ANNEXURE safty

ANNEXURE - I THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 ( AMENDED 1987 ), 1948

THE THIRD SCHEDULE (See section 89 and 90) List of notifiable diseases

1. Lead poisoning including poisoning by any preparation or compound of lead or their sequelae.

2. Lead tetra-ethyl poisoning.3. Phosphorous poisoning or its sequelae.4. Mercury poisoning or its sequelae.5. Manganese poisoning or its sequelae.6. Arsenic poisoning or its sequelae.7. Poisoning by nitrous fumes.8. Carbon bisulphide poisoning.9. Benzene poisoning, including poisoning by any of its homologues, their nitro

or amido derivatives or its sequelae.10. Chrome ulceration or its sequelae.11. Anthrax.12. Silicosis.13. Poisoning by halogens or halogen derivatives of the hydrocarbons, of the

aliphatic series.14. Pathological manifestation due to : - (a) radium or other radioactive substances. (b) X-rays. 15. Primary epitheliomatous cancer of the skin.16. Toxic anaemia.17. Toxic jaundice due to poisonous substances. 18. Oil acne or dermatitis due to mineral oils and compounds containing mineral

oil base.19. Byssionosis.20. Asbestosis.21. Occupational or contact dermatitis caused by direct contract

with chemical and paints. These are of types, that is, primary irritants and allergic sensitizers.

22. Noise induced hearing loss (exposure to high noise levels).23. Beryllium poisoning.24. Carbon monoxide.25. Coal miners' pneumoconiosis.26. Phosgene poisoning.27. Occupational cancer.28. Isocyanides poisoning.29. Toxic nephritis.

EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE ACT, 1948

THE THIRD SCHEDULE LIST OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

PART A

Sl.No.

Occupational disease

Employment

1. Infectious and parastic diseases contracted in an occupation where there is a particular risk of contamination.

a) All work involving exposure to health or laboratory work;

b) All work involving exposure to veterinary work;

c) Work relating to handling animals, animals carcasses, part of such carcasses, or merchandise which may have been contaminated by animals or animal carcasses;

d) Other work carrying a particular risk of contamination.

2. Diseases caused by work in compressed air.

All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.

3. Diseases caused by lead or its toxic compounds.

All work involving exposure to the risk concerned

4. Poisoning by nitrous fumes.


5. Poisoning by organphosphorus compound


PART B

Sl.No.

Occupational disease

Employment

1. Diseases caused by phosphorus or toxic compounds.


2. Diseases caused by mercury or its toxic compounds.


3. Diseases caused by benzene or its toxic homologues.


4. Diseases caused by nitro and amino derivatives of benzene or its homologues.


5. Diseases caused by chromium or its toxic compounds.


6. Diseases caused by arsenic or its toxic compounds.


7. Diseases caused by radioactive substances and ionising radiations.

All work involving exposure to the reaction of radioactive substances or ionising radiations.

8. Primary epithelomatous cancer of the skin caused by tar, pitch bitumen, mineral oil, anthracene or the compounds, products or residues of these substances


9. Diseases caused toxic halogen derivatives by hydrocarbons (of the aliphatic and aromatic series).


10. Diseases caused by carbon disulphide.


11. Occupational cataract due to infra-red radiations.


12. Diseases caused by manganese or its toxic compounds.


13. Skin diseases caused by physical, chemical or biological agents not include in other items.


14. Hearing impairment caused by noise.


15. Poisoning by dinitrophenol or a homologue or by substituted dinitrophenol or by the salts of such substances.


16. Diseases caused by beryllium or its toxic compounds.


17. Diseases caused by cadmium or its toxic compounds.


18. Occupational asthma caused by recognised sensitising agents inherent to the work process.


19. Diseases caused by fluorine or its toxic compounds.


20. Diseases caused by nitroglycerine or other nitroacid esters.


21. Diseases caused by alcohols and ketones.


22. Diseases caused by asphyxiants; carbon monoxide, and its toxic derivatives, hydrogen sulphide.


23. Lung cancer and mesotheliomas caused by asbestos.


24. Primary neoplasm of the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder or the kidneys or the ureter.


PART C

Sl.No. Occupational disease

Employment

1. Pneumoconiosis caused by sclerogenic mineral dust (silicosis, anthraoosilicosis asbestosis) and silico-tuberculosis provided that silicosis is an essential factor in causing the resultant incapacity or death.


2. Bagassosis All work involving exposure to the risk concerned

3. Bronchopulmonary diseases caused by cotton, flax hemp and sisal dust (Byssinosis)


4. Extrinsic allergic alvoelities caused by the inhalation of organic dusts.


5. Bronchopulmonary diseases caused by hard metals.


INTRODUCTION

In the present era of globalization and opening up of the Indian economy, there is a flow of new technology, products and resources to India. This influx with the modem technology is also bringing with it associated problems. The problems are more complex when the issue of management of safety, health and environment is concerned. This necessitates designing of newer policies and programmes. For the management of occupational safety and health through various instruments, such as, policies and programmes, it becomes essential to base these instruments on sound footing. This requires an assessment of the present status of occupational safety and health in the country. Presently information in this area is not up-to-date and readily available for the policy makers. A national inventory on capabilities and management of occupational safety and health will be of great help for designing and implementing various instruments to protect the safety and health of the large work force working in various sectors of the economy. India is a large country and building up such an inventory would be a monumental task and therefore needs to be done in a phased manner keeping in mind the various constraints.

India is a member of the International Labour Organisation and has ratified a number of ILO conventions. As a result, major part of the ILO Code of Practice on Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases is being followed along with the Indian Standard IS-3786, which is on the similar lines of the ILO Code of Practice. However, there is a delay at the unit level as well as at the district level on the part of the industrial organizations and enforcing agencies in collection, processing and dissemination of the information As such a pilot project was taken up for the state of Kerala with the objective to collect and compile various information on occupational safety and health and dissemination of information regarding extent of compliance with the important provisions under the Factories Act, 1948 and the rules framed there under including system of recording and notification of occupational accidents and diseases as per the ILO Code of Practice at the unit and the state level. Maharashtra is one of the state of the project. This is the most industrially advanced state. This project work has been conducted by the Safety Division of Central Labour Institute, Mumbai under the guidance of the Director General, DGFASLI and the assistance £Tom the Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health, Maharashtra. The activities of the project have been divided in the following categories: i) Background information about the State of Maharashtra : Deals with the

demographic and geographic characteristics of the State of Maharashtra, population in different districts and major occupations of the people.

ii) Economic Activities: Deals with the various aspects of economic sectors in

the state, their value of production, employment generated and contribution to the GDP.

iii) Activities in manufacturing sector: Deals with the different activities carried

out in the manufacturing sector as per the National Industrial Code, value of production, employment generation, etc.

iv) Occupational injuries and diseases: Deals with the analysis of the

occupational injuries - fatal and non-fatal and cases of occupational diseases in the manufacturing sector.

v) Management of occupational Safety and Health: Deals with the infrastructure and resources available in the unit level and at the state level for managing the crucial issue of occupational safety and health.

vi) Resources available and needed for the management of occupational safety and health: Based on the analysis of occupational injuries and diseases and the capabilities available in the state of Maharashtra for the management of occupational safety and health, an attempt is made to assess

the resources required for the better management of occupational safety and health.

For the data collection, the task force made field visit of the state capital Mumbai and the industrial area around it during January 2004 to September, 2004. The information pertaining to various economic sectors was collected by visiting each of the departments, having detailed discussions with the respective heads and referring to the annual returns available for the year 2001 of these departments. The information related with the manufacturing sectors were collected from the annual returns submitted by the factories covered under the Factories Act, 1948. The data related to the occupational injuries and diseases were analyzed by studying the accident forms and recording them on to the data sheets specifically designed for this purpose. The industry-wise, cause-wise details of accidents were obtained by developing suitable software for the purpose. The annual returns from the factories were also analyzed using suitable software. For the assessment of infrastructure available and capabilities of the organizations institutions and agencies engaged in safety and health, the profile programme on the similar lines as that developed by ILO was used

Data collection and analysis was completed in specific time frame because of

active co-operation from various people involved with the project.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. INTRODUCTION

Under the Bombay Re-organization Act, 1960, Maharashtra came into existence on May 1, 1960 with the predominant Marathi speaking areas of Hyderabad (Marathawada) and Madhya Pradesh (Vidarbha) constituting the new State.The state is surrounded by the Arabian sea in the west, by Gujarat in the north east, Madhya Pradesh in the north, Andhra Pradesh in the south-east, and Karnataka and Goa in the south.

2. DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT

The total population of Maharashtra is 9.67 crores (as per Census 2001), out of which 5.03 crores are males and 4.64 crores are females. The sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males) is 922. Maharashtra is the second highest literate major state in India having a literacy rate of 77.3%.

2.2.1 Towns and Villages:The State of Maharashtra has a total number of 43722 villages, which includes all the districts in the state. The total number of towns is 378 in the state. It is shown in the table below:

TABLE – 1

1 Revenue Divisions 06

2 Districts 35

3 Tahsils 353

4 Inhabited villages 43722

5 Towns 378

Source Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2001-02

Reference Period : 2001

2.2.2 Area and Population

The total area of the state is about 308000 sq. km. and has a population of about 96812000, as per the 2001 census. The density of population is 315 per sq. km. with male population of 50334000 and female 46478000. The rural population is 55778000, which is more than the urban population of 41101000 (which is 36.87% of the total population). Number of main workers was found to be 3 1006000. The Birth Rate (per thousand) was 20.7, Death Rate 7.5 (per thousand) and Infant Mortality Rate was 45.00 in the year 200] (per thousand of live birth) as revealed in the table below:

TABLE-2

1 Area (in lakh Sq. Km) 3.08

2 Population (in crores) 9.68

3 Density (per Sq. Km) 314

4 Male Population (in crores) 5.03

5 Female Population (in crores) 4.64

6 Rural Population (in crores) 5.57

7 Urban Population (in crores) 4.11

8 No. of main workers (thousand) 31006

9 Birth Rate (Per thousand) 20.70

10 Death Rate (Per thousand) 7.50

11Infant Mort. Rate (Per thousand live birth)

45.00

Source : Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2003-04

Reference Period : 2001

2.2.3 Agriculture

The State has a total reporting area of 307583 hundred hectares. The area under forest was 52176 hundred hectares. The net area for cultivation comes to 176310 hundred hectares. It is shown in Table-3.TABLE- 3

Area in Hundred Hectares

1 Total Reporting Area 307583

2 Area Under Forest 52176

3 Land not available for cultivation 17222

4 Permanent pastures and other grazing land 13410

5Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves not included in the net area sowed

2454

6 Net area sown 176310

7 Area sown more than once 47621

8 Gross cropped area 224047

9 Gross Area irrigated (thousand hectares) 3647

10

% of Gross irrigated to gross cropped area 16.4

Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2003-04 Commissioner of Agriculture, Maharashtra State

Reference Period : 2001-02

2.24 Manufacturing Industries

28324 Factories were registered under the Factories Act, 1948 as on 31 December, 2001 with 1201000 workers employed. The total number of Small Scale Units in the year 2001 was 138000.

TABLE- 4

1 No. of Factories Registered under Factories Act 28324

2 Estimated average No. of daily workers employed in regd. Factories

1201000

3 NO.of S.S.Ind.Regd. with Ind. Deptt. 13 8000

Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2001-02

Reference Period 2001

2.2.5 Power Generation

Electricity is one of the crucial inputs in the process of economic development. The performance of all important sectors in the economy, ranging from agriculture to commerce and industry, depends vitally on the availability, cost and quality of power. Since Maharashtra is highly industrialized and urbanized state in the country, the demand for electricity in the state is very high.

In Maharashtra, power is supplied by various agencies. Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) plays the most significant role in the generation and distribution of power in the state. Apart from MSE, licensees like, Tata Electric and Bombay Suburban Electric Supply (BSES) Companies have been

permitted to generate and distribute electricity in certain areas. Besides, the state also receives power from Central Government Power Projects as its share.

The installed capacity of electricity generation in 2001-02 was 12963 MW.

TABLE - 5A Installed Capacity of Electricity Generation

Type of Generation (MW)

A In the State

I Thennal 8075

11 Hydro 2875

III Natural gas 1820

IV Nuclear (State's share) 190

12963

B State's share in NTPC/NPC 2185

Total (A + B) 15148

Source :Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03

Reference Period: As on 31-3-2002

TABLE - 5 – B

Generation of Electricity

Million (KWH)

Type 2000-01 2001-02

1 Thermal 49377 52647

2 Hydro 4889 4979

3 Natural Gas 6943 5235

4 Nuclear 1097 1138

5 Others ll 139

Total 62,317 64,138


TABLE-5- C

Consumption of Electricity

Type 2000-01 2001-02 % Change

1 Domestic 11172 11901 6.53

2 Commercial 4105 4393 6.99

3Industrial 18363 17435 (-)5.05

4 Agriculture 9940 8730 (-)12.17

5 Public Lighting 551 648 17.54

6 Railways 1581 1640 3.73

7 Public Water Works 1199 1224 2.11

8 Miscellaneous 378 367 (-)2.94

Total 47,289 46,338 (-)2.01


Reference Period: 2001

MSEB received total revenue (excluding subsidy) of Rs.12702 crore during 2001 02 and the total expenditure during this period was Rs.13241 crore.

2.2.6 Literacy and Education

The literacy rate. in the state was 77.3 % which stands as second major literate state in the country. The males were 86.3% and females 67.5% in the total literacy rate.

TABLE - 6A


Reference Period :2001

Education plays an important role in the economic development of the national as well as the state.

