicofol 0.02 E 2 E
Lemon Quinalphos W 0.05 E
Lettuce Metalaxyl W 1 E
Mandarin, clementine Dicofol 0.02 E 2 E
Mandarin, clementine Thiabendazole 6 E 5 E
Melon Endosulfan 0.05 N 0.3 E
Melon Pyrazophos 0.2 N 0.05 E
Orange Dicofol 0.02 E 2 E
Orange Endosulfan 0.05 N 0.5 E
Orange Thiabendazole 6 E 5 E
Pear Chlormequat 0.05 N 0.5 E
Pear Endosulfan 0.05 N 0.3 E
Pepper,sweet Pirimiphos-methyl W 1 E
Raspberry Metalaxyl W 0.05 E
Strawberry Benomyl-group W 0,1 E
Tomato Endosulfan 0.05 N 0.5 E
1) E: EU-MRL; N: National MRL; W: No MRL
Toxicological evaluationA toxicological evaluation was performed for samples with residues exceeding the MRL, multipleresidues and residues where no MRL was set. The evaluation concluded that in general the detectedresidues did not constitute a health hazard to the consumer. However, findings of chlorinatedpesticides such as hexachlorbenzene and dieldrin are undesirable, due to accumulation in theorganism. One sample of carrot with 0.11 mg dieldrin/kg wasestimated to constitute a toxicologicalproblem if consumed by small children. One sample of orange with multiple residues (chlorpyrifos,dicofol, fenitrothion, fenthion, imazalil, methidathion) and one sample of fresh ginger (HCH,lindane) could constitute toxicological problems. Twelve samples had residues that might exceedthe Acute Reference Dose. ARfD (dimethoate and omethoate in lettuce (0.68, resp. 0.09 mg/kg), ingrape (0.04, resp. 0.03 mg/kg) and in kaki/sharon (0.08, resp. 0.07 mg/kg); omethoat in kaki/sharon(0.04 mg/kg); methidathion in orange (0.21 mg/kg), in lemon (four samples) (0.33 – 0.62 mg/kg)and in kumquat (0.50 mg/kg); profenphos in grape (0.25 mg/kg); fenthion in clementine (0.40mg/kg). The residues were judged to be toxicologically acceptable.
Regulatory actionsFor reporting purpose the analytical result is compared directly with the MRL. The analyticaluncertainty is taken into consideration before regulatory actions are taken.The following up of violations lies with the Regional Veterinary and Food Control Authorities.Most frequently the action for confirmed exceedances was to order the companies to update theirown-check procedures in combination with warnings.
15
Annexes:Table A 1 - Part I: Table A 1 - Part I: Summary of numbers of samples, sample origins
and results (surveillance sampling)
Table A 1 - PartII:
Table A 1 - Part I: Summary of numbers of samples, sample originsand results (follow-up enforcement sampling)
Table A 2 - Part I: Summary table of pesticides sought and found (surveillancesampling)
Table A 2 - PartII:
Summary table of pesticides sought and found (follow-upenforcement sampling)
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) tothe European Commission
Table C: Notifications of the results of Check Sampling and Monitoring ofthe National Programme to the European Commission
Table D1: Details of Residues Exceeding EC-MRLs (surveillance sampling)
Table D2: Details of Residues Exceeding non-harmonised MRLs, includingnational MRLs in Open positions) (surveillance sampling)
Table E: Details of Samples with Multiple Residues (>=2) in Single Samples
Table G: Laboratories
Not included
(no data):
Table D3, D4, F
16
GERMANY
Summary of the Results from the Federal Republic of Germany
The report contains the results of the tests carried out in fresh and frozen fruit, vegetables andcereals during the 2001 survey period. It includes all of the data transmitted by 45 accreditedlaboratories of the official food control laboratories of the 16 Laender to the ‘Federal Institute forHealth Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, BgVV’.
In Germany there is a difference between Monitoring Programme and official food control. Parts ofthe data generated in both programmes correspond with the provisions of Directives 86/362/EEC ,90/642/EEC and the Commission Recommendation of 22 December 2000 (2001/42/EC)concerning a coordinated Community monitoring programme. Therefore, the report includes therespective data from both programmes:
- Monitoring programme 1414 samples- official food control 4926 samples.
Samples were taken on the level of producers, manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers, andrestaurants according to a national sampling protocol published as official legal regulations. Theactive ingredients tested for were ingredients which had already been included in the Annexes toDirectives 86/362/EEC or 90/642/EEC.
In the course of the 2001 survey period, a total of 6340 samples were tested for pesticide residuesin the Federal Republic of Germany. In 3442 (54.3 %) samples residues of pesticides were notdetected and in 2675 (42.2 %) samples, residues of pesticides were determineted in compliancewith official, national and EU MRLs. Only 223 (3.5 %) samples contained residues of pesticidesexceeding MRLs.
Table 1 shows the number of samples divided into domestic production and imports and takes intoaccount the three Directives. The overview given in this table indicates that residues of importedsamples exceeded MRLs more frequently than those of domestic foods. The reason could surely beseen in the fact that parts of the imported foods originated from countries with other climaticconditions which require an increased use of pesticides.
Table 1 Overview of the results of the tests performed on domestic and foreign produce.
Domestic samples Import samples
Food item totalamount
withoutresidue
s
residuesup toMRL
residuesaboveMRL
totalamoun
t
withoutresidues
residuesup toMRL
residuesaboveMRL
Cereals 282 195 83 4 16 6 10 0
Fruit/vegetable
2540 1667 796 77 3502 1574 1786 142
Total 2822 1862 879 81 3518 1580 1796 142
The food samples were analysed for a total of 95 different pesticides from which 60 were detectedat least in one sample. Residues of 44 individual pesticides exceeded MRLs.
17
GREECE
SUMMARY OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE MONITORING RESULTS OF HELLAS FOR
THE YEAR 2001
A total number of 1739 samples were examined by 6 laboratories, including 1369
samples of fresh and frozen fruit and vegetables, 5 samples of cereals and 365
samples of processed products.
� fresh and frozen fruit and vegetables
1043 were domestic samples (76.2% of the total number of samples), while 326
samples (23.8%) were imported ones:
• 926 samples (67.6%) contained not detectable residues of the pesticides sought.
• 394 samples (28.8%) contained detectable residues at or below the MRL.
• In 49 samples (3.6%) residues of one or more pesticides at concentrations
exceeding the EU or national MRLs were detected (46 exceeded the EU and 3 the
national MRL).
From the above 1369 samples analysed, 305 samples were also examined for the
pesticides specified in the 2001/42/EC Commission Recommendation. No authorised
uses of disulfutone, oxydemethon methyl, phorate and thiomethon in strawberries
and grapes exist in Hellas. There is also no authorised use of phorate in lettuce, or
phorate and disulfutone in apples.
� Cereals
5 samples of rice were analysed, all of them without detectable residues of the
pesticides sought.
� processed products
365 samples of virgin olive oil – all samples were domestic ones- were analysed:
• 110 samples (30.1%) contained not detectable residues of the pesticides sought.
• 249 samples (68.2%) contained detectable residues at or below the MRL.
• In 6 samples (1.6%) residues of one or more pesticides at concentrations exceeding
the national MRLs were detected.
Samples were randomly taken from points of entry, wholesalers, retailers and
farmgates.
The total number of pesticides analyzed for was 207. The 10 most frequently
pesticides found were: maneb group (53.4% of samples analysed), benomyl group
The reporting levels are generally those routinely achieved in the laboratories.
18
In Table F, no results of the homogeneity exercise 2001 are reported, since all
samples analysed, contained not detectable residues of phorate in potatoes and/or
methidathion in apples.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The EU guidelines are followed as close as possible. The screening of samples by GLC
involves the use of matrix-matched standard mixtures containing the most commonly
encountered pesticides, including at least two pesticides with a poor or variable GC
response or recovery. Bracketing calibration is used. Although most quantitations are
carried out using calibration curves with 3-5 levels covering a limited concentration
range, a single calibration point is sometimes used, for example for confirmation of a
residue, which has already been quantified on a different GC system.
Routine recovery checks and blanks are carried out approximately every 20 samples
rather than on the basis of batches, because of the uneven flow of samples to the
laboratory.
None of the laboratories is yet accredited.
Results are summarised in the following tables and figures.
19
Table 1. Overview of the results from the Hellenic pesticide monitoring programme
2001.fresh and frozen
fruit and
vegetablesCereals Processed foods
Number%
TotalNumber
%
TotalNumber
%
Total
Total samples
analysed1369 100 5 100 365 100
Samples with
non detectable
residues
926 67.6 5 100 110 30.1
Samples with
detectable
residues at or
below the MRL
414 28.8 0 0 249 68.2
49 0 6
EU
MRLs
National
MRLsEU
MRLs
National
MRLs
EU
MRLs
National
MRLs
Samples with
detectable
residues of one
or more
pesticides
exceeding the
EU or national
MRLs
46 3
3.60 0
0
0 6
1.6
20
Figure 1. Results from the Hellenic National monitoring programme 2001 – fresh and
frozen fruits and vegetables.
Total number of samples: 1369 Fig. 1
ND67,6
>3,6
<28,8
Figure 2. Results from the Hellenic National monitoring programme 2000 – cereals.
Total number of samples: 5 Fig. 2
ND100,0%
Figure 3. Results from the Hellenic National monitoring programme 2000 – processed
products.
Total number of samples: 365 Fig. 3
ND30,1%
> MRL1,6%
< MRL68,2%
21
SPAIN
SPANISH PESTICIDE MONITORIN Results –2001
The Spanish pesticide monitoring programme for pesticide residues in food was carried out by theAutonomies Communities coordinated by the Spanish Ministry ofAgriculture, Fish and Food.
The objectives of the programme were to assume that:
The pesticide was used accordingly with the Good Agriculture Practice.The health of consumer was protected.
