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Announcement of UHECR symposium in Nagoya, Japan
• 10-12 December• Visit http://uhecr2010.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ for detail• 15-Oct ; abstract deadline
– Mainly invited talks and contribution posters – Some contributions may be selected for oral presentations
• 12-Nov; registration deadline• Contents
– Highlights from PAO, HiRes, TA and future plan– Accelerator results; AirFly, TA ELS, LHCf– Acceleration, Propagation, Multi messenger astrophysics– Panel discussions on technique, UHECR origin, interaction
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First Results of LHCf; Very Forward Particles at LHC
Collision
Takashi SAKO(Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory,
Nagoya University, Japan)for the LHCf Collaboration
ICATPP Conference, Villa Olmo, Como, Italy, 7-8 October 2010
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UHECR and Hadron Interaction • Recent excellent observations by PAO, HiRes
and TA, but still puzzling in the UHECR origin• Uncertainty in hadron interaction affects in
– Prediction of Xmax– SD observations
• Cross sections of very forward particle emission at as high as possible energy is indispensible
=> LHC forward (LHCf) experiment
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K.Fukatsu, Y.Itow, K.Kawade, T.Mase, K.Masuda, Y.Matsubara, G.Mitsuka, K.Noda, T.Sako, K.Suzuki, K.Taki Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Japan
K.Yoshida Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan
K.Kasahara, M.Nakai, Y.Shimizu, T.Suzuki, S.Torii Waseda University, Japan
T.Tamura Kanagawa University, Japan
Y.Muraki Konan University
M.Haguenauer Ecole Polytechnique, France
W.C.Turner LBNL, Berkeley, USA
O.Adriani, L.Bonechi, M.Bongi, R.D’Alessandro, M.Grandi, H.Menjo, P.Papini, S.Ricciarini, G.Castellini INFN, Univ. di Firenze, Italy
A.Tricomi INFN, Univ. di Catania, Italy
J.Velasco, A.Faus IFIC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UVEG, Spain
D.Macina, A-L.Perrot CERN, Switzerland
The LHCf Collaboration
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96mm
Experimental Set-up
ATLAS
140m
LHCf Detector(Arm#1)
LHCf Detector (Arm#2)
√s=14TeV proton collision = 1017eV in the lab. frame
Charged particlesCharged particles (+)(+)
Neutral particlesNeutral particlesBeam pipeBeam pipe
ProtonsProtons
Charged particlesCharged particles (-)(-)
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LHCf Detectors
Arm#1 Detector20mmx20mm+40mmx40mm4 XY SciFi+MAPMT
Arm#2 Detector25mmx25mm+32mmx32mm4 XY Silicon strip detectors
* Imaging sampling shower calorimeters* Two independent calorimeters in each detector (Tangsten 44r.l., 1.7λ, sample with plastic scintillators)
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Expected Results at 14 TeV Collisions(assuming 0.1nb-1 statistics)
Detector response not considered
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Summary of Operations in 2009 and 2010With Stable Beam at 900 GeV Total of 42 hours for physics About105 showers events in Arm1+Arm2
With Stable Beam at 7 TeVTotal of 150 hours for physics with different setups
Different vertical position to increase the accessible kinematical rangeRuns with or without beam crossing angle
4·108 shower events in Arm1+Arm2106 0 events in Arm1+Arm2
StatusCompleted program for 900 GeV and 7 TeV
Removed detectors from tunnel in July 2010Post-calibration beam test in October 2010
Upgrade to more rad-hard detectors to operate at 14TeV in 2013
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TeV Gamma not from Crab but Underground!
Event sample measured by Arm2 at 30 March 2010
!
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Particle Identification
L90% @ 40mm cal. of Arm1
MC (QGSJET2)Data
Preliminary
Thick for E.M. interaction (44X0) Thin for hadronic interaction(1.7)
A transition curve for Gamma-ray A transition curve for Hadron
Definition of L90%
Criteria for gamma-rays16 r.l. + 0.002 x dE
Gamma-ray like
• L90%; longitudinal position containing 90% of the sum of the shower particles.