Below mentioned Table 6-B reflects the increasing number of students and teachers in different levels of education

TABLE - 6B

Number of Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools and

Enrolment in Maharashtra

Area

Census 2001

Persons Males Females

Total 77.3 86.3 67.5

Rural 70.8 82.2 59.1

Urban 85.8 91.4 79.3

(Teachers and Enrolment in thousand)

Type of Educational InstitutionsNumber (2001-02)

1 Primary

1 Schools 66369

2 Enrolment 12065 I

3 Teachers 314

2 Secondary

1 Schools 15070

2 Enrolment 8145

3 Teachers 226

3 Higher Secondary (Std. XI & XII)

1 Schools I Jr. Colleges 3981

2 Enrolment 1485

3 Teachers 32


Reference Period: 2001

TABLE - 6C

Number of Technical Colleges/Institutions in the State andtheir In Capacity for the year 2001-02


2.2.7 Public Health

The emphasis of the Public Health Sector is on the consolidation of infra-structural facilities such as sub-centers, primary health centers and community health care centers, so as to reach health are services to all corners of the

Institution Capacity

Engineering

Diploma 184 33270

Graduate 140 41000

Post Graduate 32 2076

Architecture

Graduate 31 1277

Post Graduate 2 32

Management Science 84 5960

Hotel Management & Catering Technology 8 420

Pharmaceutical Science

Diploma 68 3920

Graduate 51 2500

Post Graduate 9 148

Industrial Training Institutes 613 92384

state. The problem of malaria, gastro enteritis and other water born diseases are prevalent during monsoon season. To control these and other diseases various health care programmes are being implemented. By the end of the year 2001, there were Public and Government aided 1102 Hospitals, 1544 dispensaries, 1768 primary health care centers and 9725 sub-centers in the state implementing these programmes which has reduced death rates and infant mortality rate considerably since the year 1999.

2.2.8 Transport and Communication

The transport sector covers roads, road transport, motor vehicles, railways, ports, civil aviation and the communication. Communication sector covers port and telecommunication.

The total road length in the state by the end of March, 2002 was 2.66 lakh km. This total length is maintained by various agencies, viz. Public Works Department (PWD), Zilla Parishad (ZP), Municipal Corporation (BMC), etc. The total length maintained in the year 2001 was 2.23 lakh km. The number of motor vehicles on road as on 31st March, 2002 was 74.13 lakh and the number of motor vehicles perlakh population is 7506.

TABLE – 8

Motor Vehicles in Maharashtra and India as on 31-3-2000

Item Maharashtra

India

1 No.of Motor vehicles on road (in lakh)

61.14 483.93

2 No.of vehicles as per lakh population

6429 4790


Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC)

The total traffic receipt by MSRTC during the year 2001-02 were Rs.2589 crore registering an increase of 4.38% over the previous year. During the year 2001-02 the revenue receipt of the

state from taxation on motor vehicles has increased by 13.97% to Rs.995 crore from Rs.873 crores in the previous year.

2.2.8.1 Ports

The state has 720 Km. of coastal line. Along this coast line, there are two major ports, namely, Mumbai and Nhawa-Sheva (JNPT) and 48 notified minor ports. The Mumbai Port Trust handling passenger as well as cargo traffic at Mumbai Port. The Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) is handling cargo traffic at Nhawa Sheva Port. In order to develop multi-user port facilities capable of handling all types of cargo like bulk and break bulk, petroleum and chemical containers, the state Government decided to develop the ports, viz. Anganvel, Jaygod Ganesh Gule, etc. through Maharashtra Maritime Board (established in 1996). Out of above 7 ports, state Government has decided to develop Rewas-Aware and Dighi ports in the first phase.

The Mumbai Port Trust has handled 247 lakh tones of cargo comprising of 81.3 lakh tones of coastal and 165.6 lakh tones of overseas cargo during 2001-02. Out of total cargo handled in 2001-02, 158.0 lakh tones related to imports and 88.8 lakh tones related to exports. During 2001.02 the passenger traffic at Mumbai Port was 8.3 thousands of which 0.3 thousand were coastal and 8 thousand were overseas passengers. JNPT handled 225 lakh tones of cargo during 2001-02. The 48 minor ports together handled 131.91 lakh passenger traffic during 2001.02, of which 112.47 lakh was by mechanized vessels and 19.44 lakh tones was by non -mechanized vessels. The cargo handled by 48 minor ports during 2001-02 was 49.77 lakh tones out of which 44.82 lakh pertained to imports and 4.95 lakh tones pertained to exports.

There were 40 reportable accidents occurred in 2001 out of which 5 were fatal cases at Mumbai Port.

2.2.8.2Communication

At the end of March, 2002, the number of Post Offices in the rural areas of the state was 11,355 and in the urban areas, it was 1478. BSNL and MTNL have provided 60.741akh telephone connections in the state by March, 2002. Out of the above figure, 17.6% were in rural areas and 82.4% in urban areas. Out of 60.74 lakh, 40% were in Mumbai alone and are managed by MTNL

2.3 ECONOMIC SCENARIO 2.3.1 Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP)

The preliminary estimate of GSDP of Maharashtra in 2001-02 at constant prices (1993-94) was Rs.1.66,516 crore against Rs.l,55,895 crore in 2000-01. It has reflected an impressive growth of 6.8% over that of 2000-01. At current prices, GSDP in 2001-02 is estimated at Rs.2,71,406 crores as against Rs.2,38,875 crore in 2000-01, showing an increase of 13.6% during the year.

TABLE - 9

Sectoral Growth Rates of GSDP for Maharashtra at Constant

(1993-94) prices

Sector

Percentage Change over previous year

2000-01 2001-02

Primary Sector(- )5.6 3.0

1 Agriculture (-)6.8 3.3

2 Forestry and logging 6.2 (- )4.9

3 Fishing (-)6.2 9.2

4 Mining and Quarrying 6.7 2.4

Secondary Sector(-)11.2 4.0

1Manufacturing (a) Registered

(b) Un-registered

(-)14.5

17.1

3.1

3.0

2 Construction 8.6 11.1

3 Electricity, Gas & Water Supply (- )2.0 (-)1.1

Tertiary Sector2.3 9.6

1 Railways 4.3 5.9

2 Transport and storage 5.1 4.7

3 Communications 10.9 12.5

4 Trade Hotels and Restaurants 2.6 8.8

5 Banking and insurance (- )2.1 6.8

6Real state, Ownership of dwelling and business services

4.6 4.4

7 Public Administration ( - )0.9 4.2

8 Other services 5.9 27.1

Total(-)3.4 6.8

Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03 Reference Period: 2001

The preliminary estimate of Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Maharashtra at Constant (1993-94) prices for 2001-02 was Rs.147359 crore, showing an increase of 7.0% over that of Rs.137690 crore in 2000-01. The state income at current price for 2001-02 was Rs.241877 crore which was more than 13.5% than that of Rs.213040 crore for 2000-01. During 2001-02, income from primary, secondary and tertiary sectors increased by Rs.1922 crore, RS.7707 crore and Rs.19208 crore, respectively. This in turn resulted in an increase of Rs.2993 crore in state income.

The per capita state income (per capita NSDP) at constant (1993-94) prices is estimated at Rs.15070 crore for 2001-02 as against Rs.14335 crore for 2000-01, registering a growth of 5.1% during the year. The per capita state income at current prices is estimated at Rs. 24736 crore in 2001.02 against Rs.22179 crore for the previous year, showing an increase of 11.5% during the year.

The sectoral composition of the state income has undergone considerable changes during 1960-61 to 2001-02. During this period the share of primary sector has declined from 34.4% to 16%. The share of tertiary sector has increased from 39.9% to 58.3%.

2.3.2 AGRICULTURE

Contribution to State Income: Agriculture and allied activities are important in state economy as about 65% of the population in the state is dependent on agriculture for livelihood.

Area Under Cultivation : The geographical area of the state is 3.08 lakh sq. lan. out of which the net area under cultivation is about 1.79 lakh sq. km., i.e. 57.5%. This

proportion in the national level is less at 43.4%. However, the proportion of gross irrigated area to gross cropped area at national level is 35.7% when the same ratio at Maharashtra is 16.4%. Thus 83.6% of the agricultural area is directly dependent upon rail water. The net area sown was 1 7.619 thousand hectares in 2001. The gross cropped area was 22381 thousand hectares. Gross irrigated area was 3667 thousand hectares.

Major Crops:Table-10

Agricultural Area and Areas for Major Crops in 2001- 02

Agriculture

Area

(thousand hectares)

Year 2001-02

17619 Production

Thousand

Tonnes

Gross Cropped Area 22381

Gross Irrigated Area 3667

Rice 1514 2651

Wheat 776 1077

Jowar 5137 3910

Bajri 1399 831

All Cereals 9411 9305

All Pulses 3388 1880

All food grains 12798 11185

Sugarcane area Sugarcane harvested area

664 45140

578

Cotton 3105 457

Ground Nut 429 492

ource: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03

Reference Period :2001

Table - II

Area and Production of Some Main Horticulture Crops in the State

Name of the Fruit Crop 2001-02 Area in 00 Hectares

Production in '00' Tonnes

Banana721

43313

Orange1542

8331

Grapes 324

9370

Mango4095

5590

Cashew Nut1533

1252

Source : Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2002-03

Period :2001

State Income: Conventional food grain crop yield only Rs.4 thousand to RS.12 thousand per hectare. As against this the yield values per hectare for some main fruit crops based on data of 2001-02 were as follows:

Grapes Rs.2.59 Iakh

Sweet orange Rs.3.63 Iakh

Banana Rs.l.20 lakh

Mango Rs.1.19 lakh

2.3.3 FORESTS

The area under forest in the state at the end of 2001-02 was 62.9 thousand sq. km. which accounted for 20.1 % of the geographical area of the state. Of this, 55.9 thousand sq. km. area was managed by Forest Department, 2.4 thousand sq. km. by Revenue Department and 3.3 thousand sq. km. by Forest Development Corporation of Maharashtra (FDCM). As per the seventh assessment of forest cover 4sm (1999), 57% of the total forest area was under

dense forest, 42.8% (classified as open forest) was comparatively less dense cover due to degradation and 0.2% as mangrove.

Forest Produce: The expected production of timber in 2001-02 is about 1.21 lakh cubic meters valued at Rs.67 crore as compared to 1.67 lakh cubic meters in 2000-01 valued at Rs.84.7 crore. The expected production of fire - wood in 2001 02 is 4. 17 cubic meters, valued at Rs. 13.3 crore as compared to 2.48 lakh cubic meters produced in 2000-01 valued at Rs.13. 7 crore. The estimated value of minor forest produce in 2001-02 is Rs.66.8 crore in which tendu leaves and bamboo accounts for Rs.38.8 crore and 26.4 crore, respectively.

2.3.4 FISHERIES

Maharashtra has a coastal line of about 720 km, rivers of about 3.2 thousand km. and canals of about 12.8 thousand Ian. length. The area suitable for exploitation of marine fish is 1.12 lakh sq. km., for inland fisheries it is 3.20 thousand sq. km. (i.e. 3.20 lakh hectares (Government land 10 thousand hectares and private land 8.6 thousand hectares). The potentials offish catch has been estimated at 6.3 lakh tones from marine area per year.

The number of boats used in the state for marine fishing was 21,539 in 2001-02 as compared to 20,240 in 2000-01. The estimated marine fish catch was 4.14 lakh tones in 2001-02. Out of this 2.82 lakh tones were used in fresh form, 0.07 lakh tones was sent for salting and 1.25 lakh tones for sun drying. In 2001-02 fish to the tune of 97 thousand tones, valued at Rs.785 crore was exported. In marine area, construction of 6 jetties is in progress.

The approximate gross value of the marine and inland fish catch taken together in the state as per current price during 2001-02 was Rs. 1266 crore.

2.3.5 MINERALS

The potential mineral bearing area in the state is about 58 thousand sq. km. (i.e. about 19% of total geographical area of the state) which is mainly concentrated in the districts of Bhandara, Chandrapur, Sindhudurg, Thane, Kolhapur, Nagpur, etc. The major minerals found in the state according to their production are coal, limestone, bauxite, manganese ore, silica sand and laterite. The details are given in the following table-l 2.

Sr.No. Major Minerals Production in lakh tonnes

% Increase or Decrease over the previous year

2000-01

1 Coal 308.30 (+)7.2

2 Laterite 1.17 41.0

3 Manganese Ore 3.88 6.9

4 Bauxite 10.78 5.0

5 Silica Sand 1.25 (-)25.6

6 Lime Stone 62.49 3.0

2.3.6 MANUFACTURING SECTOR

Maharashtra has succeeded in achieving high levels of industrialization and the state has been identified as the country's industrial power=house. With less than 10% of population of the country, the state accounts for nearly 20% of the gross value added by India's industrial sector. The manufacturing sector is the major constituent in the industrial sector. The share of this sector in the state domestic product is about 20% which is the second highest after agriculture as per ASI 2001-02

The Index number of Industrial Production (IIP) that covers mining, manufacturing and electricity sector is a means of industrial growth in the country. IIP for the 2001-02 was 180.5 as compared to the base year (1993-94) of 79%. As per ASI (Annual Survey of Industries) 2001-02 results, the per capita net value added in the state (Rs.3005) was 2.2 times that of All India Per Capita Net Value Added (Rs.1.379). The net value added by all industries covered under ASI in the state during 2001-02 was Its. 29,901 crore which was lower than 2.1 % than that of the year 2000-01.

TABLE - 13

Some Economic Indicators Relating to Industries


2.3.7 TOURISM SECTOR

2.3.7.1 Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) functions in tourism sector is the third largest economic sector in the Maharashtra State. The main function of the sector are infrastructure development pertaining to tourism, promotion of tourism by way of advertising in tourism related magazines, through T. V. channels, Website, participating in national and international programs and presentations and events.