The vegetables were collected by the inspectors following the requirements of the directive 79/700at the productions and wholesalers level because more that 95% of the Spanish food is produced inSpain a very few are imported food. Then they are sent to the laboratories. The monitoringprogramme has been coordinated by Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food and included theEuropean and national action.
This programme takes into account:
Proportion of the crops accordingly with the production.Requirements from EU coordinated programmeSome special actions concerning problems with certain crop.
Laboratories
14 laboratories carried out the monitory programme but until now their report is not yetaccordingly with the European format that was make at Central Service.
All samples were analysed by multiresidues method and same of their by simple method.
For multiresidues methods the samples were extracted by solvent (acetone or ethil acetate)then partitioned by liquid-liquid. The purification for organo-halogenated and organo phosphatemolecules were performed by cartridge set-pack, florisil or GPC. The determination is conducted byECD, NPD, FPD or hall detector GC/MS is used as confirmation for samples above MRL's whenthe techniques is applicable.
Additional methods were used for determination of methyl carbamate, maneb groups,inorganic bromides, benomyl group and so on.
175 pesticides can be research and we have found 78. (approximatly 44%)
Four laboratories, Madrid, Valencia, Zaragoza and Barcelona were accredited by ENACand others are in very advance fase to obtain the accreditation. The accreditation can be occurredonly if methods was validated by collaborative study. The validation "in house" required a lot ofinvestigation. For the new molecules the accreditation seems difficult to obtained. The threelaboratories were assuming approximately 40% of the samples.
All laboratories were involved in some proficiency test with Almeria university and EUproficiency text.
22
Results
The total number of samples analysed in coordinated EC programme and Spanishprogramme were3.341, the 3.098 and the repartion were 1.362 (43,9%) fruits, 1.519 (49,03%)vegetables, and 217 (4,09%) other vegetables, the 243 (7,84%) cereals.
For cereals only 2 sample (0,8%), was above the MRL's. For vegetables and fruits and otersvegetables the samples that exceeded the MRL's were about 4,4%.
The pesticides that were found the most frequently were accordingly with the crop.
YEAR 2001 REPORT ON THE FRENCH MONITORING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES INPLANT PRODUCTS
SUMMARY
In 2001, a total of 4177 samples of crops (fruits, vegetables, juices, cereal products) were taken andanalysed for 223 active substances of pesticides.MRLs were exceeded in 226 samples (6.2%). The majority of theseexceedances concernedCommunity regulatory provisions (4.2%).Half of the samples did not contain the sought pesticideresidues.The analytical methods used detect most plant health molecules from the level of 0.01mg/kg.Tomatoes, lettuces and similar, apples, strawberries and grapes were sampled as part of theEuropean Commission harmonised monitoring programme. The Community MRLs fordithiocarbamates (maneb group) were exceeded for lettuces and similar; for methamidophos,tomatoes are more specifically affected; and for the benomyl group, strawberries were moreaffected.Targeted surveillance was carried out on lettuces to search for dithiocarbamates anddicarboximides—the most frequent exceedances were indeed caused by the maneb group but alsoby acephate and methamidophos.According to the overall information (table C), it appears that the exceedances for fruits reach 5.6%.This percentage is mainly due to cherries and strawberries. For tropical produce, mangos andpineapples, the exceedances result from a lack of information on these crops on the part of pesticidesuppliers. However, this does not lead to a human health problem because the skin, whichconcentrates residues, is not ingested.As for vegetables, the situation is improving slowly but surely. Peppers are still the worst problemwith lettuces, celeries and carrots. For lettuces, the exceedances observed result from the search forbromides, which can distort statistics with respect to other countries.As in previous years, large samplings of lettuces and similar were taken. They are over-representedwith respect to their dietary consumption in France. In fact 250 samples would be more in relationwith the consumption levels but DGCCRF’s action is also to strengthen surveillance and sometimes"enforcement" in sensitive sectors.Lastly, as regards cereals, only post-harvest pesticides were identified and the exceedances wereinsignificant.
INTRODUCTION
The Community monitoring programme for pesticide residues in plant products is carried out by theDirection Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des Fraudes—DGCCRF (General Directorate for Fair Trading, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control).The aims of this multi-year programme are to:
▪ monitor compliance with MRLs, and therefore compliance with approved usage ofpesticides in accordance with good agricultural practices.
▪ assess the real dietary exposure of consumers to pesticide residues.
Crops and processed foods are sampled by surveillance inspectors following the samplingprocedure requirements at growers, wholesalers, and retailers. The general sampling programme isdrawn up by the central authority and takes account of national and European priorities.This programme takes into account:
- the dietary proportion of plant products,
24
- the requirements of the EU coordinated programme,- the results of the 1999 monitoring programme,- the targeted inspection on certain fruits and vegetables (peppers and salads).
LABORATORIES
Six DGCCRF laboratories were involved in the monitoring programme and in the targetedsurveillance programme. The results were collected by the Massy laboratory which analysed them.The laboratories generally used multi-residue methods and sometimes specific adapted methods.Using multi-residue techniques, the samples were extracted by solvents (acetone or ethyl acetate),then partitioned by a liquid-liquid partition. Halogenated molecules were purified on adsorbents(Florisil or silica, SPE ) or by gel permeation. (bio beads) Determination and quantification wereperformed by GLC or HPLC with adapted detectors such as ECD, FPD, NPD, Hall, MS, UV,fluorimetry. GC/MS were used for confirmation most of the time.Specific methods were used for the determination of dithiocarbamates, inorganic bromides, maleichydrazide, chlormequat, and benzimidazoles.Several laboratories are accredited by COFRAC for these determinations. For instance, thelaboratory at Massy is accredited for determinations of organo-halogenated compounds,organophosphate compounds, benzimidazoles, dithiocarbamates, etc., and the laboratory inMontpellier for dithiocarbamates and benzimidazoles. (see table G)All the laboratories were involved in proficiency tests organised by BIPEA, FAPAS and/or CHECK
RESULTS
4177 samples were taken for the monitoring programme. Approximately 70% of them were fromnational production. 36% concerned fruits and 51% vegetables.
FRUITS
1505 samples were analysed. The results are presented below.
Breakdown of fruits
42%
52%
6%
sans résidu
avec résidu
dépassements
sans résidu = without residuesavec résidu = with residuesdépassements = exceedances
The situation is satisfactory for apples and bananas. Pears present a non-conformity rate of 5%.Chlormequat was detected in only two samples. The action undertaken over the past two years hastherefore led to a considerable improvement in imported pears.
25
Citrus fruits often contain chlorpyrifos-ethyl and some exceedances are due to post-harvesttreatments. The latter also appear in citrus fruits sold as ‘untreated’.
2140 samples of vegetables were taken by the department. The results of the analyses are given inthe graphs below.
Residues situation in vegetables
58%
35%
7%
sans résidu
avec résidu
dépassements
sans résidu = without residues; avec résidu = with residues; dépassements = exceedances
26
310
29
272
6
78
11
516
53
18
3
33
7
33
5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
légumesracines
poivrons herbes haricot
Examples of the situation of vegetables
dépassements
nombre d'échantillons
dépassements = exceedances; nombre d’échantillons = number of sampleslégumes racines = root vegetables; poivrons = peppers; herbes = herbs; haricot = beans516 samples are lettuces and similar
Peppers and celery contribute to a considerable extent to the percentage of MRL exceedances. Thissituation, compared with that of lettuces and similar, is more worrisome insofar as the number ofsamples is relatively less high than in the case of salads.For the remaining vegetables and miscellaneous, chicories, mushrooms and cabbages present fewexceedances.
CEREALS AND PROCESSED PRODUCTS
As in 2000, few MRL exceedances were observed in the 271 samples analysed. Two cases ofgamma-HCH presence were detected.
As can be seen, cereals contamination is very low. For gamma-HCH (lindane), the maximumcontamination is 0,4 mg/kg; two other samples contain far lower levels.For deltamethrin, the results are satisfactory: in effect the MRL is 1 mg/kgReferring to organophosphate compounds, it should be recalled that the MRLs are respectively 2,2.8 and 5 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos-methyl, dichlorvos, malathion and pyrimiphos-methyl.
Breakdown of the most often incriminatedsubstancesmanébe groupe
Compared with the year 2000, a decrease in methamidophos exceedances can be seen. Maneb andbenomyl groups are the main causes of exceedances.
Origin of samples with exceedances ( EC harmonised MRLs)
Amérique du sud = South America; Afrique = Africa; autres Europe = other European; Espagne =Spain; France = France
The proportion of exceedances for France should be related to the proportion of samples. Thesamples of nonconforming French products represent 62% of the total nonconforming products butFrench products account for two-thirds of the products sampled in the market. The situation ofFrench production is therefore no more critical than that of the other European countries in relationto the same means of surveillance.
Plurality of pesticides in the same sample
fréquence de plusieurs pesticides sur l'échantillon
2 pesticides51%
3 pesticides27%
4 pesticides12%
5 pesticides7%
6 pesticides2%
7 pesticides1%
10 pesticides0%
9 pesticides0%
8 pesticides0%
2 pesticides
3 pesticides
4 pesticides
5 pesticides
6 pesticides
7 pesticides
8 pesticides
9 pesticides
10 pesticides
Most samples contain one or two pesticides. The probability therefore of finding in the same sampletwo molecules of the same family appears quite low; on the other hand, a finer analysis would benecessary to ensure that the modes of action on all the results are not equivalent.
