Annexation Unit 6: Ch. 12, Sect. 4 Title: Texas Becomes A State Title: Texas Becomes A State Main Idea: Efforts for Texas annexation were given a boost.

AnnexationAnnexationUnit 6: Ch. 12, Sect. 4Unit 6: Ch. 12, Sect. 4

Title:Title: Texas Becomes A Texas Becomes A StateState

Main Idea: Main Idea: Efforts for Efforts for Texas annexation were Texas annexation were given a boost by the given a boost by the changing political changing political atmosphere in the United atmosphere in the United States.States.

Key Terms: Key Terms: manifest manifest destiny, joint resolutiondestiny, joint resolution

Key People:Key People: Mary Mary Maverick, James K. Polk, Maverick, James K. Polk, Henry Clay, Anson JonesHenry Clay, Anson Jones

Life in the Republic of TexasLife in the Republic of Texas

Mary MaverickMary Maverick, and her , and her husband Samuel, husband Samuel, established a large ranch established a large ranch near the San Antonio area. near the San Antonio area.

She recorded her daily life She recorded her daily life in diaries and journals in diaries and journals between the days of the between the days of the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Texas and the Civil War. She worked Civil War. She worked hard making sure the hard making sure the history of Texas was history of Texas was preserved.preserved.

Mary Maverick and Family

Mary MaverickMary Maverick ““This year our slaves plowed and planted above the This year our slaves plowed and planted above the

Alamo and were attacked by Indians. In November, a Alamo and were attacked by Indians. In November, a party of ladies and gentlemen from Houston came to party of ladies and gentlemen from Houston came to visit San Antonio—they rode on horseback. They visit San Antonio—they rode on horseback. They were, ladies and all, armed with pistols and bowie were, ladies and all, armed with pistols and bowie knives. I rode with this party around the head of the knives. I rode with this party around the head of the San Antonio River. We galloped home, and doubted San Antonio River. We galloped home, and doubted not that Indians watched us from the heavy timber of not that Indians watched us from the heavy timber of the river bottom. The gentlemen of the party the river bottom. The gentlemen of the party numbered six, and were all mounted on fine animals.” numbered six, and were all mounted on fine animals.” – from – from Memoirs of Mary A. MaverickMemoirs of Mary A. Maverick, published in , published in 19211921

Freedoms and Slavery in the Freedoms and Slavery in the Republic of TexasRepublic of Texas

The establishment of the The establishment of the Republic of Texas was based Republic of Texas was based on freedoms most Texans had on freedoms most Texans had when they lived in the United when they lived in the United States. This meant that they States. This meant that they would not live under a would not live under a dictatorship (political) and their dictatorship (political) and their civil liberties (civil/religious) like civil liberties (civil/religious) like speech, religion, press, and speech, religion, press, and assembly would be protected assembly would be protected under a constitution. under a constitution.

Slavery was legalized, and free Slavery was legalized, and free slaves had to get an act of slaves had to get an act of Congress to remain legal in Congress to remain legal in Texas. Texas.

The Texas QuestionThe Texas Question

Throughout the years of the Throughout the years of the Republic, most Texans still Republic, most Texans still wanted Texas to join the wanted Texas to join the U.S.A. U.S.A.

By Houston’s second term, By Houston’s second term, the the “Texas Question” “Texas Question” became an important issue became an important issue in American politics. in American politics.

Some Americans were Some Americans were against annexing Texas against annexing Texas because it would benefit because it would benefit slave owners and might slave owners and might cause war with Mexico. cause war with Mexico.

Annexation Treaty of 1844Annexation Treaty of 1844 By April 1844, the U.S.A. and By April 1844, the U.S.A. and

Texas signed a treaty that Texas signed a treaty that would make Texas a territory of would make Texas a territory of the U.S.A. Texas would also the U.S.A. Texas would also give all its public lands in give all its public lands in exchange for the U.S.A. to pay exchange for the U.S.A. to pay all its debts. all its debts.