As its name suggests, Maharashtra-the Great Land, has a great diversity of riches to offer the tourists. Whether it is Kolhapuri Chappals or the Paithani silk sari bordered with opulent zari or its coastal gourmetics, handicrafts, culture and cuisine have won aficionados from allover the world. To those who come to India, often it is BOMBAY (Mumbai), the "New York of the East" and the "Gate way of India" that offers a cosmopolitan bhelpuri of elements.

Indicator 2000-01

2001-02

1Labour Productivity Ratio

Maharashtra 5.24 5.39

India 4.93 4.95

2 Output per worker (Rs. 10 lakh)

Maharashtra 22.02 25.16

India 15.13 16.15

3 Annual wages per worker (in Rs.)

Maharashtra 68758 67360

India 47835 48691

Mumbai prepares you for the esoteric pleasures of Maharashtra - long stretches of coastal line and treks in rugged fort.

2.3.7.2 Contribution to State Income: The foreign exchange coming from tourism sector was around Rs. 1037.27 crore for the year 2000-01.

2.3.7.3 Employment: Tourism is highly labour intensive as compared to any other industry in the state. !n the state of Maharashtra around 5% people of total population are employed in tourism sector. The total number of employees in MTDC are, however, 476 as per official records.

2.3.7.4 Area Covered: The whole state of Maharashtra

2.3.7.5 Accident Occurred: Only a few drowning cases of tourists while bathing in the sea and some deaths due to road accidents happened during the year 2001.

2.3.8 ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR

2.3.8.1 In the state of Maharashtra, the Directorate of Transport is the regulatory authority for Road Transport in accordance with the provisions of Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 and Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989. Maharashtra has a network of roads having a total length of 13.44 lakh kilometer as on 31st March, 2002. The roads are maintained by various agencies like PWD, Panchayats, Municipalities, Forest Department. However, the major function in road sector is done by Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC).

Table-14 reveals the functions of MSRTC including the tariff of Rs 2589.31 crores which goes toward state income.

TABLE – 14

Operational Statistics of Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation

Item Unit

Year Percentage

change over 2000-01

2000-01 2001-02

1Routes operated at the end of the year

Number 19679 19I20 (-)1.27

2Route length at the end of the year

Lakh km 13.57 13.44 (-)0.96

3Average effective kms operated per day

Lakh 49.16 48.84 (-)0.65

4Average number of passengers carried per day

Lakh 65.11 62.17 (-)4.52

5Average number of buses owned by the Corporation

Number 16916 ]6794 (-)0.72

6Average no. of buses on road per day

Number 15990 15805 (-)0.72 I

7 Average fleet utilization Per cent 94.11 94.11 --

8Average seat capacity utilization of buses on road

Per cent 59.75 60.05 0.30

9Total traffic receipts during the year

Crore Rs 2,480.61 2,589.31 4.38

2.3.8.2 Employment: Besides the staff employed for administration work in the department and its sub-offices, executive staff also are involved in maintaining discipline on road by checking traffic violation, etc. and evasion of motor vehicle taxes by enforcing various provisions of the M.V. Act, 1988, Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989. Due to liberalization of grant of various types of permits, lot of staff employment has been generated as the unemployed have been encouraged to buy vehicles to ply as public service vehicles which are being driven by owners themselves.

2.3.8.3 Area Covered: Mostly the urban area of the state is covered. All the cities, townships and Municipal Corporations are covered by D. of T.

2.3.8.4 Contribution to State Income: The revenue collected by MSRTC was Rs.2589.31 crores. In addition to this the Toll Tax collected by BMC authorities for plying the vehicles through flyovers/bridges was to the tune of few thousand cores of rupees for the for the same year.

2.3.8.5 Accident Occurred: The number of accident occurred on road in the state of Maharashtra in 2001 is given in Table - 15.

Table – 15

Fatal Non-Fatal Total

10422 35887 46309

Source: National Crime Bureau

The above figure is the highest in comparison to Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.

MANUFACTURING SECTOR

3.1 MAJOR INDUSTRIES

In the State of Maharashtra there were 28,324 working factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948 in the year 2001. The total employment was 1201000. The above figure is inclusive of large and medium industries as on 31-12-2001. Important characteristics of Industries in Maharashtra for the year 2001-02 are given in table

(Rs. In crore)

Industry Group YearFixed

Capital

Working

Capital

Wages to

Workers

Output

Value

Food products, beverages and tobacco products

2000-01 7129 2441 810 31445

2001-02 7019 1703 821 29067

Textiles, wearing apparels, etc.

2000-01 7350 (-)527 900 15137

2001-02 6386 (-)328 729 12011

Leather and leather products

2000-01 37 61 9 150

2001-02 17 35 6 143

Wood and wood products

2000-01 254 5] 16 289

2001-02 107 48 14 272

Paper and paper products,

publishing, printing, etc.

2000-01 3528 1040 297 6249

2001-02 3387 1106 208 5860

Refined petroleum, rubber,

plastic products

2000-01 7280 2102 376 29450

2001-02 6610 1527 354 27069

Chemicals and chemical

products

2000-01 12858 4564 924 32876

2001-02 14043 4740 899 32519

Non-metallic mineral products

2000-01 2744 738 142 3348

2001-02 2890 594 146 3285

Basic metals, recycling

2000-01 7836 (-)802 279 10761

2001-02 8792 (-)1313 278 11307

Fabricated metal products

2000-01 1885 1057 256 5321

2001-02 2356 79 249 5184

Machinery and equipment

2000-01 7827 4719 964 26500

2001-02 6476 3322 894 21624

Medical, precision and optical instruments, etc.

2000-01 206 170 43 836

2001-02 433 338 42 1180

Motor vehicles, trailers and

other transport equipment

2000-01 7848 1091 655 13720

2001-02 7049 1031 638 15266

Furniture

2000-01 681 1558 214 6132

2001-02 2563 3266 218 13163

Others

2000-01 598 63 36 4581

2001-02 775 288 52 4495

TOTAL2000-01

2001-02

68063

68903

18327

16437

5832

5548

186795

182533

Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2003-04

Percentage Distribution of Factories by size class of employment in selected industry groups in Maharashtra 2001-02 is given in the table.

TABLE - 1

Size class of employment

Food, bewerage & tobacco products

Textiles & wearing apparels, etc.

Paper & paper products, publishing, printing, etc

Chemicals & chemical products

Refined petroleum, rubber, plastic products

Basic metal, recycling

Fabricated metal products

Machinery & equipments

Below 20 52.5 48.7 53.6 44.9 65.0 47.4 74.6

20-49 22.9 24.1 31.9 26.2 19.0 35.0 15.3

50-99 7.6 13.1 6.9 14.1 9.6 7.7 5.4

100-199 6.0 6.6 5.2 8.3 2.6 5.2 2.2

200-499 4.6 4.8 2.0 4.4 2.9 3.3 1.7

500 & above 6.3 2.6 0.5 2.2 0.9 1.4 0.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


Factory employment in Major Industry Divisions in Maharashtra has been shown in the table below:

Industry Division

Average daily

employment

(No.) 2001

Percentage

to Total

(2001)

A Consumer Goods Industries 4,53,420 37.8

1Food products, beverages and tobacco products

1,66,235 13.8

2 Textiles (including wearing apparels)2,16,699

18.0

3 Wood and wood products 15,442 1.3

4Paper and paper products, publishing, printing, etc.

52,504 4.4

5Tanning and dressing of leather and leather products

2,5400.2

B Intermediate Goods Industries 3,46,208 28.8

6 Chemicals and chemical products 1,29,938 10.8

7 Petroleum, rubber, plastic products 53,514 4.5

8 Non-metallic mineral products 31,705 2.6

9 Basic metal and metal products 1,31,051 10.9

C Capital Goods Industries 3,14,051 26.2

10Machinery and equipments (other than transport equipments)

1,724.3 14.3

11 Transport equipments1,02,514

8.5

12 Other manufacturing industries 39,524 3.3

DOthers

13 Others 86,962

72

Total 12,00,641 100.0


3.2 INDUSTRIAL UNREST, STRIKES, LOCKOUTS AND MANDAYS LOST

(Workers affected and mandays lost - in hundred)

Items

Years

2000 2001 2002

1 Number of strikes and lock-outs 85 59 43

2 Workers affected 510 237 79

3 Mandays Lost 46,042 52,309 41,788

Source: Commissioner of Labour, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai

Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2003-04.

OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES

(COVERED UNDER THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948)

The State of Maharashtra has 28324 working factories covered under the Factories Act, 1948. In the year 2001, there were 9336 reportable accidents in these factories resulting in 177 fatal and 9159 non- fatal injuries.

For classification of accidents, the Indian Standard 3786: 1983, titled "Methods for computation of Frequency and Severity Rates in Industrial Injuries" and classification of industrial accidents along the ILO Code of Practice on recording and notification of occupational accidents and diseases were used. The industries were classified according to the new industrial classification - 1987 NIC Code. The fatal and non-fatal accidents have been dealt with separately and a number of injuries have been taken for a group of industries. The accidents in MAH installations have been taken separately.

5.1 FATAL INJURIES

The fatal injuries in the State of Maharashtra as reported in the Annual Returns submitted by the factories for the year 2001 are 177. These 177 fatal accidents were analyzed as per IS 3786 : 1983 and the ILO Code of Practice of Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases. The analysis has been done industry group-wise, cause wise, agency wise, nature of injury wise, location of injury wise, sex and age wise respectively.

5.1.1 Industry wise: Of the total 177 fatal injuries analyzed, 48 injuries were in the units manufacturing Basic Chemicals and Chemical Products. The industry wise analysis revealed that about 27.07% of fatal injuries occurred in the aforesaid industries. 23.16% occurred in Food Products industries and 9.60% of total injuries occurred in the Basic Metals and Alloyed industries. 7.90% of the total fatalities occurred in the Non-metallic Mineral Production industries. These were the major areas where number of fatal injuries are significant. The industry wise fatal injuries are given in Table-I.

TABLE -1

INDUSTRY WISE FATAL INJURIES

Sl.No.Industry

No. of

injuriesPercentage

1 Manufacturing of Food Products 4123.16

2Manufacture of Beverages, Tobacco &

Related Products2 1.30

3 Manufacture of Cotton Textiles 3 1.69

4Manufacture of Wool, Silk & Man-made Fiber Textiles

3 1.69

5Manufacture of Jute and other vegetable fiber textiles (except cotton)

0 --

6Manufacture of textile products (including wearing apparel)

0 --

7 Manufacture of Wood and Wood Products

4 2.25

8

Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products

And Printing, Publishing & Allied Industries.

8 4.51

9Manufacture of Leather & Products of

Leather, Fur & Substitutes of Leather0

10Manufacture of basic Chemicals &

Chemical Products48 27.07

11Manufacture of Rubber, Plastic, Petroleum & Coal Products; Processing Nuclear Fuels.

42.25

12Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral

Products14 7.90

13 Basic metal and alloyed industries 17 9.60

14Manufacture of metal products & parts, except machinery and equipment

4 2.25

15Manufacture of Machinery & Equipment other than Transport Equipment

9 5.08

16Manufacture of Transport Equipment and Parts.

3 1.69

17 Other Manufacturing Industries 1 0.56

18 Repair of Capital Goods 1 0.56

19 Electricity, Gas & Water 52.82

20 Activities Allied to Construction 1 0.56

21Wholesale Trade in wood, paper, skin,

leather etc.1 0.56

22 Retail trade n.e.c 4 2.25

23 Storage and warehousing services 0 --

24 Recreational & cultural services 1 0.56

25 Repair services 3 1.69

5.1.2 Cause-wise: The analysis of the 177 fatal injuries shows that "Fall of the Persons" and "Exposure to or contact with extreme temp" have contributed to about 19.77% each of total fatal accidents. 20.33% was the single largest area which contributed by "Stepping, Striking & Struck against" type of accident followed by 'Explosions' and 'Exposure to and contact with harmful substances' which were 15.25% and 8.47% respectively. Table -2 shows the above cause-wise break-up of fatal injuries

TABLE - 2

CAUSE WISE FATAL INJURIES

Sl.No. Type of AccidentNo. of

injuriesPercentage

1 Fall of persons 35 19.77

2 Fall of objects 7 3.95

3 Stepping, striking, struck against 36 20.33

4 Caught in between objects 11 6.21

5 Over-exertion or wrong movement 0

6 Expo. to or contact with extreme temp 35 ]9.77

7 Exposure to or contact with electric 9 5

objects

8 Expo. to or contact with harmful subs. 15 8.47

9 Explosions 27 15.25

10 Others 2 1.13

5.1.3 Agency-wise: In terms of the agency involved in the fatal injuries, 'Dust, gas, liquid and chemicals' accounts for majority of accidents which covered 25.42% of the total fatalities followed by 'Prime Movers' amounting to 11.86%. Remaining significant areas of injuries were 'Other machines, Wheeled means of transport, Pressure vessels, Other agencies' were responsible for fatal injuries. Table 3 gives the agency-wise fatal accidents.

TABLE - 3

AGENCY WISE FATAL INJURIES

Sl. No.

Agency. Involved

No. of

AccidentsPercentage

1 Prime Movers 21 11.86

2 Transmission Machinery 5 2.82

3 Metal Working Machine 6 3.38

4 Wood and Associated Machine 1 0.56

5 Other Machines 14 7.90

6 Other Wheeled Means of Transport 11 6.21

7 Other Means of Transport 5 2.82

8 Pressure Vessels 10 5.64

9 Electrical Installations 9 5.08

10 Tools, Implements & appliances 1 0.56

11 Ladders, Mobile Ramps 8 4.51

12 Scaffolding 8 4.51

13 Other Equipments 5 2.82

14 Explosives 0

15 Dust, Gases, Liquids & Chemicals 45 25.42

16 Flying Objects 5 2.82

17 Other Materials & Substances 7 3.95

18 Indoor 0 --

19 Animals 0--

20 Other Agencies 16 9.03

5.1.4 Nature-wise: Nature of injury analysis of the fatal injuries reveals that 38.41% are due to 'Other unspecified injuries' stands largest by nature while 'Multiple Injuries' and 'Bum' cover 23.72% and 20.33%, respectively. Table - 4 shows the nature-wise fatal injuries.