29
CONCLUSIONS
In 2001, there were fewer alerts than in previous years. Chlormequat in pears still requiressurveillance but the number of exceedances of the limits has decreased. Methamidophos is still anactive substance to be monitored but the situation has improved. Lettuces and similar are still asource of concern, particularly for dithiocarbamate exceedances. Initiatives are being taken by theFrench committee studying the impact of phytosanitary products (commission française destoxiques) to find a solution. The solution would consist in authorising, for salads, onlyphytosanitary formulations in which dithiocarbamates are combined with other molecules. This willhelp reduce the product dose applied per hectare, thereby reducing dithiocarbamate levels.
The situation of French laboratories regarding accreditation is improving since a third laboratorywas accredited in 2001 for pesticide analyses and in 2002 two other units obtained this status.Research should be developed mainly on widely used pesticides.
30
IRELAND
Irish Pesticide Monitoring Results for 2001.
The Irish pesticide monitoring programme for pesticide residues in food is undertaken bythe Pesticide Control Service of Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development as aservice contract to the Irish Food Safety Authority. The objectives of the programme are to ensurethat
- pesticides are correctly applied to foodand that
- consumers are not exposed to unacceptable pesticide residues in food.
In 2001 some 645 samples were analysed for pesticide residues of which 301 were fruit/vegetables,30 were cereals and the remainder were food of animal origin.
Fruit and vegetables:60 different types of fruit and vegetables were analysed as part of the monitoring
programme. 29.2% of the samples were of domestic origin and the remaining 70.8% were either ofimported or unknown origin. The samples were analysed for residues of up to 89 pesticides andtheir metabolites. 49.5% of samples were found to contain pesticide residues while 3.3% of the totalnumber of samples analysed contained residues in excess of the MRL.
Enforcement action is taken by Ireland only in respect to those pesticide MRL’s which are definedin the EU residue directives, 76/895, 86/362, 86/363, 90/642 and their amending directives.
Details of the pesticide residues detected are provided in the attached tables. In the fruit andvegetable samples analysed residues of 37 different pesticides were detected. MRL’s exist for 30 ofthese compounds and have yet to be established for the remaining 7.
The pesticides most commonly encountered in fruit and vegetables were Thiabendazole (13.5%),carbendazim (7.1 %), captan (6.9%), chlorpyriphos (5.1%), iprodione ( 5.0%), dimethoate (4.4%),dicofol (4.2%), vinclozolin (3.8%), chlorothalonil (3.5%) and chlorfenvinphos (3.4%) etc were theresidues most commonly detected in the pesticide residue monitoring programme.
The distribution of pesticides found in 2001 is consistent with the results of previous years.Thiabendazole is primarily detected in citrus, pome fruit and miscellaneous fruit.;Carbendazim was detected in a range of fruit;Captan was found in fruit generally but mainly in pome fruit. Only in the case of pears wereresidues of captan and folpet found together in the same sample. ;Chlorpyriphos was primarily detected in citrus fruit ;Iprodione was found in a range of fruit and vegetables, particularly the leafy vegetable groups.;Dimethoate was detected more often in 2001 than in previous years and while found in both fruitand vegetables it was present most often in apples and in lettuce.;Dicofol was, as in previous years, found predominantly in citrus fruit;Vinclozolin was found in a range of fruit and vegetables but was found most frequently in kiwifruit.;In all 40 samples (13.5%) contained residues of 2 pesticides, 21 samples (7.1%) contained residuesof 3 pesticides, 2 samples (0.7%) contained residues of 4 pesticides, 3 samples (1 %) containedresidues of 5 pesticides.
31
Cereals:Cereal samples, 18 barley and 12 wheat, were analysed for residues of 89 pesticides and theirmetabolites. The barley samples were all of domestic origin while 75% of the wheat was ofimported origin. A residue of Pirimiphos-methyl was detected in one wheat sample analysed. NoMRL exceedance was detected for the cereal samples analysed.
MRL violations:10 samples of fruit and vegetables were found to contain pesticide residues in excess of the
EU MRL’s. 2 of these samples were of domestic origin while the remainder were imported ( 5 EUproduction and 3 from outside the EU). 9 of the 10 exceedances related to MRL’s which were set atthe LOD which suggests that, at least within the EU, the pesticides were applied to crops illegally.An assessment of the risk associated with the dietary intake of the pesticide /crop combinations inthose cases where the MRL was exceeded did not indicate any risk to the consumer for all of the 10samples concerned.
Quality Control Practices in the laboratory:- The laboratory works to the ISO 17025 accreditation standard which was achieved in
December of 2000.- The laboratory participates in both EU proficiency (when available) and in a series of
annual FAPAS proficiency programmes for pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables.- The work of the laboratory takes into account the guidelines set out in the EU Quality
Control Criteria as agreed by the EU residue analysts in co-operation with the EUcommission.
32
ITALY
No data were provided by Italy
33
LUXEMBOURG
Pesticide residues monitoring in fruits and vegetables and cereals in Luxembourg in 2001
SummaryThis report comprises the results of the coordinated and the national pesticide monitoringprogramme in fruits, vegetables and cereals on the Luxembourgian market in 2001.
The samples were collected by a food inspector according to an annual sampling plan. Importedproducts were sampled at wholesaler distribution points, local products were sampled at retailers atthe central market in the City of Luxembourg. Only routine sampling (no follow-up enforcementsampling) was done. As far as practicable sampling was done according to directive 79/700/EEC.
The samples were analysed by the division of food control being part of the Laboratory of NationalHealth. All samples were analysed by a gas chromatographic multiresidue method with ECD, NPDand MSD (DFG S19, modified). A relative standard deviation of 30% for the analysis was takenwhen deciding whether a MRL was exceeded or not.
Of the pesticides recommended to monitor by the Commission, acephate, azoxystrobin, thiometon,the maneb-group and the benomyl-group were not determined in the 2001 exercise.Disulfoton and phorate are not authorized in Luxemburg in fruits and vegetables, thiometon has aMRL of 0.5 mg/kg for fruits and vegetables, oxydemeton-methyl one of 0.4 mg/kg (except carrots),respectively.
A total of 171 samples were analysed consisting of 157 samples of fruits and vegetables, 10 cerealsamples and 4 processed products. 17.5% of the products were of Luxembourgian origin. Sevensamples contained residue levels higher than EC MRL.
Table: Summary of the 2001 monitoring programme (co-ordinated (EC) and national programme)
Number of samplesanalysed
(fruits, vegetables andcereals)
No of sampleswithout residues
No of sampleswith residues at
or below theMRL
No of samplesexceeding EC-
MRL
No of samplesexceeding N-
MRL
171 109 52 7 3
Pyrimethanil, iprodione and procymidone were found most frequently (35 times), the MRLs wereexceeded only once by these fungicides, however. The fungicide metalaxyl was found in 5 samples,exceeding the MRL twice in strawberries. Methidathion was found 3 times in lemons, 2 times theMRL was exceeded by the insecticide. Of the commodities analysed, pesticides were mostfrequently detected in lettuce, grapes and strawberries.
As methidathion was below reporting limit in all four composite samples, the single units were notfurther analysed.
34
NETHERLANDS
SUMMARY
During 2001 about 2900 samples, both domestic and non-domestic products, were analysed in thenational and coordinated monitoring program. This number was slightly higher than the number ofsamples analysed in 2000 (ca. 2600). Domestic products made up 44 % of the samples, 27 % of thesamples came from other EU countries, 28 % from non-EU countries. Imported products in generalshow higher percentages of MRL-violations. Domestic products show residues above the reportinglimit in about 43 % of the samples, whereas non-domestic products contain residues in 68 % (EU)and 60 % (non EU) of the cases, respectively.In 2001 the violation rate was comparable with 2000. Dutch products contained residues above theMRL in 3,9 % of the cases, non-domestic products had violation rates of about 13 %.
INTRODUCTION
Pesticide residue control has been a task of the Dutch Inspectorate for Health Protection/FoodInspection Service for many years. Therefore, a suitable infrastructure is present for the EU-monitoring as required by directives 90/642/EEC (products of plant origin), 86/362/EEC (cereals)and Recommendation 2001/42/EU (the harmonised specific program 2001).After a strong decrease of sample numbers due to a reorganisation in 1998 the centralised pesticideresidue analysis unit came to full capacity in 2000. By further increasing efficiency more samplescould be analysed.Therefore, the number of samples has risen to 2900 in 2001, compared to 2600 in2000.
SAMPLING
The samples are taken without prior information about the presence of pesticides in the sample.Therefore, they represent the situation on the market for the product at that time. However,sampling is directed relatively more to products that need attention because of the violation rate inprevious years. Therefore, high violation rates can indicate both an efficient sampling strategy andproblems in the agricultural practice. As required by EU-directive 90/642/EU, a monitoring plan ismade accordingly.The monitoring program is primarily directed to major products in the consumption pattern, butsome capacity is reserved to minor products.In the monitoring program special attention was given to chlormequat on pears, because of the highlevel of exceedances in 1999.It was not possible to obtain suitable samples for the homogeneity exercise.The sampling procedure, i.e. the number of subsamples taken from a lot is regulated by the DutchFood and Commodity Law. This regulation is the implementation of the EC-directive 79/700/EEC.