• PID bias, Neural Net are in investigation
Hadron like
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Energy Spectra at 900GeV
preliminary preliminary
preliminarypreliminaryGamma-ray likeGamma-ray like
Gamma-ray likeGamma-ray like Hadron likeHadron like
Hadron likeHadron likeArm1Arm1
Arm2Arm2
Acceptance is different in two armsNormalized by number events Response for hadrons and systematic error are under study.
Hadron response under study
Only statistical errors are shown
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Measured Spectra at 7TeV
preliminary preliminary
Gamma-ray likeGamma-ray likeHadron likeHadron like
Arm2Arm2
preliminarypreliminaryGamma-ray likeGamma-ray like Hadron likeHadron likeArm1Arm1
Very high statistics !! only 2% of all data Comparisons with MC will be available soonCareful study of systematic error is ongoing
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Neutral Pions
ΔM/M=2.3%
Energy spectrum (Arm2)
preliminary
preliminary
An example of event (Arm2)
• Pi0’s are a main source of electromagnetic secondaries in high energy collisions.
• The mass peak is very useful to confirm the detector performances and to estimate the systematic error of energy scale.
25mm 32mm
Silicon strip-X view
M/M=2.3%
Reconstructed mass (Arm2)
preliminary
m 140=
R
I.P.1
1(E1)
2(E2)
140mR
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14TeV in 2013; Not only highest energy, but energy dependence…
7 TeV10 TeV14 TeV (1017eV@lab.)
SIBYLL
7 TeV10 TeV14 TeV
QGSJET2
Secondary gamma-ray spectra in p-p collisions at different collision energies (normalized to the maximum energy)
SIBYLL predicts perfect scaling while QGSJET2 predicts softening at higher energy
Qualitatively consistent with Xmax prediction
Note: detector aperture
taken into account (biased)
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Summary• LHCf has successfully completed operation at
900GeV and 7TeV collisions at LHC• Unprecedented quality of data allows to test
existing hadron interaction models and helps to construct new models
• Operation at 14TeV collisions in 2013 will set more strict limits on the hadron interaction models to extrapolate into higher energy
Analysis of the first result will be finalized soon
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Announcement of UHECR symposium in Nagoya, Japan
• 10-12 December• Visit http://uhecr2010.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ for detail• 15-Oct ; abstract deadline
– Mainly invited talks and contribution posters – Some contributions may be selected for oral presentation
• 12-Nov; registration deadline• Contents
– Highlights from PAO, HiRes, TA and future plan– Accelerator results; AirFly, TA ELS, LHCf– Acceleration, Propagation, Multi messenger astrophysics– Panel discussions on technique, UHECR origin, interaction
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AGASA SystematicsTotal ±18%Hadr Model ~10% (Takeda et al., 2003)
AGASA SystematicsTotal ±18%Hadr Model ~10% (Takeda et al., 2003)
Open Issues on HECR spectrum
M NaganoNew Journal of Physics 11 (2009) 065012
Depth of the max of the shower Xmax in the atmosphere
AUGERHiRes
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neutral beam axis
η
∞
8.7
Shadow of beam pipesbetween IP and TAN
IP1,ATLAS Arm1Arm2
Transverse projection of Arm#1
∞
8.4
@ zero crossing angle
@ rad crossing angle
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Pseudo-rapidity Coverage
Energy spectra and Transverse momentum distribution of
Multiplicity@14TeV Energy Flux @14TeV
Low multiplicity !! High energy flux !!
simulated by DPMJET3
• Gamma-rays (E>100GeV,dE/E<5%)• Neutral Hadrons (E>a few 100 GeV, dE/E~30%)• Neutral Pions (E>700GeV, dE/E<3%)
at psudo-rapidity range >8.4
ATLAS
LHCf
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Eγ – PTγ Correlation plot
Detectable events
140 Beam crossing angle
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search0 Candidate
Candidate
• ratio vary a lot among different interaction models. A good handle to probe the hadron interaction models• Another calibration point for more robust energy scale
preliminary
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Beam test at SPS Energy Resolution for electrons with 20mm cal.
Position Resolution (Scifi)
Position Resolution (Silicon)
Detector
p,e-,mu
σ=172μmfor 200GeVelectrons σ=40μm
for 200GeVelectrons
- Electrons 50GeV/c – 200GeV/c- Muons 150GeV/c- Protons 150GeV/c, 350GeV/c
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Accumulated Events in 2010108 events! LHCf removal