TABLE- 4

NATURE WISE FATAL INJURIES

Sl. No.

Nature of Injury

No. of injuries

Percentage

1 Fractures 6 3.38

2 Contusions & Crushing 6 3.38

3 Bum 36 20.33

4 Acute Poisoning 4 2.25

5 Asphyxia 8 4.51

6 Effect of Electrical Currents 7 3.95

7 Multiple injuries of different nature 42 23.72

8 Others and unspecified injuries 68 38.41

5.1.5 Location-wise: 'Multiple locations' caused the highest number of injuries which stands for 34.97% followed by 'Unspecified locations of injury' caused 34.40% of the total fatal injuries, while 'General injuries' and 'Head' were the locations which caused fatalities contributed to 13.53% and 7.90% respectively. Location wise fatal accidents are shown in Table - 5.

TABLE- 5

LOCATION WISE FATAL INJURIES

Sl. No.

Location of InjuryNo. of

AccidentsPercentage

1 Head 14 7.90

2 Neck 9 5.08

3 Trunk 0 0

4 Upper limb 5 2.82

5 Lower limb 2 1.13

6 Multiple locations 62 34.97

7 General injuries 24 13.53

8 Unspecified locations of injury 61 34.40

5.1.6 Age and Sex wise: A total of 177 employees met with fatal accident, of these 172 were male. Out of above 177 fatal accidents, 44% were from the age group 18-36 followed by 15% between 36 to 51 years of age group. A greater number of injured employees' age group could not be ascertained. And also particulars of insurance coverage were also not available due to improper reporting by the employer. Table-6 shows all the above details.

TABLE - 6(A)

SEX-WISE FATAL INJURIES

Sl. N o.

SexNo. of

injuriesPercentage

1 Male 172 97.17

2 Female 5 2.83

TABLE - 6(B)

INSURED/UNINSURED FATAL INJURIES

Sl. No.

Insured/UninsuredNo. of

injuriesPercentage

1 Insured 12 6.76

2 Uninsured 165 93.24

TABLE - 6(C)

AGE-WISE FATAL INJURIES

Sl. No. AgeNo. of

injuriesPercentage

1 < 14 1 0.56

2 14 to <15 0 --

3 15 to < 18 0 --

4 18 to<36 78 44.00

5 36 to < 51 27 15.23

6 51 to < 61 7 3.95

7 61 & Above 0 --

8 Not available 64 36.10

5.2 NON-FATAL INJURIES

All together 9159 non-fatal occupational injuries had been reported by industries in the State of Maharashtra during the year of 2001. The classification of accidents and injuries were done according to the IS : 3786-1983 and also ILO Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases.

5.2.1 Industry-wise: The industry-wise analysis of non-fatal injuries shows that highest 31.05% of the accidents were in the Cotton textiles industries. 10.53% contains by the Basic Metals and Alloyed manufacturing industry and 7.93% are in the industries manufacturing Transport Equipment and Parts. Table -7 shows the industry-wise non-fatal injuries.

TABLE - 7

INDUSTRY-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES

Sl.No. IndustryNo. of

injuriesPercentage

Manufacture of

1 Food products 344 3.75

2Beverage, tobacco and tobacco products

5 0.05

3 Cotton textiles 2849 31.05

4 Wool, silk and man-made fiber 168 1.83

5 Textile Products 55 0.6

6 Wood and wood products 22 0.23

7 Paper products 276 3.01

8 Leather & leather products 5 0.05

9 Basic chemicals and chemical products 539 5.87

10Rubber, plastic, petroleum and coal products

213 2.32

11 Non-metallic mineral products 235 2.56

12 Basic metal and alloys 966 10.53

13 Metal products and parts 553 6.02

14 Machineries and equipments 596 6.50

15 Transport equipment and parts 728 7.93

16 Other manufacturing industries 228 2.49

17 Repair of Capital goods 586 6.39

18 Electricity, Gas & Water 75 0.81

19 Construction -- --

20 Storages and warehousing services -- --

21 Repair services 155 1.69

22 Electrical Machinery and apparatus 378 4.12

23 Others 183 1.99

Total 9159

5.2.2 Age and Sex-wise: Of the injured, more than 99% were male. Female injury figured negligibly in sex wise distribution chart of the state of Maharashtra. As far as age wise distribution it was revealed that majority of accidents involving the age group of '36 to 50' chronologically followed by the groups of' 18 to 35' and 51 to 60'. Table-8 gives details of sex-wise injuries.

TABLE - 8

SEX-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES

Sl. N o. Sex No. of injuries Percentage

1 Male 9107 99.26

2 Female 52 0.74

5.2.3 Cause-wise: Cause-wise analysis of the non-fatal injuries shows that 20.03% of the accidents are due to 'Caught in between objects'. 10.68% stepping, striking and struck against objects, 8.02% due to fall of objects and 10.95% due to fall of persons. 40.33% injuries caused covers 'other type of accidents'. Table-9 shows the cause-wise non-fatal injuries.

TABLE – 9

CAUSE-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES

Sl. No. Type of Accidents No. of injuries Percentage

1 Fall of persons 1005 10.95

2 Fall of objects 736 8.02

3 Stepping. striking and struck against 980 10.68

4 Caught in between objects 1838 20.03

5 Over exertion or wrong movement 276 3.00

6 Exposure to or contact with extreme 137 1.49

temperature

7Exposure to or contact with electric objects

55 0.60

8Exposure to or contact with harmful substance

432 4.70

9 Others 3700 40.33

5.2.4 Agency-wise: The Indian Standard 3786 : 1983 which is as comprehensive as the ILO Code of Practice on Recording and Notification of Occupational Accident and Diseases has been used to classify the accidents into 20 major categories. These are given in Annex of the report.

The analysis of the non-fatal injuries shows that other agencies are the major area contributing to 35.20% of the injuries and transmission machines as well as 'handling of goods' have contributed 1 T58% and 11.77% of the injuries each.

TABLE - 10

AGENCY-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES

Sl.No. AgencyNo. of

injuriesPercentage

1 Prime movers 40 0.43

2 Transmission machines 1613 17.58

3 Metal working machines 332 3.62

5 Other machines 255 2.78

6 Transport 93 1.01

7 Pressure vessels 31 0.34

8 Electrical installations 55 0.60

9 Tools, implements and appliances 327 3.56

10 Ladders, mobile ramps 504 5.50

11 Scaffolding 102 1.11

12 Other equipment 399 4.34

13 Fire & Explosion 106 115

14 Dust, gases, liquid and chemicals 114 1.24

15 Flying objects 98 1.06

16 Handling Goods 1080 11.77

17 Indoor 780 8.50

18 Animals --

19 Other agencies 3230 35.20

5.2.5 Location-wise: According to IS 3786 : 1983 and ILO Code of Practice on Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, the location of injury has been divided into 8 categories. Table - 11 shows the distribution of location-wise injuries pertaining to the Mumbai region only. 47.90% and 29.67% of the injuries have occurred in the upper limb and lower limb region respectively comprising of shoulder, upper arm, elbow, fore-arm, wrist, hand and fingers. This is followed by head injuries, which was 10.80%.

TABLE – l1

LOCATION-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES (MUMBAI REGION)

5.2.6 Nature-wise Injury: Nature of injury according to IS 3786 is classified into 14 categories, like fracture, dislocation, sprains, concussion, amputation, wounds, contusions & crushing, burns, acute poisoning, asphyxia, electrical currents, etc. Table-I2 is again a table pertaining to the Mumbai region only which gives the nature of injury-wise distribution.

Non-fatal injuries in the region have been found to be mainly by the nature of wounds like lacerations, cuts, contusion with wounds, scalp wounds, etc. Superficial injuries contributed to the highest, i.e. 43.55% followed by contributing to 13.2% and burns- 11.3%, other unspecified injuries 8.2%, contusions, other wounds and fractures 7% each of the total injuries.

Sl. No.

Location Of InjuryNo. of

injuries

Percentage

1 Head 276 10.79

2 Neck 5 0.20

3 Trunk 121 4.73

4 Upper limb 1225 47.89

5 Lower limb 759 29.67

6 Multiple locations 102 3.98

7 General injuries 7 0.28

8 Unspecified locations; 58 2.27

TABLE - 12

DISTRIBUTION OF NON-FATAL INJURIES (MUMBAI REGION)

Sl. No.

Nature of injuryNo. of

injuriesPercentage

1 Fracture 55 2.15

2 Dislocations 01 0.04

3 Sprains and strains 264 10.32

4 Concussions & other internal injury 15 0.58

5 Amputations and encleations 06 0.23

6 Other wounds 31 1.21

7 Superficial injuries 1114 43.55

8 Contusions and crushings 729 28.50

9 Burns 63 2.46

10 Acute poisoning 01 0.04

11 Asphyxia 04 0.16

12 Effects of electrical currents 02 0.08

13 Multiple injury of different nature 08 0.32

14 Others and unspecified injuries 260 10.16

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES & POISONING IN MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES

ILO Code of Practice on Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases defines Occupational Diseases as "a disease contracted as a result of an exposure to risk factors arising from work activity". Under Section 89 of the Factories Act, 1948 where any worker in a factory contracts any disease specified in the Third Schedule (Annexure-I), the Manager of the factory shall send a notice thereof to such authorities and in such form and within such time as may be prescribed. Also any medical practitioner attending on a person who is or has been employed in a factory and is suffering from diseases specified in the Third Schedule shall without delay send a report in writing to the office of the Directorate, Industrial Safety and Health. In the State of Maharashtra, few occupational disease cases have been reported to the Directorate, Industrial Safety and Health. However, the ESIC which deals with compensation to the workers for any loss while working in the factory has cases of occupational diseases as per the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Act, 1948 during the year 2001, but the same is not available from the sources. The occupational diseases result in loss of earning capacity of the workers. This loss varies according to the occupational diseases contracted by the worker. The severity of the disease may result in permanent disability to the worker. However, there were cases of occupational disease or permanent disability due to injury during the period 2001, but during the year 2001, there were NIL case of Poisoning. However, 12 cases of occupational diseases reported are given in the table.

No.of cases

Name of occupational disease

Harmful agents

5 Byssinosis Cotton dust Byssinosis Cotton dust7 Noise Induced Hearing

Loss (NIHL)High noise level

All the above cases were investigated by Medical Inspectors of Factories/ certifying Surgeons and recommendations forwarded.

MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH AT UNIT LEVEL

This Chapter, as is evident, deals with the management of occupational safety and health at the unit level, i.e. manufacturing units. The state has a total of 28324 working factories in the year 2001, the break-up of which according to factories registered under Section 2(m), Section 85 of the Factories Act, 1948 is given in Chapter-4. In order to have a fair idea, about the safety and health status in these units, the following aspects on safety and health have been converted under this Chapter:

7.1 Safety Policy

7.2 Appointment of Safety Officers

7.3 Safety Committee

7.4 Occupational health centers (FMO, Ambulance)

7.5 Welfare (WO, Canteen, Creche, Lunch Room, Shelter, etc.)

7.6 On-site Emergency Plans

7.7 Safety Reports

7.8 Safety Audits

7.9 HAZOP Studies

7.10 Dangerous Occurrences

There are certain statutory requirements as provided under the Factories Act, 1948 and Rules framed there under, for each of the aspect stated above. Items 7.6 to 7.9 are additional requirement exclusively applicable to MAR installations, which are covered by separate set of rules. Each of aspect with its status has been discussed in the following paragraphs.

7.1 SAFETY POLICY

The Rule 73(L) of the Maharashtra Factory Rules, 1963, framed under the provisions of Sections 7 A(3), 41-B(2) and 112 requires preparation of a written statement of policy in respect of health and safety of workers at work by every factory except

a) Units covered under Section 2(m)(i) of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing less than 50 workers.

b) Units covered under Section 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948

c) Provided that they are not covered in the first schedule under section 2( cb ) or covered under Section 87 of the Factories Act, 1948.

d) Units covered under Section 2(cb) of the Factories Act, 1948.

In addition to the above, the Chief Inspector may require the occupier of any of the factories or class or description of factories to comply with the above requirements of Safety Policy if in his opinion it is expedient to do so.

As per the details available 1902 units were required preparation of Safety Policy. However, only 1360 units have prepared the Safety Policy, which is about 71.6% of the total requirement.

7.2 APPOINTMENT OF SAFETY OFFICERS

As per the provisions of Section 40-B of the Factories Act, 1948, Safety Officer is required to be appointed for the units meeting the following criteria:

7.2.1 a) Units employing more than 1000 workers,

b) Wherein in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing process or operation is carried on involving any risk of bodily injury, poisoning or diseases or any hazard to health.

As per the details available, 564 Safety Officers were required to be appointed in 394 factories in the State. As against this, 530 Safety Officers were appointed in various units.

Description of factories No. of factories

as per Col. 1

No. of Safety Officers

required to be appointed

No. of Safety

Officers appointed

Factories employing 1000 or more workers and notified under section 40-B(1)(i)

133303

269

Factories notified under section 40-B(1 )(ii)

261 261 261

7.3 SAFETY COMMITTEE

The Rule 73(J) of the Maharashtra Factory Rules, 1963 framed under the provisions of Section 41 and 41-G of the Factories Act, 1948 requires constitution of Safety Committee in the factories meeting the following criteria:

a) Units employing 250 or more workers.

b) Units covered under Section 87 of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing more than 50 workers.

c) Units covered under Section 2(cb) of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing more than 50 workers.