ANALYSIS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
The general strategy is detecting as many pesticides as possible in one analysis by using Multi-Residue-Methods (MRMs). The Dutch method consists of an acetone extraction and a partition stepof the residues into dichloromethane/petroleum ether followed by a chromatographic separation andselective detection of residues. The main detection method is gas chromatography (GC) followed byIon-Trap Mass Spectrometric Detection (ITD). Only for some analytes not detectable sensitivelyenough by ITD, a few additional methods are used:- GC with Electron Capture Detection (ECD)- GC with Nitrogen/Phosphorus (NPD) and Phosphorus/Sulphur detection (FPD)
35
For pesticides not amenable to GC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) MRMs areused- with UV-detection for the detection of fungicides thiabendazole and carbendazim- with post-column derivatisation and fluorimetric detection of N-methylcarbamates
Dithiocarbamates are analysed as CS2 using GC-ECD after decomposing with acidic tin-chloridesolution and extraction into iso-octane.All these MRMs together detect about 300 analytes of the 450 pesticides that have an MRL. In 2001the MRM of benzoylurea herbicides was not performed. The remaining pesticides must be analysedby Single-Residue-Methods (SRMs), which are not performed in routine but on a survey base. In2001 special surveys were conducted for imidacloprid and propamocarb, applying LC-MS.Table A2 gives information about the scope of the MRMs (6.1).The validity of the analytical results is governed by a quality assurance system complying withISO17025. The multi-residue methods are within the scope of the accreditation of the laboratory.The centralised laboratory implemented the EU Guideline on Quality Control (6.2). In order tocheck system performance and to avoid false negative results, reference pesticides standardmixtures containing 76 analytes are run in each batch of samples at the lowest calibration level(LCL), which corresponds to the reporting limit. For these mixtures, also 3-point calibration andrecovery checks are performed.
REGISTRATION AND COMPILATION OF DATA
The 5 Regional Inspectorates for Health Protection have a uniform database-system for the storageof sample data and analytical results. The applied MRMs and SRMs are recorded and the results arestored. Because of the registration of MRMs and the scope of the method, also the absence of aresidue can be established.In this report all results above the MRL increased with a default measurement uncertainty of 20 %are considered to be violating. This procedure has been applied in the 2000 report as well. For thecomparison with previous years results from those years have been reevaluated then in the sameway. In the past, the reporting has not been consistent in all cases,e.g.samples not taken accordingto the official procedure were not always indicated as non complying.
MONITORING RESULTS
During 2001 about 2900 samples, both Dutch and non-domestic products, were analysed in thenational and coordinated monitoring program. During the last 10 years the percentage of samples ofimported products has been increased and brought more in line with the consumption pattern(Figure 1). Imported products in general show higher percentages of MRL-violations (Figure 2).Dutch products show residues above the reporting limit in about 43 % of the samples, whereas non-domestic products contain residues in 68 % (EU) and 60 % (non EU) of the cases, respectively(Figure 3).As a follow up to the incident with chlormequat on pears in 1999 about 100 pear samples wereanalysed for this compound. Only 15% of the samples did not contain any detectable residue ofchlormequat. The results did not differ much from the 2000 data. No MRL violations were observedin Dutch pears. The majority of the samples were below 0,2 mg/kg, showing that the growers
36
strongly changed their agricultural practice compared with 1999 and earlier. However, an Italian lotwas tracked containing more than the EU-MRL of 0,5 mg/kg. The lot was destroyed.It was noted in 2000 that in the production of carrots-with-leaves chlormequat was used to obtain abetter (shorter) leaf structure. In 2001 no chlormequat was found in this product. Some other growthregulators, like trinexapac-ethyl and daminozide weren't present either.In 2001 the violation rate of the monitoring samples was comparable with 2000.Dutch products contained residues above the MRL in 3,6 % of the cases, non-domestic productshad violation rates of about 13,9 % (EU-products) and 12,2 % (non-EU products). Tables A.1 andA.2 show summarised statistical data on sampling and residues. Table 2 gives results on mainproducts in the year 2001.
A comparison is made with the results of previous years. For the main products in the nationalprogram considerably more violations were observed with spinach.Fewer violations were observed with:- pear, banana, sweet pepper, melon, carrot, lettuce.
Some other minor products, not within the national program show a considerable violation rate too:- celery, pineapple, grapefruit, raspberry.
Figure 3a. Residues in Dutch
No residue Res. <MRL Res. >MRL
Figure 3b. Residues in products from EU-countries
No residue Res. <MRL Res. >MRL
Figure 3c. Residues in products fromnon-EU-countries
No residue Res. <MRL Res. >MRL
Figure 1. Number of samples not includingincidents
0
2500
5000
7500
10000
12500
avg'87/90
avg'91/93
avg'94/96
'97 '98 '99 '00 '01
Num
ber
sam
ples
NL EU non-EU non-NL
Figure 2. Percentage of MRL violations notincluding incidents
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
avg'87/90
avg'91/93
avg'94/96
'97 '98 '99 '00 '01
%>
MR
L
NL EU non-EU non-NL
37
Some pesticide/product combinations contribute considerably to the overall violation rates of theproducts. Some of these combinations of products and analytes that exceed the MRLs most oftenare given in Table 1. It is remarkable that all these cases regard violations of MRLs at the LOD andimported products. In most cases a majority of the violations stemmed from one origin. Probablythese violations could have been avoided, if the registrant of the pesticide had requested an importtolerance in the Netherlands. Many of these cases regard MRLs not harmonised in the EU.
Several pesticides have been authorized in other countries, but have not only not an importtolerance in the Netherlands, but no MRL at all. These occurrences (about 120) of cyprodinil,fenazaquin, fenhexamid, flufenoxuron, mepanipyrim, quinoxyfen and trifloxystrobine would havegiven additional exceedances in case MRLs at the LOD had existed.
Table 1. Combinations of crops and pesticides that exceed the MRLs most frequently.
Product Pesticide number of % samples MRL main
samples >MRL country of origin
Cucumber oxadixyl 53 7,5 0,05 * Spain
Grape fludioxonil 180 10,6 0,05 * Italy
Grape penconazole 180 6,1 0,02 * Italy
Grape pyrimethanil 180 9,4 0,05 * Italy, South Africa
Grape tebuconazole 180 2,2 0,05 * Italy
Pepper cypermethrin 54 7,4 0,5 * Thailand
Pepper methamidophos 54 16,7 0,01 * Thailand
Pineapple triadimefon 22 27,3 0,05 * Costa Rica
Pineapple triadimenol 22 22,7 0,1 * Costa Rica
* MRL at LOD
LITERATURE
Analytical Methods for Pesticide Residues in Foodstuffs, Sixth Edition, Inspectorate for HealthProtection, Ministry of Public Health, The Hague/Rijswijk, 1996.Quality Control Procedures for Pesticide Residue Analysis, EU Document 3023/2000,http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/ph_ps/pest/qualcontrol_en.pdf
38
Table 2. Samples of crops taken in monitoring program 2001, with percentage MRL violations,comparing origin and previous years.
A total of 962 samples were analysed under the co-ordinated, national pesticide monitoring programand routine samples. Most of the samples were fresh fruits and vegetables. Beside that otherproducts like cereals were analyzed.
The national pesticide monitoring is done according to a nation-wide sampling plan designed by theInstitute of Applied Statistics and System Analysis (Joanneum Research, Graz) in co-operation withthe Federal Minister of Social Security and Generations. The plan was based on data concerningdietary consumption, production and import of fruits and vegetables and results of formermeasurements. The analytical and budgetary possibilities were taken into account, too.The co-ordinated programme of the European Commission was of course also done.
The samples were taken by trained officials from the local Food Inspection Service(„Lebensmittelaufsicht“).
The analysis of the co-ordinated programme, the national monitoring programme and routinesamples also were made by two federal laboratories for food control (Bundesanstalt fürLebensmitteluntersuchung und –forschung in Wien und Bundesanstalt fürLebensmitteluntersuchung in Innsbruck). Two federal laboratories for food control(Bundesanstalten für Lebensmitteluntersuchung in Graz and Linz) made the analyses of somesamples of the national monitoring programme and routine samples. The federal laboratories arepart of the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety since 1st june 2002.
The analytical methods were adopted from published methods of the Dutch federal laboratories(„Analytical Methods for Pesticide Residues in Foodstuffs“, 6th Ed., General Inspectorate for HealthProtection, Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sport, The Netherlands) and validated in thelaboratories. The fruits and vegetables were analysed up to a maximum of 149 pesticides. Themethods used were a GC multimethod with ECD-, NPD- and FPD-detection. GC/MS-methods areprimarily applied for confirmation purposes of the other GC methods, a HPLC-method forbenzimidazolfungicides and a spectrophotometric method for the sum of dithiocarbamates.
All laboratories involved in the co-ordinated programme and the national monitoring programmeincluding the routine samples got the accreditation in the year 1998.
Summary of results are shown in the following table and figures:
The most frequently found residues were in the co-ordinated and national programme and routinesamples: Imazalil, Procymidone, Endosulfane, Iprodione, Chlorpyriphos, Dimethoate,Thiabendazole, Methidathion, Metalaxyl and Tolclophos-methyl
The figures below shall demonstrate the individual statistics of the different commodities analysedin the co-ordinated programm and of the six specific commodities analysed in the nationalmonitoring programme:
Co-ordinated programmeDue to the fact, that 12 samples per commodity has to been analysed, only one sample with residuesabove the MRL results in 8,3 % „samples with residues exceeding the MRL“. This has to be takeninto account if evaluating the austrian data isolated from other data.
Apples
sa m ples withoutresi dues
25,0%
sa mp les withre sidues below
MRL75,0%
samples wi th
res iduesexcee ding the
MRL0,0 %
Tomatoes
s am ples withoutres idues
58,3%
s am ples withres idues below
MRL41,7%
s am ples with
residuesexceeding the
MRL0,0%
41
Lettuce
samples wi thoutresidue s
50,0%
sa mp les withre sidues below
MRL41,7%
sa mp les wi thresid ues
exceeding th eMRL
8,3%
Strawberries
s am ples without
res idues66,7%
samples withresidues below
MRL33 ,3%
s am ples with
residuesexceeding the
MRL0 ,0%
Grapes
sample s with out
residues25 ,0%
s am ples with
res id ues b elowMRL
66,7%
s am ples with
res iduesexcee ding the
MRL8 ,3%
42
National programmeDue to the fact, that there were commodities for the national programme isolated, of which higher risk forresidues was identified in the last years, these specific data are representative for the austrian market, but themonitoring has to be seen as „targeted monitoring“. It was the aim, to reflect to the results of the last yearsand to choose special commodities of interest for further examination. This type of monitoring is foreseen forthe next years. Additionally the amount of intake of commodity will be taken into account.
