The wellbeing agenda for Children and young people: Embracing Sexual health Dr Ann Hoskins Deputy Regional Director of Public Health / Acting Director of Children and Young People NHS North West
The wellbeing agenda for Children and young people:
Embracing Sexual health
Dr Ann HoskinsDeputy Regional Director of Public Health /
Acting Director of Children and Young PeopleNHS North West
Helping children and young people to lead healthy lives
• Tackling inequalities in childhood is the most cost effective intervention for reducing health inequalities in childhood and later life
• Poverty, deprivation or poor parenting can reduce life expectancy, lead to poor mental health and increase demands on key services
• People’s lifestyle patterns are often set in early life – e.g. smoking, obesity, physical activity
• Children from the poorest families are more likely to be killed as a result of unintentional injuries
Promoting wellbeing
‘while there are more opportunities
for families and children now than
ever before, parents say they sometimes find it difficult to cope with the rapidly
changing world.’
Promoting wellbeing
• Parents and families need support and backing to fulfil their role
• All children have the potential to succeed and should go as far as their talents will take them
• Children and young people need to enjoy their childhood as well as being prepared for adult life
• Services need to be shaped and responsive to need not designed around boundaries
• It is always better to prevent failure rather than tackle crisis
* Adapted from DFCSF Children’s Plan – Building a
brighter Future 2007
A duty of wellbeing
• Schools in England and Wales will be required to promote children’s well-being under an amendment to the Education and Inspections Bill.
• The change will place a statutory obligation on school governing bodies to help improve pupils’ physical, mental, emotional and social well-being, as well as their educational attainment. Schools will also be required to play their part in protecting children from harm and neglect, and steering them towards positive activities and away from antisocial behaviour.
Sexual health – risk taking?• There is growing concern regarding the youth of
today, particularly with regard to their behaviour and health risks (Sharland 2006).
• Reports regarding antisocial behaviour and engagement in illegal risky activities appear to be reported by the media and seized upon up by the public with alarming regularity (Sharland 2006).
• Aside to the legality of risk taking behaviours, the potential health impacts for our future citizens are constantly highlighted in terms of engaging in unprotected sexual activity, smoking and binge drinking.
• Parents would seem to be absolving their responsibilities in terms of control and providing clear boundaries (Guardian 2006).
• Wellings et al (2001) suggests, the most vulnerable young people would seem more likely to engage in risky lifestyles, are then we failing as a society?
Sexual health
• Unicef report records that out of 21 countries, the United Kingdom is at the bottom of the league table for child well-being.
• Specifically, children in the UK had the highest incidence of risk-taking behaviour: more have had sexual intercourse by the age of 15 than in any other country, more have been drunk two or more times aged between 11,13 and 15 than in any other country, and they are the third highest users of cannabis
Child Poverty in Perspective: An Overview of Child
Well-Being in Rich Countries, Innocenti Report Card 7, Unicef
Embracing positive sexual healththrough youth participation
• Young people do not take risks, they ‘experiment and explore’.• The risks to young people's health can never be reduced to zero,
we can provide advice, guidance and support to help lower risks and promote positive sexual health
• Joint action is needed from governments, civil society, international agencies, parents and young people, in order to protect young people and help them protect themselves.