As per the information available, 1349 units have constituted Safety Committees out of 1902 units, which is about 70.4%.

7.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CENTERS

As per Rule 73(W) of the Maharashtra Factory Rules, 1963 prescribed under Section 41-C of the Factories Act, 1948, Occupational Health Centers are required to be set up in the factories carrying on 'hazardous process' as described under Section 2(cb) of the Act. The industries have been divided into 3 categories, i.e. the industries employing up to 50 workers, employing 51 - 200 workers and employing more than 200 workers. 327 MAR units have provided 183 Full time Factory Medical Officers and 144 Part-time Factory Medical Officers. They have 249 ambulances and provided 175 ambulance rooms. Other than MAH, 412 other units have provided 273 full time and 38 part time Factory Medical Officers and 412 ambulance vans with 412 ambulance rooms, respectively.

Table showing number of MAH factories, appointment of Medical Officer, Ambulance Van and Occupational Health Centre.

Detail Year

2000 2001

No. of MAH Factories 327 327

No. of Medical Officers appointed on Full Time/ Part

Time/Retainer Basis275 275

No. of Ambulance Van or other vehicle provided 250 249

No. of Occupational Health Centre provided 175 210

Table showing Factories employing workers above 500, appointment of Factory Medical Officer on Full time / Part time and on Retainer basis and number of Ambulance Room (Dispensary) provided.

Detail Year

2000 2001

No. of Factories employing more than 500 workers 411 412

No. of Medical Officers Full Time 273 274

No. of Medical Officers Part Time 138 138

No. of Ambulance van or other vehicle 411 412

No. of Occupational Health Centre 411 412

7.5 WELFARE

This part of the Chapter deals with the Welfare facilities, e.g. appointment of Welfare Officers, creche facilities, canteen facilities, shelters, rest room and lunch room.

As per the provisions of Section 49 of the Factories Act, 1948, any factory employing more than 500 workers, is required to employ a Welfare Officer. Table below gives the details of Welfare Officers appointed in the factories.

a Number of factories required to appoint Welfare Officers

factories.

280

bNumber of factories in which Welfare Officers mentioned in (a) above are appointed 46

6

c Number of Welfare Officers required to be appointed in factories employing ordinarily 500 or more workers

334

d Number of Welfare Officers so appointed 453

As per the provisions under Section 48 of the Factories Act, 1948, any factory employing 30 or more women workers are required to provide creche facilities for the use of children below the age of 6 years for the women employees. There are certain requirements under the Section for these creches which are to be met by the occupier of the factory. In total 406 units are required to provide creche facility and out of these 187 units have provided the creche facilities.

As per the provisions under Section 47 of the Factories Act, 1948, any factory employing more than 150 workers is required to provide adequate and suitable shelters or rest rooms and lunch-rooms for the use of the workers employed.

As per the details available 933 factories are required to provide the shelters, rest rooms and lunch-room facilities. However, 3541 factories have provided this facility, which is much more than the statutory provision.

As per the provisions under Section 46 of the Factories Act, 1948 any factory employing more than 250 workers is required to provide canteen facilities for the use of workers.

As per the details available, out of 1220 units, 637 occupiers of factories and 583 contractors have provided canteen facilities.

7.6 ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLANS

As per the provision under "The Maharashtra Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard Rules, 2003", an occupier who has control of the industrial activity, as described under the Rule, shall prepare an On-site emergency plan detailing how major accidents will be dealt with on the site on which industrial activity is carried on.

As per the information available 327 number of MAH installations were required to prepare the on-site emergency plan. 255 MAH installations have prepared the plans and submitted to the Director of Industrial Safety and Health.

7.7&7.8 SAFETY REPORTS AND SAFETY AUDITS

As per the provisions under "The Maharashtra Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard Rules, 2003", it is mandatory for an occupier to prepare and submit to the Chief Inspector before the commencement of an industrial activity, the Safety Report of the industrial activity to which these rules apply. The Safety Report is to be submitted in the prescribed format. Further it is advisable that all the units after the commencement of the industrial activity shall carry out an independent Safety Audit of the respective industrial activities with the help of an expert not associated with such industrial activities. This will help the management to know the weak points in their system and to take suitable timely remedial measures. No information was available from DISH about how many units were required to prepare and actually prepared and submitted to enforcing authority.

7.9 HAZOP STUDIES

The HAZOP Studies, i.e. the Hazard and Operability studies are carried out in advance on any plant to examine the process or at least the relevant parts of the process to

discover how deviation from the intention of design can occur to decide whether such deviations can give rise to hazardous conditions. The technique aims to simulate the imagination of designer in a systematic way and is useful in identifying potential hazards in advance and allow the user to take corrective measures. However, no information is available about the units which have conducted risk assessment studies.

7.10 DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES

As per provision of Section 87 of the Factories Act, 1948, and Rule 114 of the Maharashtra Factory Rules, 1963, dangerous occurrences are reportable accidents and should be reported on Form 24-A to the concerned authority. The table below reflects the details:

Sl.

No.Factory

Circumstances Causing Dangerous Occurrence

1National Highway Trucking Centre, Chembur, Mumbai

Due to CNG filling, there was damage to the deky of the taxi.

2Mamta Trading Co., Ghatkopar, Mumbai

Due to bursting of the boilers.

3Aarti Drugs Ltd., MIDC, Tarapur

Fire caught due to inflammable solvent.

4Sterling Aralaries Pvt. Ltd., Tarapur

During the process ethelene oxide which is inflammable, fire broke out

5Rajni Chemicals Industries, Tarapur

The reactor busted due to increase in Temperature and pressure of acrohly nitrathe

6Pratap Organics, Pavane, Thane

Fire caught due to inflammable solvent.

7Chemosol Industries Pvt. Ltd., MIDC, Mahad

-do-

8 Chemosol Industries Pvt. Ltd., -do-

MIDC, Mahad

9Ordnance Factory, Jalgaon, Nashik

Explosion

10'C' Cure Building Products Pvt. Ltd., Pune

Due to opening auto dare the boiler exploded

11Prerana Pharma Intermediate,

AmbernathFire caught due to inflammable solvent

12 Bhagwati S.S.K. Ltd., SolapurWhile changing the tyre tube, there was pressure and it bursted

13Shree Pulshkar Petro Products Ltd.,

Fire caught due to inflammable solvent

14S.B. Reshellers Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur

Due to pressure there was an explosion

MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AHD HEALTH AT STATE LEVEL

Management of Safety and Health at the state level is more complex than at the unit level. At unit level, the problems are relatively simple and unit specific depending upon the type of industry. However, at the state level management of safety and health is not unit or industry specific and the instruments such as policies, legislation, etc. are required to be more comprehensive to take care of safety and health issues in all type of occupations. Apart from the Factories Act, 1948, there are other legislations for providing a better work environment, safety, health and welfare facilities. These legislations are enforced by various state government agencies such as Directorates of Factories and Boilers, Labour Commissioner, etc.

Education and training plays an important role in management of safety and health at

state level and thus cannot be neglected. Non-government organizations (NGOs), voluntary organizations, institutions and agencies engaged in safety and health are contributing in their own way towards the objective for giving the workers a safe and healthy work environment.

Safety and health at work is governed by variety of statutes in the state depending on the nature of work place, manufacturing activity and specific aspect of safety and health. Some of the important statutes are given below:

1. The Factories Act, 1948

2. The Maharashtra Factories Rules, 1963

3. The Maharashtra Safety Officers (Duties, Qualifications and Conditions of Service) Rules, 1982.

4. The Maharashtra Welfare officers (Duties, Qualifications and Conditions of Service) Rules, 1966.

5. The Dangerous Machines (Regulation) Act, 1983.

6. Bombay Shops and Establishment Act.

7. Industrial Dispute Act, 1947

8. Fatal Accident Act, 1855.

9. Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948

10. Employees' Liability Act, 1938

11. Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981

12. Insecticide Act, 1968, with Rules, 1971

13. Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels (Unfired) Rules, 1981

14. The Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986.

15. The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989, Amended in 1994, 2000 & 2001

16. The Maharashtra Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard Rules, 2003

17. The Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning & Preparedness) Rules, 1996.

18. The Environment Protection Act, 1986.

There are different departments of Central Government and State Government entrusted with the responsibility of enforcement of these statutes. The efforts of the enforcement agencies are also supplemented by other organizations such as training and research institutions, employers' associations, employees associations, etc. in promoting occupational safety and health in the state.

8.1 DIRECTORATE OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HEALTH, (DISH) MAHARASHTRA STATE

This Directorate, under the Department of Labour and Rehabilitation at State Secretariat is looking after safety, health and environment of workers employed in factories. The Directorate is headed by the Chief Inspector of Factories called Director. In the state of Maharashtra, the Factories are under the same Directorate like many other states in the country where the Boilers are looked after by the Chief Inspector of Boilers and the Factories are looked after by the Chief Inspector of Factories. Thus in the State of Maharashtra, the Directorate of Factories have to look after the enforcement of Factories Act, 1948. The Inspectors (now called as Assistant Directors, Deputy Directors and Joint Directors) with mechanical and other engineering/medical background are also Factory Inspectors.

8.1.1 Infrastructure Facilities

The Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health has set up an Industrial Hygiene Laboratory in 1952 for imparting safety and health data of samples collected in industries. The laboratory is equipped with equipment and accessories for carrying out ventilation study, noise study, illumination study, heat stress and to carry out the complete chemical analysis of samples of dust, chemicals and other pollutants from samples collected in industries. .

8.1.2 Employment and Area Covered

The DISH is having a strength of 97 personnel as given in the organization chart (enclosed) and the whole State of Maharashtra is under the jurisdiction of this

Directorate.

The Head office of the DISH is at Mumbai and the Regional Offices are at Nagpur, Thane, Kalyan, Vasai, Panvel, Nashik, Pune, Aurangabad, Kolhapur and Akola. The District Offices are at Satara, Sangli, Solapur, Ahmednagar, Nanded, Dhule, Jalgaon, Bhandara, Chandrapur and Amaravati.

8.1.3 Strength of the Inspectorate

The Directorate is manned by 97 personnel out of 137 sanctioned strength as given below:

Director (DISH) 01

Addl. Director 01

Joint Director 12

Dy. Director 35

Asstt. Director 39

Medical Inspector of Factories 01

Certifying Surgeons Industrial 01

Hygiene Staff Industrial 06

Hygiene Lab. 01

Total 97

The Department functions under the Secretary (Labour) who reports to the Hon. Labour Minister of the State of Maharashtra.

8.1.4 Main functions of the DISH

Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health (DISH) is a statutory Government Body entrusted with the Enforcement of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Maharashtra Factories Rules, 1963, along with and the rules under the Environment Protection Act and rules made there-under:

a) Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989

b) Chemical Accidents (Emergency, Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1986.

Workmen Compensation Act, 1923.

The Factories Act, 1948 mainly aims at regulating the working conditions in factories, which embrace inter-alia, safety, health and welfare aspects.

The Department is headed by the Director of Factories, who reports directly to the Secretary (Factories).

The different activities undertaken by the Directorate are given below:

8.1.4.1Inspection and Prosecution

23471 Inspections were carried out, which include hazardous and non hazardous factories. 777 prosecutions were launched during the year 2001 and 497 factories prosecuted.

8.1.4.2Important Activities in 2001

Factories Registered by 2001

U/S 2 m(i) 22398

U/S 2 m(ii) 276

U/S 85 10722

Total 33,396

Working Factories By 2001

U/S 2 m(i) 19906

U/S 2 m(ii) 204

U/S 85 8214

Total 28,324

* As on December, 2001, the total registered factories were 33,396, wherein total working factories were 28,324 and workers employed daily were 1201000.

* Incidence rate of accidents per 1000 workers employed in factories during the year 2000 was 12.50 (Provisional) as compared to the national level of 10.93 (P).

* Various Surveys were conducted under the Industrial Hygiene Surveillance activity undertaken by the department.

* Visited and Medical checks of 9179 factory workers were conducted in 180 factories during the year 2001 under the Occupational Health Surveillance programme.

8.1.4.3Promotional Activities

a) Safety - Various training programmes/seminar, etc. were organized to the help of Safety Committee.

b) Major Accident Hazard Control - Updating On-site plans/Disaster Crisis Group meetings/2nd Environment Committee Meeting.

c) Small Scale Industries - Regular meetings are held with SSIs/ Associations and a number of other organizations for assistance to SSIs.

d) Safety Awards - A number of programmes are conducted for Safety Award

Training Programmes/Seminars during the year 2001

No. of safety seminars organized 16

No. of participants 1149

No. of factories where safety training programmes were organized

67

No. of participants 1600

Other Activities in 2001

As per Chemical Accidents (Emergency, Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rule 1996, Crisis Group at 6 state, district and local levels are prepared and mock drills of such plans are conducted regularly. The DISH has promoted the MARG in Bhandup, Mulund, Thane, Navi Mumbai, Tarapur, Kalyan, and Raigad areas. Awareness and preparedness training programs are conducted through MARG regularly for taking action in the event of any chemical accident.

8.1.5 Inspection Activities

Although the Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health is an enforcing agency, it has been observed that the stress of the department is more on the implementation and training front rather than enforcement. However, 23471 factories were inspected. Number of inspections and visits to MAH factories during the year is 358.

8.1.6 Prosecutions and Convictions

The Chapter 10 of the Factories Act provides for penalties and procedures for violation of the provisions. The analysis shows that prosecutions have been carried out under Section 92 of the Factories Act. The Section 92 of the Factories Act speaks about the general penalties for offences.