Broccoli
s am ple s with ou tres idu es
92 ,1%
s am ples withres idues below
MRL5 ,6%
samples wi th
res iduesexcee ding the
MRL2,2 %
Lettuce (Bummerl/Eissalat)
s am ples withoutres idues
64,9%
samples wi thre sidues below
MRL
25,7%
samples wi th
res iduesexceeding th e
MRL9,5%
Lettuce (Kopfsalat)
sam ples wi tho utresid ues
5 1,5%
samples wi thresid ue s below
MR L35,4%
s am ples with
resi duese xceed ing the
MRL13,1%
Orangessamples with
residues
exceeding theMR L
4,1%
samples withresidues below
MRL75,3%
s am ples withoutres idues
20,6%
Grapessa mp les wi th
resid uesexceedi ng th e
MRL1 2,5%
sa mp les withre sidues below
MRL55,7%
sam ples wi tho utresid ues
3 1,8%
Zucchinisample s wi th
residue sexceeding th e
MRL3,3%
s am ples with
res idu es belowMRL
30,0%
s am pl es withoutres idues
6 6,7%
43
PORTUGAL
Pesticide residue monitoring in foodstuffs of vegetable originPortugal 2001
Throughout 2001, 496 samples of fruits, vegetables and cereals, and 108 samples of processedproducts were analysed. Nearly 69% of the sampling of fruits, vegetables and cereals were domesticproduction and the remainder products imported from other Member-states and third countries.Processed products, specially covering tomato concentrates and wines, were mostly domestic.
The national programme for fruits and vegetables was based on the EU co-ordinated monitoringprogramme and further complemented with crops selected according to the national averageconsumption and according to results or rates of infringements found in previous years. This latterone was specifically the reason for the inclusion of spinach, peppers and rice. Less important crops,such as sub-tropical fruits, were sampled as part of a rolling programme. The numbers of samplesand pesticides analysed were planned according to the analytical capabilities and availableresources in the participating laboratories.
The great majority of samples were taken by food inspectors of Directorate General of Food QualityControl and Inspection (DGFCQA) and by food inspectors of the homologous regional bodies.These samples were taken mostly at wholesale commerce and wholesalers warehouses. In theautonomic region of Madeira, sampling was carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of EconomicalActivities (IRAE), and samples were generally taken in retail due to the small number and smallsize of wholesalers in that region. Grain cereals were often sampled from milling plants and a smallfraction of samples were collected at farm gate by the regional phytosanitary services. Part of thespinach sampling was carried out by the Consumer Institute at retail commerce.
The following pesticide residue laboratories contributed to the 2001 national monitoringprogramme: Directorate General of Crop Protection, DGPC, (lab 1), Regional AgriculturalDirectorate of Madeira (lab 2) and Regional Agricultural Directorate of Entre Douro e Minho (lab3). A total of 114 individual pesticides plus 2 groups (maneb group and benomyl group) wereanalysed, although not all of them were sought in all the commodities or samples. Lab 1 covered111 pesticides and the 2 groups, lab 2 covered 61 pesticides and the maneb group, and lab 3 covered20 organophosphorous pesticides and the maneb group.
In labs 1 and 3 the GC multi-residue method (MRM) with selective detectors was based in ethylacetate extraction and GPC clean up; lab 2 used acetone, dichloromethane and petroleum ether asextracting solvents. Besides different columns, different selective detectors and/or GC-MS wereused in labs 1 and 2 for confirmation of results. For the determination of the dithiocarbamates thespectrophotometric method was used in labs 1 and 3, and the GC method in lab 2. The N-methylcarbamates were analysed in labs 1 and 2 by extraction with acetone, dichloromethane andpetroleum ether and determination by LC-FLD with on-line OPA derivatization. Besides usingdifferent elution systems for confirmation of results, LC-DAD was also used in lab 2. Thebenzimidazole carbamate group was determined (lab1) by LC-UV after ethyl acetate extraction andacid-base partition and/or ethyl acetate extraction with sodium hydroxide followed by GPC cleanup. This latter method was also used for the determination of pyrimethanil.
The insecticides dissulfoton and phorate are not registered in Portugal and have not been monitored.Oxydemeton-methyl is approved for use in apples, pears, tomatoes and strawberries; thiometon isonly approved for apples. In spite of that, oxydemeton-methyl was not monitored at all, andthiometon was only monitored in the samples analised by lab 2. Validation of the analytical methodwas initiated in lab 1 but it could not be concluded in time to include these compounds.
44
Nevertheless, it should be noted that thiometon (parent), thiometon sulphone, phorate (parent),phorate sulphone and the sulphone of oxydemeton-methyl showed a good performance in lab 1through the MRM, and therefore they would have been detected, if present.
As stated in Table G, none of the laboratories is accredited yet, the main reason being the lack ofadequate facilities, which is also hampering the full implementation of some of the quality controlprocedures. Re-installation of labs 1 and 3 into new facilities is expected to happen in the first halfof 2003 and accreditation in the second half. Accreditation of lab 2 is not foreseen before 2004.
In nearly 60% of the whole sampling of fruits, vegetables and cereals (57% fruits and vegetablesand 79% cereal grains) no residues of any pesticide sought were found. In the remainder samples offruits and vegetables, residues of 45 different pesticides were detected; the ten most frequent ones,by decreasing order, were: maneb (group), benomyl (group), captan, phosalone, phosmet,procymidone, dimethoate, iprodione, diphenylamine and chlorpyriphos. In the remainder samples ofcereals, only five different pesticides were found: malathion, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos-methyl, diazinon and dichlorvos. Out of the total sampling of fruits, vegetables and cereals(surveillance and follow up enforcement sampling), 4,8% of the samples exceeded EC MRLs and5,8% exceeded national MRLs. The overall rate of 4,8% exceedances to EC MRLs corresponds toexceedance rates of 5,3% and 1,6% in fruits and vegetables and in cereals, respectively. The overallrate of 5,8% exceedances to national MRLs corresponds to exceedance rates of 6,4% and 1,6% infruits and vegetables and in cereals, respectively. Infringements were more frequent in spinach,lettuce and strawberries, the conclusion being that the control of these commodities must beincreased.
The majority of infringements found relate to both EC or national MRLs set at the limit ofdetermination. All exceedances detected are counted in this report as infringements, without takinginto account the uncertainty associated to the analytical result. However, administrative follow-upactions were generally taken by DGFCQA, IRAE and other regional inspection bodies only in thosecases where the levels found exceeded 1,4xMRL. For values up to 1,4xMRL action taken consistedof official warnings. For results of dithiocarbamates in lettuces and similar and in leafy brassicasadministrative follow-up actions are taken when 2xMRL is exceeded. As a result, a total of 12 caseswere instructed by the competent above mentioned bodies with a view to the levying of fines, andone case was sent to court due to questionable margin of safety. This same case was notified in theRapid Alert System.
Where violations to national MRLs in products originating from other Member-states have fallen inthe situation covered by Article 5º.A of directive 97/41/EC (tolclofos-methyl in peppers,tolylfluanid in apples and fenthion in grapes), the procedure foreseen was immediately initiatedwith a view to the possible adoption of the MRLs set for tolclofos-methyl and tolylfluanid in therespective Member-states of origin. However, the result of consumer risk assessment for fenthion ingrapes precluded acceptance of the MRL in force in the Member-state of origin.
Multiple pesticide residues have occurred in 72 samples of fruits, vegetables and cereals, whichrepresents 14,5% of the total sampling. The highest number of pesticide residues (5) was found inone sample of apples and one sample of lettuce.
With a view to the homogeneity exercise the combination apples/methidathion was selected andtherefore duplicate samples of apples were taken. However, as methidathion did not occur, thisreport contains no Tables F.
Monitoring of processed products included 108 samples, mostly tomato concentrates and wines. Forprocessed tomatoes only residues of the highly polar acephate and methamidophos were found in afraction of the samples. All the levels found were below the MRLs in force for fresh tomatoes and
45
far below the MRLs resulting from the application of the concentration factor (in average 5).Residues in wines were seldom found and, where occurring, levels were negligible in comparisonwith the respective MRLs set for grapes.
46
FINLAND
PESTICIDE RESIDUES MONITORING OF FRUIT, VEGETABLES AND CEREALS INFINLAND - 2001
SUMMARY
The national and EC co-ordinated pesticide residues monitoring was carried out according to theannual program of National Food Agency. Domestic samples were collected by local healthinspectors from farms or retail shops. The majority of import food samples were taken by Customsinspectors from wholesalers. The sampling procedure of directive 79/700/EEC was followed as faras practicable.
Total number of samples was 2439, including 2097 samples of fresh and frozen fruit andvegetables, 67 samples of cereals, and 275 samples of processed foods. For technical reasons theenforcement and surveillance sampling could not be separated in the report. However, in tables D1-4 the separation is made so that all cases where the lot was detained until the analysis was ready, areconsidered as enforcement samples. The enforcement samples have been taken as a follow-up ofviolation, but they are not necessarily from a specific farm or consignment.
Pesticide residues above the reporting limits were found in 47.8 % of the fruit, vegetable and cerealsamples but only in 20.7 % of processed products. The number of samples with residues exceedingthe MRL was 127 (5.2 %). Only cases, where a residue level above the MRL plus analyticaluncertainty was detected, were considered as confirmed residues exceeding the MRL. Six RASFFnotifications were sent during the year.
After each confirmed exceeding of MRL legal action was taken. In case of surveillance samples theholder of the product was ordered to withdraw the remaining parts (if any left) of the inspected lot.Follow up samples were taken from the next lots of the same origin. In case of enforcementsampling non-complying lot shall be destroyed or in some situations the lot may be processed tocomply with the MRL (e.g. aeration to decrease fumigant residues).