Most Texans were surprised Most Texans were surprised when the U.S. Senate rejected when the U.S. Senate rejected the treaty by a vote of 35 to 16. the treaty by a vote of 35 to 16.

Most senators opposed it Most senators opposed it because Texas would enter the because Texas would enter the U.S. as a slave state and give U.S. as a slave state and give the South an advantage in the the South an advantage in the Senate (i.e. South > North). Senate (i.e. South > North).

Polk Wins the U.S. ElectionPolk Wins the U.S. Election

In the U.S. presidential In the U.S. presidential election of 1844, election of 1844, James K. James K. PolkPolk of the Democratic of the Democratic Party narrowly defeated Party narrowly defeated Henry ClayHenry Clay from the Whig from the Whig Party. Party.

Polk heavily favored Polk heavily favored annexation of Texas. annexation of Texas.

Polk and most Americans Polk and most Americans believed the U.S.A. was believed the U.S.A. was destined to expand from the destined to expand from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast—coast—manifest destinymanifest destiny..

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

How did Texas become a State? How did Texas become a State? (3 steps)(3 steps)

1.1. First, the U.S. Congress proposed that Texas be First, the U.S. Congress proposed that Texas be annexed by annexed by joint resolutionjoint resolution, a resolution passed , a resolution passed by both houses of Congress that has the force of by both houses of Congress that has the force of law and a simple majority of each house (instead law and a simple majority of each house (instead of two-thirds majority vote required by the Senate of two-thirds majority vote required by the Senate to approve a treaty).to approve a treaty).

Congress passed this on February 28, 1845.Congress passed this on February 28, 1845. The The joint resolution joint resolution provided for immediate provided for immediate

statehood, bypassing the time Texas would be statehood, bypassing the time Texas would be a territory.a territory.

U.S. Capitol BuildingU.S. Capitol Building

Mexico Offers RecognitionMexico Offers Recognition France and Great Britain France and Great Britain

preferred Texas stay an preferred Texas stay an independent nation, rather independent nation, rather than joining the U.S.A. than joining the U.S.A.

They tried to convince Mexico They tried to convince Mexico to recognize Texas so the to recognize Texas so the annexation wouldn’t happen. annexation wouldn’t happen.

In May 1845, Mexico offered to In May 1845, Mexico offered to recognize Texas on 1 recognize Texas on 1 condition – Texas must reject condition – Texas must reject annexation by the USA. annexation by the USA.

Texas rejected the proposal Texas rejected the proposal and voted to approve and voted to approve annexation by the U.S.A. annexation by the U.S.A.

How did Texas become a State? How did Texas become a State? (3 steps)(3 steps)

2.2. Second, Anson Jones, president of Texas in Second, Anson Jones, president of Texas in 1844, called a special session of the Texas 1844, called a special session of the Texas Congress to consider and vote for annexation. Congress to consider and vote for annexation.

The Texas congress approved annexation on The Texas congress approved annexation on October 13, 1845. October 13, 1845.

They also wrote a new state constitution. They also wrote a new state constitution.

3.3. Third, on December 29, 1845, U.S. President Third, on December 29, 1845, U.S. President Polk signed the resolution that made Texas a Polk signed the resolution that made Texas a state. state.

Texas Capitol BuildingTexas Capitol Building

““The Republic of Texas is No More!”The Republic of Texas is No More!”

On February 19, 1846, On February 19, 1846, Anson JonesAnson Jones, the last , the last president of the Republic, president of the Republic, turned the government over turned the government over to Jto J. Pinckney Henderson. Pinckney Henderson, , the first governor of the the first governor of the state of Texas. state of Texas.

The Lone Star flag was The Lone Star flag was lowered, and the Stars and lowered, and the Stars and Stripes flag was raised. Stripes flag was raised.

Texas ceremonially became Texas ceremonially became the 28the 28thth state in the United state in the United States of America. States of America. Anson Jones

Texas Becomes a StateTexas Becomes a State