There were 770 prosecutions under section 92. 3309 cases were pending from the previous year while 280 cases were decided and 236 were convicted finally with an imposition of Penalty of Rs.1351 000/- which goes towards State income.

Under Section 92 of the Factories Act Penal Cases:

Pending from the previous year 3309

Launched during 2001 770

Decided during the year 280

Convicted during the year 236

Total Penalty Imposed Rs. 1351000/ -

8.2 OFFICE OF THE LABOUR COMMISSIONER

8.2.1 Objectives

The office of the Commissioner, Labour is assigned with the duties and functions relating to Industrial Relations, Labour Welfare, Enforcement of Labour Legislative besides Implementation of Labour Welfare and Social Security Schemes. The officials in the Labour Department are also appointed and declared as authorities performing quasi-judicial executive functions under various Labour Legislations of both the Central and State Government.

8.2.2 Functions

In order to achieve the aims and objectives, the office ensures administration of balanced industrial relations, strict enforcement of Labour Legislation, ensuring welfare benefits under the statute to workmen in both organized and unorganized sector equally, timely revision of minimum rates of wages in Scheduled Employment and their proper enforcement.

8.3 MAHARASHTRA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

8.3.1 The Indian economy has grown at a rapid pace during the last few decades with industry as an important constituent of growth. At the same time the natural environment is being damaged by extensive pollution by industries, vehicle traffic, deforestation, etc. To look after the environmental problems the Government of

Maharashtra has created a separate department for Environment in 1985. However, well before that "Maharashtra Pollution Control Board" constituted in 1970 under "Maharashtra Prevention of Water Pollution Act, 1969" has been in force to look after the environmental problems in the State.

The Board is in the State regularly monitoring environmental water quality of main rivers every month at 38 locations under Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS) & Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources (MINARS) projects. Out of these 38 locations, at 15 locations the water quality is found to be deteriorated during the year 2001-02. The Board has also monitored the overall environmental quality at 177 other locations out of which at 62 locations the water quality was deteriorated, since Bio-oxygen Demand (BOI) was exceeding the limits. The main reasons for this are discharge of domestic effluent in the river without treatment and very limited flow in the river after monsoon.

The ambient air quality in Brihanmumbai is monitored by Municipal Corporation of Brihanmumbai at 6 locations. It has been decided to monitor at 26 stations under the project National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) in the state. Out of these Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) is monitoring air quality at 5 occasions, the remaining 21 stations are monitored by the educational institutes. During 2001-02, at 2 locations, NOx concentration was found above the standard and at 6 locations SPM level (Suspended Particulate Matter) was found above the standard

The Government of India has recently enacted bio-medical (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 and Government of Maharashtra has appointed Maharashtra Pollution Control Board as its implementing authority. The board has already started preparing inventory of bio-medical waste generating hospitals/ medical institutions. Till the end of March, 2002, the board has given authorization to 743 medical institutions.

For proper and planned industrialization, work of preparation of zoning atlas is undertaken by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board in association with Central Pollution Control Board. Zoning atlas work for Ratnagiri district is now completed and for Aurangabad and Pune districts, is in final stages and is expected to be completed by March, 2003.

The board collects data on various aspects of water and air pollution from all

major establishments in the state and regularly monitors them. During 2001-02, under ‘Water and Air Pollution Act’ the board has issued 8976 consents to various industries to establish or expand as against 7430 consents issued during 200-01. As per the provision under the Act, the board collect water cess from the specified industries and local bodies on the basis of consumption of water. Amount of Rs. 6.45 crore and Rs. 12.67 crore was collected as water cess during the year 200-01 and 2001-02, respectively.

The board monitors the polluting industries for their pollution control operations and action is taken against defaulters. The information regarding the details of legal action taken against defaulting industries is given in table below:

Year Number of legal actions under section33A of Water (P&CP) Act,

197431A of Air (P&CP) Act, 1981

Proposed Final Proposed Final1998-

99311 124 39 16

1999-00

302 230 69 36

2000-01

317 136 35 5

2001-02

298 67 103 20

8.3.2 Activities of the Board Including Various Functions:

Functions Performed under the Act: The functions of the State Board as specified in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:

Functions under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974:

a) to plan a comprehensive programme for the prevention, control or abatement of pollution of streams and wells in the State and to secure the execution thereof;

b) to advice the State Government on any matter concerning the prevention, control or abatement of water pollution;

c) to collect and disseminate information relating to water pollution and the prevention, control or abatement thereof;

d) to encourage, conduct and participate in investigations and research relating to problems of water pollution and prevention, control or abatement of water pollution;

e) to collaborate with the Central Board in organizing the training of persons engaged or to the engaged in programmes relating to prevention, control or abatement of water pollution and to organize mass education programmes relating thereto;

f) sewage and trade effluents and to review plants, specifications or other data relating to plants set up for the treatment of water, works for the purification thereof and the system for the disposal of sewage or trade effluents or in connection with the grant of consent as required by this Act;

g) to lay down, modify or annual effluent standards for the sewage and trade effluents and for the quality of receiving waters (not being water in an interstate stream) resulting from the discharge of effluents and to classify waters of the State;

h) for the prevention, control or abatement of discharge of waste into streams or wells;

i) to advise the State Government with respect to the location of any industry the carrying on of which is likely to pollute a stream or well;

j) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed or may, from time to time, be entrusted to it by the Central Board or the State Government.

Functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:

a) to plan a comprehensive programme for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution and to secure the execution thereof;

b) to advise the State Government on any matter concerning the prevention, control, or abatement of air pollution;

c) to collect and disseminate information relating to air pollution;

d) to collaborate with the Central Board in organizing the training of persons engaged or to be engaged in programmes relating to prevention, control or abatement of air pollution and to organize mass education programme relating thereof;

e) to inspect, at all reasonable times, any control equipment, the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution in such areas the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution in such areas; such directions to such persons as it may consider necessary to take steps for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution;

f) to advise the State Government with respect to the suitability of any premises or location for carrying on any industry which is likely to cause air pollution.

8.3.3 Objectives and Approach:

The functions listed above are directed towards the effective control of water and air pollution and thus to maintain and restore, wherever necessary the wholesomeness of water for various designated best uses and to preserve the quality of air as per requirement of ambient air quality. The Goa State Pollution Control Board aims to achieve these objectives through:

- Control on quality effluents and emissions from existing industrial units by periodical analysis of their effluent and emission samples.

- Maintain suitable industrial development by selecting non-polluting industries and the industries with effective effluent treatment arrangements.

- Developing Data Base to prepare water use and water quality maps and air quality zoning.

8.4 DIRECTORATE OF INDUSTRIES AND MINES

8.4.1 Small Scale Industries (SSI) :

The SSI sector is a vital segment of the economy, contributing substantially in the form of production, employment and export. This sector creates large employment opportunities in low capital cost. For speedy growth of SSI sector in the state, the Government, has already brought about simplifications in the SSI registration procedures. The investment limit for SSI units has been reduced from Rs.3 crore to Rs.1 crore. For tiny sector, this limit has been increased from Rs.5 lakh to Rs.2 lakh. For small-scale service and business enterprises sector, the investment limit has been increased upto Rs.1303 lakh. The composite term loan limit for SSI units has been increased from RS.2 lakh to Rs.5 lakh. The investment limit for SSI units in the category of hand tools and hosiery has been enhanced upto Rs.5 crore. The total number of SSI units in the state as on 30th November, 2002 was 3.71 lakh. The total capital investment and employment therein at the time of registration was Rs.868 crore and 26.98 lakh, respectively.

8.4.2 Minerals:

The potential mineral bearing area in the state is about 58 thousand sq. km. (i. e. about 19 per cent of the total geographical area of the state) which is mainly concentrated in the districts of Bhandara, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Nagpur, Yavatmal, Kolhapur, Satara, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and Thane. The major minerals found in the state according to their production are coal, limestone, bauxite, manganese ore, silica sand and laterite. The details of production of

major minerals in the state during 2001-02 are given in the following table:

Major mineralsProduction (in lakh

tones)

Percentage increase/

decrease over the previous year

Coal 308.30 7.2

Laterite 1.17 41.0

Manganese ore 3.88 6.9

Bauxite 10.78 5.0

Silica sand 1.25 (-)25.6

Limestone 62.49 3.0

During the year 2001-02, the total value of minerals production in the state was Rs.2402 crore showing increase of 7.2 per cent over the previous year. The value (Rs.2,254 crore) of coal extracted during 2001-02 accounted 94 per cent of the total value of minerals extracted.

8.5 MAHARASHTRA STATE TEXTILE CORPORATION

The Maharashtra State Textile Corporation (MSTC) was incorporated in the State in the year 1966. The Government of Maharashtra has decided in January, 2001 to closing down the textile mills run by the MSTC owing to heavy losses incurred by them. Up-to the end of December, 2002, six mills are closed and now three mills are with the MSTC. The labour component of the mills with the MSTC was 3,300. These mills together have 70,000 spindles and one thousand looms. The turnover of mills during the year 2001-02 was Rs.73.27 crore as compared to Rs.I08.23 crore during 2000-01. Its production value during April to December, 2002 was

about Rs.24 crore as against Rs.58 crore for the corresponding period of the previous year.

8.6 MAHARASHTRA STATE KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES BOARD

The Maharashtra State Khadi and Village Industries Board (MSKVIB) was incorporated in the year 1962 under the Bombay Khadi and Village Industries Act, 1960. The main functions of the Board are to organize, develop and expand activities of Khadi and Village Industries (KVI) in the State. The Board provides financial assistance to individuals, registered institutions and co-operatives. It also provides technical guidance and training to individual beneficiaries and makes arrangement in marketing of products of village industries, etc.

Details of financial assistance made available by various financial institutions and the State Government to KVI sector in the state are given in the following table:

* These includes nationalized banks, co-operative banks and other financial institutions.

Agency

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 (Expected)

Loans

Grants

Total

Loans

Grants

Total

Loans

Grants

Total

Khadi&

Village

Industries

Commission

126 -- 126 301 -- 301 -- -- --

Banks* 2985 -- 2985 3973 -- 3973 646 -- 646

State

Government

-- 1276 1276 -- 1348 1348 -- 1067 1067

Total 3111 1276 4387 4274 1348 5622 646 1067 1713

Source.- Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2002-03.

Presently, 116 categories of industries are in the purview of the KVl sector. Under Artisan Employment Guarantee Scheme, employment opportunities were provided to 3.58 lakh artisans during 2001-02, as compared to 3.54 lakh artisans for the previous year. It is expected that during 2002-03, employment opportunities will be provided to 3.62 lakh artisans.

The Board is also implementing a special scheme of bee keeping in the Western Ghat Region of the state. The board had distributed 24,567 bee boxes up-to the end of 2001-02. From these bee boxes 3863 kg. honey was produced.

The physical achievements for entire KVI sector under all programmes of the board are given in the following table.

Source : Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03.

8.7 MAHARASHTRA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

The Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) was established in 1962 under Maharashtra Industrial Development Act, 1961 for commuting rapid

YearValue of production in units assisted (Rs. crore)

Employment provided

(Artisans in lakh)

2000-01 1036 4.85

2001-02 1058 4.92

2002-03

(Estimated)1076 5.02

orderly growth and developing industries in industrial areas in the State. The MIDC supplies developed plots with necessary infra-structural facilities like internal roads, water, electricity and other internal services to entrepreneurs in the industrial areas. The State Government is implementing following important programmes through MIDC, (1) Establishment of 61 Growth Centres covering entire State, (2) Establishment of Mini-industrial Areas to cover all the talukas in the State, (3) Establishment of 5 Growth Centres with assistance from the Central Government and (4) Setting up of 'Five Star' Industrial Areas at 10 centers as declared in the 'Industry, Trade and Commerce Policy, 1995' of the State.

The MIDC has constructed sheds in selected industrial areas. By the end of March, 2002, development of 264 industrial areas was allotted to MIDC, out of which 100 were large, 66 were growth centers (61 with State Government and 5 with assistance from the Central Government) and 98 were mini-industrial areas. As on 31st March, 2002, the total planned area of the MIDC was 87,634 hectares, of which 52,223 hectares (60 percent) area was in its possession. The total area of allotted plots was 18.1 thousand hectares. The total water supply capacity of MIDC was 1.941 million litres per day. The performance of MIDC in 2000-01and 2001-02 is given in the following table.

Item 2000-01 2001-02

Cumulative as at

the end of 2001-02

Plots carved out 1131 975 51856

Plots allotted 694 665 43048

Sheds constructed 60 24 4069

Sheds allotted 18 1284 4970

Units in production 534 513 23290

Units under construction -- 95 3274

Total investment in units (Rs. In Crore)

-- 4805 22155


8.8 DIRECTORATE OF HEALTH SERVICES

8.8.1 Introduction

The Directorate of Health Services (DHS) provide primary health care and family welfare services to the public at large and particularly to those living in rural areas. Various national programmes launched deliver primary health care services and help in developing rural health infrastructure. The stress was laid in health policy programmes implemented in providing preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative health care services through its CHCs/PHCs and District Hospitals. Maharashtra has one of the most extensive health systems in India as health care services are made available to the people at door steps and hence the State is considered as one of the best performing state in India in the matter of Health and Medical Care as it has achieved most of the targets set for the nation for the year 2002.

As far as infrastructure of health services is concerned, by the end of 200 1 there is a good network of 1768 Primary Health Centres, 9725 Sub Centres besides 1544 rural medical dispensaries and 1102 hospitals. Special clinics for implementation of various national programmes, such as, family welfare, TB, Leprosy, STD, AIDS, Malaria, Filaria, Control of Blindness, etc. provide health care services. A Medical Store Depot procures necessary medicines, drugs/equipment and machineries and distribute them to the hospitals/health centers under the control of DHS as per their requirements.