The analyses were carried out in two accredited laboratories; Finnish Customs Laboratory (87 % ofthe samples) and Environment Centre of the City of Helsinki (13 % of the samples). Most results ofthe report have been produced by the gas chromatographic multiresidue method, which method isaccredited in both laboratories. The number of pesticides monitored for in the two laboratories bythe multiresidue method was 160 and 89 respectively. In addition maneb and benomyl grouppesticides. inorganic bromide, hydrogen phosphide, maleic hydrazide, glyphosate, chlormequat anddiquat were analyzed in Customs Laboratory from selected samples. The quality control proceduresas described in Commission Recommendation 1999/333/EC have been implemented in bothlaboratories but some elements only partly. Customs Laboratory has participated in three FAPASproficiency tests in 2001 and organized a ring test of dithiocarbamate and bromide analysis amongsome Nordic laboratories.
The homogeneity studies could not be carried out as residues of phorate in potatoes and residues ofmethidathion in apples were not found.
47
SWEDEN
The Swedish Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Foodof Plant Origin: 2001
Summary of results
In 2001, a total of 2 897 surveillance samples of fruits, vegetables, juices, fruit drinks, cereal grains,cereal products, vegetable oils, and oil seeds were analysed for residues of 224 pesticides (263analytes). National or EU harmonised Maximum Residue Limits (EC-MRLs) were exceeded by 57samples (2.0 %). One sample of domestically grown vegetables contained residues above theMRLs.Apples, strawberries, table grapes, lettuce and tomatoes, in all 555 samples, were analysed in the2001 EU co-ordinated programme. Three of these samples exceeded the EC-MRLs for thepesticides concerned.Detectable residues were found in 21 out of 74 samples of foods for infants and young children.A total of 52 enforcement samples of fruits and vegetables were collected and 17 lots (148.5 tons)were prohibited from being sold.The short-term intake was estimated for 18 pesticides based on the highest residue found in asurveillance (composite) sample and using UK consumption data. The acute reference dose (ARfD)was exceeded for toddlers in two cases, endosulfan in melons and monocrotophos in table grapesand in one case for adults, monocrotophos in table grapes.
Design of the national monitoring programme
The target number of samples to be collected of each food is roughly proportional to the food'sconsumption rate and takes into account both the amount of domestic production and the amount ofimports from EU-countries and third countries. However, the number is also based on theimportance of the foodstuff in the diets of infants and young children as well as residues found inprior samples. The National Food Administration (NFA) is responsible for the pesticide residuecontrol in Sweden.
Surveillance sampling
Samples collected in accordance with the monitoring programme were defined as surveillancesamples, i.e. there were no suspicions about excessive amounts of pesticide residues in the lots priorto sampling.Fresh fruit and vegetables were sampled at wholesalers' warehouses in the first trade channel. Nor-mally, a sample included three sub-samples, each of about 1–3 kg. The sub-samples were collectedfrom at least three different boxes or places throughout the lot. The sample was sealed and labelledwith a unique sample identity.Samples of domestic produced cereal grains were collected at the milling plants. The imported ce-real grains were sampled at the port where the shipment was discharged. Usually, one bulk sampleof about 3–5 kg was collected by stream sampling technique.Most of the samples of processed or frozen fruit and vegetables, juices, fruit drinks, rice, cerealproducts, vegetable oils, and oil seeds were collected in retail shops or department stores.Plant inspectors from the National Board of Agriculture collected most of the samples.
48
Enforcement sampling
When a surveillance sample contained a pesticide residue above the national or EC-MRL, theNational Food Administration prescribed a condition for the offering for sale or other handling ofthe food or lot to which the food belonged. As a follow-up, next lots of the commodity from thegrower/exporter were detained and enforcement samples were collected.
Analytical methods and laboratory status
Practically all samples of fruit and vegetables were analysed by the multi-residue method. By thismethod, the samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, cleaned up on an S-X3 gel permeationcolumn and determined by capillary gas chromatography.In all, by using both multi-residue methods and single residue methods it was possible to determine224 pesticides corresponding to 263 analytes. A total of about394 000 residues (analyte/commodity combinations) were sought.All analyses were carried out at AnalyCen Nordic AB, Lidköping. This laboratory is accredited bythe Swedish accreditation authority SWEDAC for all analytical methods used for the NFA’s officialcontrol of pesticide residues in food of plant origin.
Quality control procedures and LODs
The EC guidelines “Quality Control Procedures for Pesticide Residue Analysis”, second edition,1999/2000 have been implemented as far as practicable. The laboratory has participated in sixproficiency tests (Table G).The majority of the pesticide residues were measured and reported from the limit of quantitation(determination), generally in the range of 0.01 - 0.2 mg/kg. For certain pesticides, e.g.cypermethrin, imazalil, methamidophos, procymidone and thiabendazole the EC-MRLs set at theLODs were not achievable in our routine monitoring.
Homogeneity exercise
In the EU co-ordinated programme the homogeneity factor should be determined for methidathionin apples and/or phorate in potatoes. No residues were found of methidathion in apples. Phorate isnot yet included in the Swedish monitoring programme. However, the homogeneity factor wasdetermined for eleven other pesticides. The factor varied between 1.4-5.6.
Authorisation status
None of the four pesticides disulfotone, oxydemeton-methyl, phorate and thiometon is authorisedfor use in Sweden.
49
UNITED KINGDOM
THE UK PESTICIDES MONITORING PROGRAMMEBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAMME, RESULTS AND MONITORING
1. BackgroundThe purpose of the UK monitoring is threefold: to back up the statutory approvals process for pesticides bychecking that no unexpected residues are occurring; to check that residues do not exceed statutory EU andUK maximum residue levels (MRLs) and to check that human dietary intakes of residues are at acceptablelevels. This monitoring, together with that carried out by local authorities and the food industry provided awide-ranging overview of the residues present in food. Only 0.7% of samples analysed contained residuesabove MRLs, and the majority of these would not lead to an exceedance of the acceptable daily intake (ADI).
The results from the programme of work were submitted to the European Commission in fulfilment ofobligations for reporting results of surveillance for pesticide residues established by Directives 86/362/EEC,86/363/EEC and 90/642/EEC. Results of the co-ordinated recommended monitoring programme carried outacross the EU were again included in the report.
2. Selection criteriaSamples for the main commodity rolling programmes have generally been obtained at fortnightly intervalsfrom two population centres in each of twelve regions of the UK. The centres selected are changed eachyear. Generally, the choice of foodstuffs to be analysed in the programmes represents a balance betweenthe levels of consumption of those foodstuffs, information on the possible levels of residues and the need toensure that as wide a range of commodities as possible is included in the surveillance. Where practicablesamples are taken, prepared and analysed according to CAC guidelines (Recommended Method ofSampling for the Determination of Pesticide Residues (Vol. 2, section 3, Codex Alimentarius, 1993) andPortion of Commodities to which Codex Maximum Residue Limits Apply and which is Analysed (Vol. 2,Codex Alimentarius, 1993). Samples are generally analysed unwashed and unpeeled, with the exception ofroot crops which are routinely washed. Only one variety, from a single source, is included in each sample.
In determining its surveillance programme, the Pesticide Residues Committee (PRC) considers data fromother sources including publications produced by other UK Agriculture departments. The UK also considersdata published on monitoring carried out by other governments, as well as data and intelligence fromindustry and other sources.
3. EnforcementWhen the level of pesticide residues found during PRC surveys indicates use of a non-approved pesticide, orthe use of a pesticide other than in accordance with the conditions of its approval, the source of the samplesinvolved is investigated to establish the cause of the residues. Further targeted surveillance is normallycarried out to check whether the result represented an isolated incident. For UK-produced commodities,enforcement involves the taking of samples from a grower's premises for analysis. If evidence of misuse isfound the grower is prosecuted. In the case of imported produce from third countries, sampling is normallycarried out at the point of entry while the consignment is detained. If unacceptable residues are found, thewhole consignment is refused entry to the UK, and other EU member states are notified. If problems areidentified in retail samples of produce of EU origin, the details are reported to the Member State concerned,to allow the relevant authorities to follow up the case.
4. The 2001 European Union recommended monitoring programmeSurveys were carried out in support of the Commission recommendation for a harmonised, specific, EUprogramme. Samples of apples, grapes, lettuce, strawberries and tomatoes were analysed for a range ofpesticides indicated in the recommendation. Residues were detected in 68 of the 252 apple samples, and29 contained multiple residues. No MRLs were exceeded. Residues were detected in 39 of the 72 grapesamples analysed, and 16 contained multiple residues. No MRLs were exceeded. Residues were detectedin 54 of the 180 lettuce samples analysed, and 17 contained multiple residues. The MRL was exceeded intwo samples. Residues were detected in 115 of the 179 strawberry samples analysed, and 68 containedmultiple residues. The MRL was exceeded in four samples. Residues were detected in 26 of the 144tomato samples analysed, and 8 contained multiple residues. No MRLs were exceeded.
50
5. Implications of 2001 results for consumers0.7% of samples analysed contained residues in excess of an MRL. This confirmed that in the vastmajority of cases pesticides were being applied in accordance with their label requirements, andalso provided an assurance to consumers that, where they were being exposed to residues, they wereat safe levels. In all cases where MRLs were exceeded, or where there are potential intake issues, aseparate consumer risk assessment was carried out to establish whether the level of residues presentwould lead to an exceedance of the ADI or, where appropriate the ARfD, by a high level consumer.The risk assessments indicated that in the great majority of cases there would be no exceedance.Both the ADI and the ARfD incorporate safety margins and the risk assessments assume foodintake at the 97.5 percentile level in food surveys. Therefore, even where exceedances arecalculated, the risk to consumers is unlikely.