The implementation of all the national programmes, such as, Family Welfare, MCH, TB, Malaria and Other Vector Home Diseases, Leprosy, Control of Blindness and STD are headed by CMOs. The Institute of Nursing Education is headed by a Principal. The Primary Health and Community Health Centres are manned by Health Officers/Medical Officers and assisted by trained/qualified staff and para-medical staff. The sub-centers are looked after by Health Workers, while, RMDs are manned by Rural Medical Officer.

8.8.2 Achievement During 2000-2001 : The emphasis of the Public Health sector is on the consolidation of infra-structural facilities such as sub-centers, primary health centers and community health care centers, so as to reach health services to all comers of the state. More recently the emphasis has been given to mental health care. AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) control, cancer control and special health facilities in the tribal areas. The problems of malaria, gastro enteritis and other water born diseases are prevalent during monsoon season, particularly in tribal districts like Thane, Nashik, Dhule, Nandurbar, Amaravati and Gadchiroli. To control these and other diseases various programmes are being implemented in the state. By the end of 2001, there were Public and Government aided 1,102 hospitals, 1,544 dispensaries, 1,768 primary health centers and 9,725 sub-centers in the state implementing these programmes. These services have appreciably helped to improve the health standard of the people in the state, which is evident from the relatively low crude death rate (7.5) and low infant mortality rate (48) for the year 1999 for Maharashtra State as compared with the rates of 8.7 and 70, respectively for all India.

8.8.3 National Programmes

Family Welfare:

The main objective of the family welfare programme is to stabilize population and improve quality of life of the people. The effective implementation of population control programme has reflected in the relatively low birth rate of 21.0 in the state as compared with that of 25.8 for All India for the year 2000. The percentage of eligible couples effectively protected by the various family planning methods under the family welfare programme was 60.9 as observed in the National Family Health Survey of 1998 (NFHS-2) in the state as against 48.2 for All India. Out of the total eligible couples in the state, 52.2 percent were covered under the sterilization methods.

Pulse Polio Programme:

The WorId Health Organisation has aimed at making the world 'Polio Free'. As a part of this, the Health Department of the Government of India decided to

implement the pulse polio programme throughout the country. To eradicate polio throughout the country, in addition to the regular immunization programme, additional two oral doses of polio vaccine every year were administered to the children in the age group 0-5 years the years 1995-96 to 2001-02 except four doses during 1999-2000. During current year 2 additional doses to about 118 lakh children in the state were administered.

Special School Health Programme

Under this programme, medical check up of the students in standard 1 to IV is done every year. During the year 2000-01, such programme was taken up in November, 2000 and about 70 lakh students from 64,092 schools throughout the state were examined and primary treatment was given for minor illness and referral services were provided for major illness. An expenditure of Rs.2.31 crore is expected under this scheme during 2001-02.

Savitribai Phule Kanya Kalyan Scheme

As per the state's new population policy the scheme is modified with effect from 1st April, 2000. This scheme is applicable only for below poverty line families and having one or two daughters and no male child and accepting sterilization. This scheme is divided into two parts, under first part an incentive of Rs.10000 in the form of fixed deposit for 18 years in the name of daughter(s) is given to the couples with no male child accepting terminal method after one or two daughters. If beneficiaries couple has two daughters an amount of Rs.5000 will be provided for each daughters. Under 2nd part of the scheme an additional incentive of Rs.5,000 each for beneficiary daughter will be provided as a fixed deposit for five years who completes here schooling up-to Std. X and does not get married before 20 years of age

National AIDS Control Programme: The National AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) Control Project is a 100 per cent centrally sponsored scheme and is being implemented in the country with the assistance from the World Bank. In the phase-I the project was sanctioned for the period September, 1992 to March, 1999. The phase-II project is being implemented in the state (except Brihanmumbai) through the Maharashtra State

AIDS Control Society from April, 1999. The phase-II is also planned with World Bank assistance for a period 1999-2004.

During 2000-01 and 2001-02, the Maharashtra State AIDS Control Society (MSACS) received funds of Rs.8.53 crore and Rs.3 crore respectively. The Society has spent Rs.7.67 crore in 2000-01 and Rs.5.51 crore upto the end of December, 2001.

AIDS Control Programme for Brihanmumbai

Brihanmumbai, "Mumbai Districts AIDS Control Society (MDACS) was established in July, 1998 by Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Mumbai being the economic capital of India, has maximum inflow of diversified population with layers of complexities. It has huge floating population. Considering this factor HIV/AIDS has become vibrant serious issue in Mumbai. More than 50 per cent of cases in the country are reported from Maharashtra of which more than 50 percent are from Mumbai.

Since 1999-2000 Mumbai Districts AIDS Control Society received funds of Rs.23.37 crore. The Society has spent Rs.15.23 crore up-to the end of October, 2001. The MDACS is implementing this programme in collaboration with 13 NGOs at 13 different places in Brihanmumbai and has established 13 STDs centers and 16 Voluntary Test Centres for STDs. Similarly, MDACS has launched AIDS Awareness Campaign all over Brihanmumbai.

8.9 MUMBAI PORT TRUST

8.9.1 Structure and Functioning of the Department

Administrative Set-up:

The management and administration of the Mumbai Port Trust are carried out by the Chairman for and on behalf of the Board of Trustees constituted under the provisions of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963. The Chairman is

assisted by Deputy Chairman and Heads of Department.

For administrative convenience, working of the Port is divided broadly among the following departments. Each "Head of Department" who is appointed by the Ministry of Shipping, functions within the powers delegated to him under the provisions of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963.

General Administration Department:

The General Administration Department functions as a Secretariat of the Port Trust and its other functions and responsibilities, inter-alia include personnel matters, labour issues, management of legal matters, security affairs, public relations, watch and ward, estate, inter departmental co-ordination and assistance to the Chairman/Deputy Chairman in day-to-day matters regarding information, direction and policy.

Traffic Department

Traffic Department is headed by the Traffic Manager. This Department is responsible for all operations connected with landing, receipt, storage, delivery and shipment of goods and documentation relating thereto, embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, control of traffic in Port Area, an terminal railway operations.

Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering Department is headed by the Chief Engineer. This Department is responsible for all the Civil Engineering works being executed by the Port Trust. The duties of this department inter-alia comprise construction, maintenance and repairs of the quays/jetties, sheds, buildings, roads, railways, water supply drainage repairs, capital dredging and development of land acquired by the Port.

Finance Department

The Finance Department is headed by the Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts Officer. This Department is responsible for the preparation of budget estimates, investment of surplus funds, maintenance of accounts of income/expenditure, proposals involving finance, checking estimates for work, etc. Besides, the department arranges the internal audit of the various departments and carries out periodical verification of stores and inventories

Medical Department

The Medical Department is headed by the Chief Medical Officer. This Department looks after the Medical Services of the Port Trust

Mechanical Engineering Department

The Mechanical Engineering Department is headed by the Chief Mechanical Engineer. This Department looks after the operation and maintenance of Mechanical Ore Handling Plant, other cargo handling equipment and all other mechanical/electrical works of the port. This department is also responsible for acquisition, installation and maintenance of the Port crafts, locomotives, wagons, other items of machinery and automobiles. A fully equipped Mechanical/Electrical Workshop is maintained by this Department to cater to all the maintenance work.

Marine Department

The Marine Department is headed by the Deputy Conservator. This department is in-charge of all the navigation and marine conservancy services which include pilotage, berthing/un-berthing of vessels, marine surveys, salvaging operations, receiver of wreck, etc. The various crafts like mooring barge, tugs, survey/pilot launches, etc. are also manned and operated under this department. This department also carries out the maintenance dredging and is in-charge of the fire fighting and pollution control services and also communication services between ships and the Port.

Planning and Management Services Department:

This Department is headed by the Director. It is in-charge of the corporate planning, economic evaluation of future projects and plans, preparation of feasibility reports, and collection, compilation, analysis and maintenance of comprehensive data on traffic, shipping and utilization of port equipment and crafts, submission of management information, dissemination of information to Ministry and other agencies, traffic forecast, market surveys and trade promotion, Port's hinterland studies, inhouse training and human resources development, centralized record keeping system, library, information and publicity services.

Materials Management Department:

Headed by the Materials Manager, this Department is in-charge of procurement, stocking and inventory control of all the stores, materials, consumables required for Port Operations and maintenance including acquisition of spares for the Port's Mechanical Ore Handling Plant and floating crafts like, tugs, dredgers, launches, etc.

Cargo Handling Labour Department:

This Department is headed by the Chief Manager. The function of the Department is to ensure greater regularity of employment to dock workers and to ensure that an adequate number of dock workers is available for the efficient performance of dock work.

8.9.2 Accidents Occurred During 2001 :

Sr.

No.Causation

Fatal Non-Fatal

Port Non-Port Port Non-Port

Area Area Area Area

1 Striking against object

5

--

40

--

2 Falling of object -- --

3 Person falling -- --

4 Others -- --

Total 5 -- 40 --

Cargo Handled in lakh tones during 2000-01 and 2001-02 at MPT:

2001-02 2000-01

Coastal Cargo 81.3 88.2

Overseas Cargo 165.6 155.6

Total 246.9 243.8

8.10 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT TRUST

8.10.1 Structure and Functioning of the Department

Administrative Set-up:

The management and administration of the IN Port Trust are carried out by the Chairman for and on behalf of the Board of Trustees constituted under the provisions of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963. The Chairman is assisted by Deputy Chairman and Heads of Department.

For administrative convenience, working of the Port is divided broadly among the following departments. Each "Head of Department" who is appointed by the Ministry of Shipping, functions within the powers delegated to him under the provisions of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963

General Administration Department:

The General Administration Department functions as a Secretariat of the Port Trust headed by Chief Manager (Administration and Secretary) and its other functions and responsibilities, inter -alia include personnel matters, labour issues, management of legal matters, security affairs, public relations, watch and ward, estate, inter departmental co ordination and assistance to the Chairman/Deputy Chairman in day-to-day matters regarding information, direction and policy.

Traffic Department:

Traffic Department is headed by the Chief Manager (Operations). This Department is responsible for all operations connected with landing, receipt, storage, delivery and shipment of goods and documentation relating thereto, embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, control of traffic in Port Area, and terminal railway operations.

Civil Engineering Department:

Civil Engineering Department is headed by the Chief Manager (PPD). This Department is responsible for all the Civil Engineering works being executed by the Port Trust. The duties of this department inter-alia comprise construction, maintenance and repairs of the quays/jetties, sheds, buildings, roads, railways, water supply drainage repairs, capital dredging and development of land acquired by the Port.

Finance Department:

The Finance Department is headed by the Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts Officer. This Department is responsible for the preparation of budget estimates, investment of surplus funds, maintenance of accounts of income/expenditure, proposals involving finance, checking estimates for work, etc. Besides, the department arranges the internal audit of the various departments and carries out periodical verification of stores and inventories.

Medical Department:

The Medical Department is headed by the Chief Medical Officer. This Department looks after the Medical Services of the Port Trust.

Mechanical Engineering Department :

The Mechanical Engineering Department is headed by the Chief Manager (Operations). This Department looks after the operation and maintenance of Mechanical Ore Handling Plant, other cargo handling equipment and all other mechanical/electrical works. of the port. This department is also responsible for acquisition, installation and maintenance of the Port crafts, locomotives, wagons, other items of machinery and automobiles. A fully equipped Mechanical/Electrical Workshop is maintained by this Department to cater to all the maintenance work.

Marine Department:

The Marine Department is headed by the Deputy Conservator. This department is in-charge of all the navigation and marine conservancy services which include pilotage, berthing/un-berthing of vessels, marine surveys, salvaging operations, receiver of wreck, etc. The various crafts like mooring barge, tugs, survey/pilot launches, etc. are also manned and operated under this department. This department also carries out the maintenance dredging and is in-charge of the fire fighting and pollution control services and also communication services between

ships and the Port.

Planning and Management Services Department:

This Department is headed by the Chief Manager (PPD). It is in-charge of the corporate planning, economic evaluation of future projects and plans, preparation of feasibility reports, and collection, compilation, analysis and maintenance of comprehensive data on traffic, shipping and utilization of port equipment and crafts, submission of management information, dissemination of information to Ministry and other agencies, traffic forecast, market surveys and trade promotion, Port’s hinterland studies, in-house training and human resources development, centralized record keeping system, library, information and publicity services.

Materials Management Department:

Headed by the Chief Manager (Operations), this Department is in-charge of procurement, stocking and inventory control of all the stores, materials, consumables required for Port Operations and maintenance including acquisition of spares and floating crafts’ like, tugs, dredgers, launches, etc.

Cargo Handling Labour Department:

This Department is headed by the Chief Manager. The function of the Department is to ensure greater regularity of employment to dock workers and to ensure that an adequate number of dock workers is available for the efficient performance of dock work.

8.10.2 Cargo Handled at JNPT in lakh Tons:

2001-02 : 225

2000-01 : 186

8.10.3 Cargo handled at 48 minor ports in 2001-02 was 49.77 lakh tones as against 60.40 lakh tones during 2000-0 I.

8.11 DIRECTORATE GENERAL FACTORY ADVICE SERVICE AND LABOUR

INSTITUTES (DGFASLI)

8.11.1 Introduction:

The Directorate General of Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes (DGFASLI) formerly known as Chief Adviser of Factories was set up in 1945 in Delhi, with the objective of advising the Central and State Governments on administration of the Factories Act and liaisoning of factories inspection services in the States. The office was subsequently shifted to Mumbai in 1966.

DGFASLI achieved significant importance as an attached office of the Ministry of Labour, Government of India serving as a technical arm to assist the Ministry in formulation of National policies on Occupational Safety and Health in Factories and Docks.