6. Methods of Work and Quality ControlFull details of the Committee's methods of work are contained inSurveillance: The Estimation ofDietary Exposure to Pesticides - Report of the Working Party on Pesticide Residues: 1991-1993which is published as Food Surveillance Paper Number 50 available from the Stationery Office(ISBN 0 11 243015 5).
6.1 Quality ControlAnalytical methods were deemed acceptable if the level of recovery of added pesticide was between60% - 140%, providing that routinely the mean recovery was in the range 70% - 110%. Resultswhich exceeded MRLs, or which were unusual in occurrence, or were otherwise of particularsignificance were required to be accompanied by acceptable recovery data and, whereverpracticable, to have been confirmed using mass spectrometry. The residues data provided in thisreport have not been corrected for recovery and are expressed, unless otherwise stated, on the basisof the fresh weight of the sample and as defined by the MRL.
6.2 Proficiency Testing ProgrammeAll laboratories carrying out work have taken part in proficiency testing exercises, including theDutch Chek Monitoring Programme and other international programmes. Recognising theimportance of proficiency testing, MAFF started a scheme in 1990 for laboratories known as theFood Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS). All of the laboratories which submitdata to the PRC participate in FAPAS. Since 1997, all laboratories have allowed the FAPASSecretariat to release their individual results and details of their performance to PSD. This allowsan independent check of the laboratories’ performance to be made. Additionally, all of thelaboratories meet the requirements of a recognised accreditation scheme, such as the UnitedKingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) or the requirements of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP).
THE UK PESTICIDES MONITORING PROGRAMME
Country Total no. of samples No. of samples No. of samplesanalysed * with residues where 1 or more
detected <MRL MRL exceeded
UK 2010 733 27
*= Extract from UK programme. Results of monitoring:Fruit and vegetablesCereal products
51
NORWAY
Pesticide Residue Monitoring in Fruit, Vegetables and Cereals in Norway - 2001
A total of 2431 samples of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and cereals, both imported (61 %) anddomestically produced (39 %) was included in the monitoring programme for 2001. The monitoringprogramme included also 152 samples of processed products and 35 follow-up samples. A total of132 different commodities were analysed.The samples were taken by trained inspectors from the food control authorities, mainly fromwholesaler’s warehouse in different parts of Norway. Samples from retails and farmgates were alsotaken. The number of surveillance samples of each commodity roughly reflects their share of themarket, but more samples were taken of commodities suspected to contain residues. For sampleswith residues exceeding the MRL compliance samples were collected as a follow-up. Whenanalysing the compliance samples the whole consignement is stopped until the results of theanalysis are ready. If the results of the follow-up again show an exceedance of the MRL the wholeconsignement is destructed. It is the responsibility of the local food control authority to carry out thenecessary procedures concering the follow-up of exceedances.The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Pesticide Laboratory, did the analyses.All samples of fruit and vegetables were analysed using a GC multi-residue method, based onextraction with acetone (Luke methode), covering 144 pesticides, isomers and breakdown products.Five pesticides were analysed by LC/MS using the same extraction method. LC/MS was also usedfor analysis of N-methylcarbamates, chlormequat, diquat, dithianon and propamocarb. Biphenyl,orto-phenylphenol and progargite were analysed using GC/MS. The dithiocarbamates weredetermined with a spectrophotometric method. The reporting levels are the limit of determinationfor all methods.The Pesticide Laboratory was accredited on April 1st 1997. The accreditation is based on theEuropean Standard EN 45001 and also includes no. 2 and 7 of the OECD Principles of GoodLaboratory Practice, section II. The analyses were carried out in accordance with the QualityAssurance Manual of the Pesticide Laboratory and the EU Guidelines for Pesticide Analysis. As apart of the quality assurance programme the laboratory participate regularly in internationalintercalibrations / proficiency tests. When a pesticide residue exceeds the MRL, quantitativedetermination is carried out on three replicate samples using three-level calibration, recovery ischecked and the identity of the pesticide confirmed by GC/MS or LC/MS.The monitoring programme covered 179 pesticides including some isomers and breakdownproducts.Among the domestic products violations occurred most frequently in celery. Among the importedproducts carambola, mango and celeriac had the highest number of samples exceeding the MRL.Ninety samples of organic grown products were also analysed. A pesticide residue below MRL wasfound in one sample of carrot.
52
ICELAND
Monitoring of pesticide residues in fresh fruits and vegetables in Iceland in 2001
An official monitoring program for pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables was carriedout in Iceland in 2001. Samples are taken at wholesaler’s warehouses in Reykjavík. Since fruits forcommercial purposes are not grown in Iceland, all fruits and a greater part of the vegetables areimported.
Around 300 samples are analysed each year. Approximately 85% are imported commoditiesand fruits count for 53% of all samples examined. Samples are analyzed by a GC/MS multi methodbased on ethyl acetate extraction, covering 40 pesticides.
As a main rule the maximum residue limits (MRL’s) conform to EU directives, but in fewcases, where EU has not set any limits, they are in accordance with either Codex Alimentarius orregulations from other Nordic countries. When a pesticide residue exceeds MRL, a new sample isanalyzed to confirm the results. No actions are taken unless the value exceeds the MRL plus astandard deviation.
In 2001 a total of 300 samples were examined for pesticides in fruits and vegetables.Imported samples were 242 and domestic samples 58. In 63% of all samples, no pesticide residues,which were looked for, were detected. 37% of the samples contained pesticide residues andviolations of maximum residue limits (MRL’s) were found in 3% of all samples. Commoditiesoriginated from 26 countries, most came from Spain (26%) and The Netherlands (19%). Thepesticides most frequently found were imazalil, thiabendazole, orthophenylphenol, chlorpyrifos,dicofol, metidation, tolylfluanid, chlortalonyl and iprodion.
The laboratory of the Environmental and Food Agency has taken part in FAPAS and willcontinue to do so in the future. The laboratory has not been accredited yet but is planning to initiatethe preparation work next year. It is estimated that it could take at least 2-3 years to receiveaccreditation.
Iceland participated only partially in the coordinated program.
53
LIECHTENSTEIN
Pesticide residues monitoring in fruits and vegetables and cereals carried out inLiechtenstein in 2001
Introduction
This report summarizes the results of the co-ordinated and the national pesticide monitoringprogramme in fruits, vegetables and cereals on the Liechtenstein market in 2001. This report hasbeen prepared according to the recommendation of the ESA as far as technically possible.
Sampling
The samples were collected according to the annual sampling plan prepared by the office for foodinspection and veterinary affairs. The sampling plan is based on the domestic production situationin the agricultural sector and on the ESA co-ordinated monitoring programme. The programme hasstarted in the second half of the year 2001.Samples of fresh fruits, vegetables and cereals were collected mostly from retailers, but also fromfarms and food processing plants. Sampling is done mostly according to directive 79/700/EEC. Thesize of a laboratory sample was at least 1 kg.
Analysis
All samples were analysed by a gas chromatographic multiresidue method (modified germanofficial method DFG S19).This method consists of an acetone/cyclohexane/ethylacetate extraction and a clean-up on a biobeads S-X3 gel permeation column. The extract was analysed by GC with selective detectors (ECD,NPD and FPD) / exception: Carbendazim and Thiabendazol were analysed by HPLC. When apesticide residue exceeded the MRL, the identity of the pesticide was confirmed by GC-MS.Dithiocarbamates were also determined on each sample by using an CS2 evolution method. The CS2is determined by headspace analysing using GC with ECD (DIN 12396-2).
Accreditation and quality assurance
Analyses have been carried out in the Labor Dr. Matt AG, Im Alten Riet 36, FL-9494 Schaan. Thelaboratory is accredited in accordance with the provisions of article 3 of directive 93/99 (accordingto EN 45001[see copy of accreditation certificate in the annex]).
The analytical results are governed by a quality assurance system. The laboratory takes intoaccount, as far as it is possible for a laboratory of its size, of the document “Quality controlProcedures for Pesticide Residues Analysis“- as set out in Annex II to the Recommendation of theESA for the year 1999, OJ L 74, 23.3.2000.
Reporting levels
The lowest residue levels are the same as the limits of determination (generally in the range of0,005 - 0,05 mg/kg). The limits of determination are determined by recovery tests.
54
Results
A total of 63 samples were analysed out of which 22 fruits, 37 vegetables and 4 cereals.In 46 samples no pesticide residues were detected. 16 samples showed pesticide contamination at orbelow MRL's national and EC. Two samples contained a residue level higher than the maximumEC and national level. The product pesticide combinations concerned were grape/Maneb group andcarrots/Diazinon, the first one is the sample from domestic production, the second one an importedsample.The total number of residues analyzed for is 32. The pesticides Disulfotone, Phorate, Thiomethoneand Oxydemethonmethyl were not searched for because their use on the products sampled was notauthorized.The most frequently found residues derived from the pesticides Folpet, Azinphosmethyl and fromthe Maneb group.
Summary of results:
Total nr. ofsamplesanalysed
Nr. ofsampleswithoutresidues
Nr. ofsamples withresidues at orbelow theMRL
Nr. ofexceedings
of EC-MRLs
Nr. ofexceedingsof N-MRLs
Co-ordinated and nationalprogramme, vegetablesand cereals
63 46 16 2 2
Schaan, January 9, 2003 PM/st
Encl.: Tables A - G
Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission for APPLES
Number of pesticide*sample combinations, in which a residue was found with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Belgium Year of sampling:
Total number of samples analysed: 44 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 37 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 7
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 39 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 31 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 8
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Leafy vegetables Food item: Lettuce (Protected and Open air)
Reporting country: Belgium Year of sampling:
Total number of samples analysed: 76 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 26 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 48
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Belgium Year of sampling:
Total number of samples analysed: 23 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 18 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 5
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Belgium Year of sampling:
Total number of samples analysed: 33 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 14 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 19
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 139 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 4Without detectable residues: 106 With residues above EC-MRL: 4With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 29
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Total number of samples analysed: 129 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 3Without detectable residues: 92 With residues above EC-MRL: 3With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 34
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Denmark 2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 89 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 59 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 28
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Denmark 2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 46 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 33 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 13
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Denmark 2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 140 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 64 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 75
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Denmark 2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Germany Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 558 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 5Without detectable residues: 259 With residues above EC-MRL: 5With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 294
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Reporting country: Germany Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 489 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 14Without detectable residues: 256 With residues above EC-MRL: 14With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 219
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Germany Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 325 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 17Without detectable residues: 100 With residues above EC-MRL: 17With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 208
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)Pesticide (**) of samples samples level 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 >50 residue samples (mg/kg) MRL (***)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Germany Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 389 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 14Without detectable residues: 173 With residues above EC-MRL: 14With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 202
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Germany Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 593 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 18Without detectable residues: 199 With residues above EC-MRL: 18With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 376
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Hellas Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 55 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 14 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 40
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Hellas Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 77 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 3Without detectable residues: 16 With residues above EC-MRL: 3With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 58
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Hellas Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 45 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 5 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 39
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Hellas Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 47 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 14Without detectable residues: 20 With residues above EC-MRL: 14With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 13
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Hellas Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 81 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 22 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 58
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: SPAIN Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 45 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 7 With residues above EC-MRL:
With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 38
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: SPAIN Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 45 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 4Without detectable residues: 21 With residues above EC-MRL: 4With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 20
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: SPAIN Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 45 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 3Without detectable residues: 35 With residues above EC-MRL: 3With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 7
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: SPAIN Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 35 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 10 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 23
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: France Year of sampling:
Total number of samples analysed: 308 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 149 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 157
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 272 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 10Without detectable residues: 167 With residues above EC-MRL: 10With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 95
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 379 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 27Without detectable residues: 132 With residues above EC-MRL: 27With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 220
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European CommissionRemark:
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: France Year of sampling:
Total number of samples analysed: 141 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 11Without detectable residues: 50 With residues above EC-MRL: 11With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 80
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes Remark:
Reporting country: France Year of sampling:
Total number of samples analysed: 61 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 24 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0
or without MRL: 35
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Ireland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 40 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 10 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 2or without MRL: 28
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Propyzamide 40 40 0.09Thiabendazol 40 36 0.05 1 1 2 0.87 0 5.00 ETriazophos 40 40 0.03Thiomethon(###)Vinclozolin 40 40 0.02xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Ireland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 10 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 7 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 3
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Ireland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 5 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 2 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 3
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Ireland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 4 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 2 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 2
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 525 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 9Without detectable residues: 280 With residues above EC-MRL: 9With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 236
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
ITALY 2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 318 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 264 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 54
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Only add information regarding tomatoes and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
ITALY 2001
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 149 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 112 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 36
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
(a) The sample must be considered as regular because the MRL was 1 mg/Kg when analysed.
ITALY 2001
Only add information regarding lettuce and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 235 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 5Without detectable residues: 116 With residues above EC-MRL: 5With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 114
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet) (a) One of these samples must be considered as regular because the MRL was 2 mg/Kg when analysed.(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
(b) One of these samples must be considered as regular because the MRL was 1 mg/Kg when analysed.
ITALY 2001
Only add information regarding strawberries and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 144 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 83 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 61
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
ITALY 2001
Only add information regarding table grapes and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: LU Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 21 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 13 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 7
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Propyzamide 21 21 0.02Thiabendazol 21 20 0.20 1 1.96Triazophos 21 21 0.02Thiomethon(###) 0Vinclozolin 21 21 0.05xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: LU Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 17 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 11 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 4
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: LU Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 14 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 10 With residues above EC-MRL:
With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 4
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: The Netherlands Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 129 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 16 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 112
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Propyzamide 0.02Thiabendazol 129 113 0.02 3 2 6 4 1 3 5.00 ETriazophos 129 129 0.02Thiomethon(###) 0Vinclozolin 129 129 0.03xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: The Netherlands Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 109 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 68 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 40
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: The Netherlands Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 134 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 37 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 96
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: The Netherlands Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 128 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 22 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 106
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: The Netherlands Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 180 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 3Without detectable residues: 40 With residues above EC-MRL: 3With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 137
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Austria Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 12 With residues above MRL (EC+national):
Without detectable residues: 3 With residues above EC-MRL:
With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 9
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Propyzamide 11 11 0.05Thiabendazol 6 6 0.01Triazophos 12 12 0,01;0,02Thiomethon(###) 6 6 0.02Vinclozolin 11 11 0.01xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Austria Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 12 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 6 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 5
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Austria Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 12 With residues above MRL (EC+national):
Without detectable residues: 8 With residues above EC-MRL:
With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 4
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Austria Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 12 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 3 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL:
or without MRL: 8
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Portugal Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 50 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 24 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 25
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Propyzamide 49 49 0.05 0Thiabendazol 49 49 0,1-0,2 0Triazophos 49 49 0.02 0Thiomethon(###) 0Vinclozolin 49 49 0.02 0xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Portugal Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 66 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 44 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 22
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Portugal Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 85 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 7Without detectable residues: 53 With residues above EC-MRL: 7With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 25
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet) a) Sampling before directive EC/42/00 came into force
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Portugal Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 21 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 11 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 8
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet) a) Sampling before directive EC/42/00 came into force
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Portugal Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 88 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 53 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 35
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Finland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 116 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 67 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 49
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Propyzamide 0 0 0.02 EThiabendazol 116 105 0.03 2 2 3 1 2 1 2.1 5.00 ETriazophos 116 116 0.02 0.02 EThiomethon(###) 0 0 WVinclozolin 116 116 0.01 1.00 Exxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Finland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 78 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 54 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 24
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Finland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 83 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 27 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 54
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Finland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 145 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 93 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 52
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Finland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 68 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 17 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 51
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Sweden Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 202 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 112 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 89
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl. carbendazim. thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates. expressed as CS2(***) E=EC-MRL. N=National MRL. W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 105 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 78 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 27
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl. carbendazim. thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates. expressed as CS2(***) E=EC-MRL. N=National MRL. W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Sweden Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 75 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 51 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 24
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl. carbendazim. thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates. expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL. N=National MRL. W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Sweden Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 68 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 54 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 14
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl. carbendazim. thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates. expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL. N=National MRL. W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Sweden Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 105 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 2Without detectable residues: 59 With residues above EC-MRL: 2With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 44
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl. carbendazim. thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates. expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL. N=National MRL. W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: UK Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 252 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 183 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 69
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Thiabendazol 72 63 0.05 1 6 2 0.7 0 5 ETriazophos 72 72 0.02 0 0 W/0.02+ EThiomethon(###)Vinclozolin 72 72 0.05 0 0 1 E(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
+MRL changed 1 July 2001
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 144 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 118 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 26
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Total number of samples analysed: 180 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 126 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 53
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
+ Temporary UK MRL of 3 mg/kg for azoxystrobin was implemented on 6 July 2001. EC MRL of 0.05 mg/kg referred to, before this date
++ MRL changed 1 July 2001
2001
Only add information regarding lettuce and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: UK Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 179 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 3Without detectable residues: 64 With residues above EC-MRL: 3With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 112
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
+ MRL changed 1 July 2001
++ Samples not analysed for chlorothalonil, due to problems with sample preparation.
2001
Only add information regarding strawberries and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: UK Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 72 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 33 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 39
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
+ MRL changed 1 July 2001
2001
Only add information regarding table grapes and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Norway Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 115 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 67 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 48
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
Propyzamide 112 112 0.05Thiabendazol 112 101 0.05 2 4 4 1 1.8 5.00 ETriazophos 112 112 0.05Thiomethon(###) 112 112 0.05Vinclozolin 112 112 0.02xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Norway Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 86 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 59 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 27
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Norway Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 93 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 3Without detectable residues: 70 With residues above EC-MRL: 3With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 20
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Norway Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 141 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 42 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 99
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Norway Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 72 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 24 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 48
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
xxxx: do not report MRL here, report MRL in the row (Sum Captan+Folpet)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Iceland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 20 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 17 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 1or without MRL: 2
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Iceland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 11 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 9 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 2
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Reporting country: Iceland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 4 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 4 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 0
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Iceland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 8 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 8 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 0
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Iceland Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 9 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 6 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 3
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Pome fruit Food item: Apples
Reporting country: Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 10 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 8 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 2
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Liechtenstein 2001
Only add information regarding apples and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 11 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 11 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 0
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Liechtenstein 2001
Only add information regarding cucumbers and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Total number of samples analysed: 7 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 5 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 2
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Liechtenstein 2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Strawberries
Reporting country: Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 2 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 0Without detectable residues: 2 With residues above EC-MRL: 0With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 0or without MRL: 0
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Liechtenstein 2001
Only add information regarding peas and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns
Table B: Notifications of the co-ordinated programme (specific exercise) to the European Commission
Product group: Berries and small fruit Food item: Table grapes
Reporting country: Year of sampling: Remark:
Total number of samples analysed: 10 With residues above MRL (EC+national): 1Without detectable residues: 2 With residues above EC-MRL: 1With detectable residues at or below MRL With residues above national MRL: 1or without MRL: 7
Samples with quantifiable residues in classes up to and including (in mg/kg) (*)
(*) i.e column 0.02 includes the range from 0.011... mg/kg upto 0.020... mg/kg (#) Benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl (sum of residues expressed as carbendazim).
(**) in alphabetical order of the English name (##) Sum of dithiocarbamates, expressed as CS2
(***) E=EC-MRL, N=National MRL, W=without MRL (###) for those countries where an authorisation of this pesticide/commodity combination exist
Liechtenstein 2001
Only add information regarding head cabbage and the 36 pesticides and do not change or delete rows or columns