The Dock Workers (Safety, Health and Welfare) Act 1986 and the Regulations 1990 provide for Safety, Health and Welfare of dock workers. These are enforced by the DGFASLI through the Inspectorates of Dock Safety set up in all the major ports in India.

8.11.2 Functions:

- Rendering advice and carrying out support research activities for the administration of the Factories Act. and the Dock Workers (Safety, Health and Welfare) Act ,1986.

- Co-ordinating technical and legal activities to facilitate uniform standards of enforcement of safety and health in manufacturing and port sectors.

- Administering the Dock Workers (Safety, Health & Welfare) Act, 1986 and Regulations framed there under and enforcing them in the major ports of the country.

- Educating and training employers and employees on matters relating to safety and health.

- Conducting promotional activities by operating schemes for recognition of good suggestions under Vishwakarma Rashtriya Puraskar and good safety performance under National Safety Awards on behalf of the Ministry.

- Co-operating with International Agencies like ILO, WHO, UNDP and advising the Central Government in adoption of the international standards concerning safety and health.

- Training of foreign nationals and rendering expert advice to developing countries.

- Building Competence of enforcement agencies.

- Issuing approval to flameproof electrical enclosures.

- Collecting and disseminating information and material relating to safety and health.

8.11.3 Organisation

DGFASLI organisation comprises of the headquarters, the 5 Labour

Institutes and 11 Inspectorates of Dock Safety.

- Headquarters situated in Mumbai

- Central Labour Institute in Mumbai

- Regional Labour Institutes in Kolkata, Chennai, Kanpur and Faridabad

- Inspectorates of Dock Safety at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Kandla, Mormugao, Tuticorin, New Mangalore, Cochin, Visakhapatnam, Paradip and Jawaharlal Nehru Port.

In 1959, the Central Labour Institute, Mumbai was established under UNDP Project as a socio-economic laboratory and as a national institute dealing with scientific study of all human aspects of industrial development. Subsequently, Regional Labour Institutes were established at Kolkata, Kanpur, Chennai and Faridabad to serve as Regional Centres.

The Labour Institutes are fully equipped with necessary laboratory facilities for conducting studies and surveys in the field of safety and health. The Institutes are also having conference facilities fully supported with modern audio-visual equipment. Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare Centres are also established at these Labour Institutes. Apart from this Mobile Safety Exhibition Van are also available for taking the massage of safety and health to the doorsteps of factories. Training Centres and Safety Exhibition Centre are also established in some of the inspectorates of dock safety.

The Regional Labour Institute at Faridabad is under construction. It is being operated from a rented premise.

8.11.4 Staff Strength

The organisation is headed by the Director General and assisted by three Deputy

Director Generals, two posted in Headquarters looking after Factory Advise Services and Dock Safety aspects; and one posted in Central Labour Institute. Each of the divisions at Headquarters and CLI and RLIs are headed by officers at the level of Director.

The manpower inventory of the organization as on Ist January, 2002 is 446 as against the sanctioned strength of 530, which include 182 Technical personnel in position as against the sanctioned strength of 231 and 264 Administrative personnel as against the sanctioned strength of 299. The posts at RLI, Faridabad are yet to be created.

8.12 NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION (NGO)

8.12.1 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL

Background:

The National Safety Council (NSC) was set up on the 4th March, 1966 by the Ministry of Labour through seven signatories

Objectives:

The overall objective of the NSC is to generate, develop and sustain a voluntary movement of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) at the national level.

Structure:

It is managed by a 51 Member Independent Board of Governors headed by Chairman who is nominated by the Government of India. The NSC has 14 Chapters, 27 Action Centres covering 21 States and one Union Territory.

Activities: The main activities of the NSC are

* Training: Specialised and In-plant

* Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

* Safety Audit, Awareness Survey and Consultancy Services

* NSCI Safety Awards

* Campaigns - National Safety Day/Week, Fire Services Week, World Environment Day

* Projects - National Safety Calendar, HSE Diary* Publications, etc.

8.12.2 CENTRAL BOARD FOR WORKERS EDUCATION

Organizational Set-Up: The Board has its headquarter at Nagpur. It operates through a network of 49 Regional Directorates and 9 Sub-Regional Directorates located in various parts of the country. There are four Zonal Directorates at Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai to monitor and supervise the training activities of the Regional Directorates in their respective zone. The Board carries out its activities at three levels, viz. National, Regional and Unit and conducts various training programmes. The national level programmes are conducted by the Boar's apex training Institute called Indian Institute of Workers Education established in 1970 at Mumbai. The primary aim of establishing the Indian Institute of Workers Education is to enable the Board to conduct national level training programmes for achieving its objectives, to develop stronger and more responsible trade unions, to promote the growth of democratic process in trade union organization and administration, to equip organized labour to take its place in a democratic society, to inculcate in them 'Nation First" approach based on community of interests. The Institute serves as a demonstration and information center and acts as a nucleus around which specialized schemes for training and education to labour are evolved. It also serves as a clearing-house of knowledge for Regional and Sub-Regional Directorates of the Board. It conducts research in developing and perfecting methods and tools of teaching for Indian Workers.

The Institute is designed to function as an inter-disciplinary training center. Also draws experiences of foreign countries in implementation of workers education programmes and adapts them to fit in the Indian environment. It serves as a laboratory where certain experiments in the attitudinal changes are carried out. Coverage: Board's training programmes cover workers of organized, unorganized, rural and informal sectors. Supervisory and managerial cadres are also covered through Joint Educational Programmes. High-level self-financing seminars are also organized for top-level executives and Trade Union leaders

8.12.3 LOSS PREVENTION ASSOCIATION OF INDIA LTD. (LPA)

Introduction: LPA is a non-profit organization having its headquarter at Mumbai and branch offices at New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kochi Employs a team of professionals from various technological fields to carry out its activities. Many of the services offered by LPA can be availed by its associate members only. Activities: Engaged in promoting safety and loss control through education, training, seminars, workshops and consultancy. The training programmes are designed for supervisory and managerial personnel. Disseminate information through its quarterly journal - Loss Prevention News and Road Safety Digest.

RESOURCES AVAILABLE AND NEEDED FOR MANAGEMENT OF

OSH

During the study, the team visited departments and organizations dealing with occupational safety and health in the manufacturing sector with a view to establish inventory of occupational safety and health information in the State of Maharashtra. The activities of these departments and resources available at their disposal were examined to determine the problems faced by the organizations in the matters of occupational safety and health and further resources needed in order to effectively manage occupational safety and health at the state level.

The scope of the study was limited to cover the organizations connected with safety and health at the state level. Occupational safety and health management at the unit level in the factories covered under the Factories Act was limited only to the information available in the annual returns and accident forms. Detailed analysis in the areas related to functioning of Safety Committees, availability of safety reports, creches, etc. as per the provisions of the Factories Act in each of the units was not undertaken as it was beyond the defined scope of this study. In order to identify these problems, more elaborate in- depth study is required to be taken up to get comprehensive information on management of occupational safety and health at unit level. The findings and recommendations, as brought out during the study of the data based on the year 2001, are summarized below: RECOMMENDATIONS 1) In the year 2001, in the state of Maharashtra, 177 fatal injuries and 9159

non-fatal injuries occurred. A District-wise annual action plan may be prepared by the DISH to reduce the high number of accidents.

2) All the field offices should be provided with computer and required software to keep the accident records, annual returns, etc. updated. Connectivity should be provided with the Head office of DISH and Statistical Cell of DGFASLI to facilitate keeping of updated records and its ready availability.

3) Emphasis should be laid on a system to develop on-line submission

of annual returns, notification of accidents, etc. by factories.

4) During the year 2001, there were 177 fatal accidents, out of which 32 persons died in explosion. Therefore, due consideration should be given for work environment monitoring, especially for the chemical industries.

5) The

second major cause of fatal accidents was 'persons falling' in which 28 persons died. Also due to this cause 1080 non-fatal accidents occurred. The industries may be advised to take adequate precautions for 'working at height' by providing personal protective equipment, toe guards and adequate training to the workers. Proper supervision of the workplace also should be ensured.

6) Third major cause of fatal accidents was fire in which 24 persons died. Adequate precautions for fire prevention should be taken in factories as required under the Maharashtra Factories Rule, 1963. Regular fire drills should be undertaken and records maintained.

7) Fourth major contributing factor of fatal accidents is by 'machinery moved by mechanical means in which 23 persons expired and 1613 injured. This reveals that adequate safety precautions were not taken to guard the moving parts. Another reason for above could be the change of job of these workers without proper training/retraining in the safety and health related aspect pertaining to their jobs. It is recommended that the need for training and retraining of workers in safety and health aspects at regular intervals, and also when there is a change in their job should be brought to the notice of the occupiers or managers. Further, the occupiers can also be directed to introduce a suggestion scheme/incentive scheme and other motivational tools for promoting safety and health at work place.

8) Almost 30% of non-fatal accidents were caused due to fall of persons, fall of object, stepping, striking and struck against and about 20% are due to caught in between objects. This may be due to bad housekeeping, improper work procedure, unsafe system of work, unsafe operating procedures, etc. It is recommended that the occupiers or the managers of the factories should be intimated about their statutory obligations for designing and implementing, maintaining good housekeeping, suitable work procedures, permits to work system and safe system of work. They should be advised to design work procedures in respect of all the jobs and the system. Monitoring implementation of procedure should also be emphasized upon and ensured.

9) Material handling, tools, implements, appliances used on the shop floor, machines and indoors are the major agencies causing accidents. It is, therefore, suggested that the occupiers/managers of the factories should be advised on:

i) design, maintenance and proper use of material handling equipmentii) safe use of tools, appliances and equipmentiii) adequate guarding of machinery, andiv) plant layout and housekeeping

10) The analysis of accidents with respect to the location of injuries reveals that maximum percentage of the bodily injury has occurred to Upper Limb Portion. The head, hands and foot are the body parts, which are frequently injured in accidents. This indicates that proper protection of these body parts is not ensured at workplace. Therefore the occupiers should be advised to provide appropriate personal protective equipment to their workers and ensure its proper use.

11) The Department of Health Services in the State has 1768 Primary Health Centres, 9725 Sub-centers besides 1544 Rural medical dispensaries and 1102 hospitals.

It is suggested that all medical practitioners in these hospitals should also be exposed/trained in occupational health. Their extensive training in the field of occupational health will improve their skills in early detection or diagnosis of occupational diseases and will help them in recommending suitable action to the workers and employers. By this way, the status of occupational health of the workers employed in factories could be improved.

12) Employees Insurance Medical Services Department in the State provides the medical services to the workers covered under the ESIC Act, 1948. The workers are referred to the hospitals for diagnosis and treatment.

It is suggested that a programme for close coordination between ESIC, ESI Hospitals (The Insurance Medical Services Department) and Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health should be prepared for early detection, diagnosis and prevention of occupational diseases. This will facilitate' taking appropriate preventive measures by the inspectors of factories in order to eliminate or control the causative working conditions in various factories. This will improve the status of occupational health of the working class in the long run.

13) The programme on control of fire incidents could be prepared in collaboration with

Fire Brigade Department, Industries Association and Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health. This programme should include, approval of fire fighting plans, formulation of mutual aid scheme and establishment of emergency response centers in various industrial pockets of the states.

14) In addition to what is being done by the non-governmental organizations, various employers association in the state should also take up the activities in the field of safety and health on a large scale. This should include organizing seminars and workshops, debates for senior executives from the industries and trade union leaders, etc. In these seminars and workshops the issues arising out of liberalization, globalization, modem manufacturing techniques and developments, new innovations in the field of manufacturing, etc. vis-a-vis their impact on safety, health and welfare of the workers should be discussed.

15) In order to promote safety, health and welfare of workers employed in factories, seminars and workshops should be organized for increasing the awareness level of union leaders in the field. The unit level union leaders should be involved in training and education of workers in the field of safety and health. In such programmes, more emphasis should be given on the role of union leaders in promotion of safety and health at the workplace. The trade union leaders may be sponsored by the units to attend safety and health training programmes conducted by reputed organizations, like the Central Labour Institute, Mumbai. The Central Board of Workers Education may also arrange such programmes for trade union leaders.

16) While collecting the statistics regarding the factories as well as accidents, it was found by the study team that although the factories were submitting the annual returns in the prescribed format to the DISH in time, but due to shortage of manpower and facilities, the collected information could not be processed and the trends regarding various parameters on occupational safety and health could not be established.

It is, therefore, suggested that all field level officers should be equipped with suitable computer facilities and adequate manpower for quick flow of information. Full-time statistical staff may be appointed to maintain the records of annual returns properly. This arrangement will also improve the communication among the offices of the DISH leading to effective implementation of the orders issued under the provisions of the Factories Act. This will improve the communication

with other Labour Departments/ Offices and DGFASLI.

17) In order to review the status of safety, health and welfare in the factories and formulate action plan on the basis of findings, time to time, a tripartite state level committee on Occupational Safety and Health should be constituted under the Chairmanship of the Labour Minister. In this committee, representatives of Government Departments connected with factories and labour, representatives of employers' and employees' can be included. This is also in line with the recommendations made by the Standing Labour Committee to the Indian Labour Conference.

18) A web-site of the DISH may be opened for giving details of various requirements of industries, NGOs and public. Facilities to download the information, forms may be provided.

19) More than 500 factories required preparation of Safety Policy. They may be advised to comply the requirement at an early date.

20) Safety Committees are yet to be constituted in more than 500 factories. They may be persuaded to comply the requirement.

21) It has been observed 72 MAH units are yet to prepare On-Site Emergency Plan. These MAH units may be advised and persuaded to prepare the On-Site Emergency Plan as per legal requirement.

ANNEXURE safty

Documents

veterinary work c work

work process

substances diseases

toxic compounds

skin diseases

laboratory work b

parastic diseases

benzene poisoning