Health and risk behaviours are influenced at three inter-
dependent levels
Levers;
Children & Young PeopleChildren & Young PeopleChildren & Young People
NATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Be Healthy Enjoy & AchieveMake a Positive
Contribution
Physicallyhealthy
Mentally &emotionally
healthy
Sexuallyhealthy
Healthylifestyles
Choose notto take illegal
drugs
Ready forschool
Attend &enjoy school
Achieveeducationalstandards at
primaryschool
Achievepersonal &
socialdevelopment
& enjoyrecreation
Achieveeducationalstandards atsecondary
school
Engage indecision
making andsupport the
community &environment
Engage inlaw-abiding &
positivebehaviour inand out of
school
Developpositive
relationshipsand choose
not to bully &discriminate
Develop self-confidence &successfully
deal withsignificant life
changes &challenges
Developenterprisingbehaviour
ECM:CfC OUTCOMES FRAMEWORK
Infantmortality rate
(DH PSA)
% obese U11(DfES/DH/
DCMS PSA)
Death ratefrom suicide
andundetermined
injury (DH)
Improvementin access to
CAMHS (DH)
U18conceptionrate (DfES/DH PSA)
Diagnosticrate of newepisodes ofSTIs amongU16 & 16-19yo (DH)
Averagealcohol
consumption(DH)
% childrenwho areregular
smokers (DH)
% childrenconsuming 5portions of
fruit & veg aday (DH)
NATIONAL INSPECTION & ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK
Harm causedby illegal
drugs (HOPSA)
Average leveldevelopmentreached at
the end of thefoundation
stage (DfESPSA)
Half daysmissedthroughabsence
(DfES PSA)
% 7yoachieving
L2+ at KS1(DfES)
% 11yoachieving
L4+ in Eng &Maths (DfES
PSA)
Educationalachievementof 11yo LACcomparedwith peers
(DfES)
% children insecondary
schoolsparticipating
in(a) election of
school /collegecouncil
members(b) mock
generalelections(DfES)
Voluntary andcommunity
engagement(HO)
Reduce crime(HO/CJS)
Crimesbrought to
justice (CJS)
Permanent &fixed periodexclusions
(DfES)
% 10-19yoadmitting to
(a) bullyinganother pupilin last 12months(b) attacking,threatening orbeing rudedue to skincolour, raceor religion
(HO)
Measure tobe identified
fromChildren’sPerception
Survey(Inspectorates)
Take-up ofsporting
opportunitiesby 5-16yo
(DfES/DCMSPSA)
Take-up ofcultural &sporting
opportunitiesamong >16yo(DCMS PSA)
% 14yoachieving
L5+ in Eng,Maths, Sci &ICT (DfES
PSA)
% 16yoachieving theequivalent of5 A*-C GCSE(DfES PSA)
Educationalachievementof 16yo LACcomparedwith peers
(DfES)
% 18-24yowho are self-
employed,manage ownbusiness or
have thoughtseriously
about startingtheir ownbusiness
(DTI)
Schools andother providershelp children/young peopleunderstand
rights/responsibility.
Children/youngpeople are
supported inmaking theirvoices heardon decisionswhich affect
them
Services helpchildren and
young peopleto join in, try
hard and fulfiltheir potential
Children/young people
haveopportunitiesto contribute,
take decisionsand to run
activities forthemselves
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
Parents have access to advice and support to help them keep their children healthyThe health of children and young people is assessed and specific needs are identified
at an early stage.Appropriate services are available to meet the health needs of children and young
people.Healthcare services are child-friendly and access is timely and easy.
Schools and other settings enable children and young people to learn about healthyliving and build their self-esteem.
Parents/carers are helped to be productively involved in their children'seducation
Schools enable all learners to make good progress in their learning andpersonal development.
Children and young people who are out of school have access to alternativeprovision which helps them meet their potential and return to school.
TBD TBD TBD
TBD
For copies please contact Kevin Yong, PPD, DfES (0207 925 6492)
Schools andother settings
help toensure thatchildren andyoung people
are wellnourishedand active
A range ofadditionalactivities
(including play,informalleisure
opportunities,the arts, sports
and outdooractivities) is
available, andparticipation is
high andbrings benefits
Serviceswork together
to promoteresponsiblebehaviour in
neighbourhoods andreduce
offending
Parents, carers & families promote positive behaviourParents, carers & families support learningParents, carers & families promote healthy choices
Children and young people know how to find information and help when theyneed to.
Support helps children and young people to deal with significant changes intheir lives
TBD
Children andyoung peopleat risk of poor
schoolattendance orexclusion aresupported to
stay ineducation or
training
The provisionof day-care,
education andtraining meets
needs
Early yearsprovision helpschildren meetearly learning
goals andprepares them
well to startschool
Every Child Matters
Children & Young People
Stay Safe
Safe fromaccidental
injury & death
Safe frommaltreatment,
neglect,violence &
sexualexploitation
Safe frombullying &
discrimination
Safe fromcrime & anti-
socialbehaviour inand out of
school
Havesecurity,
stability andare cared for
Number of 0-15yo injuredor killed inroad trafficaccidents(DfT PSA)
Re-registrations
on ChildProtectionRegister(DfES)
% 11-15yowho statethey have
been bulliedin last 12months
(DWP / DfES)
Fear of crimeand anti-
socialbehaviour(HO/CJS/CPS PSA)
% U16looked afterfor >2½ yrs
living in sameplacement for
>2 yrs orplaced foradoption
(DfES PSA)
% care casescompleted in
the courtswithin 40 wks(DCA PSA)
Schools andother settingstake steps tosafeguard the
welfare ofchildren,includingprotectingthem from
bullying andharassment
Action onyouth
offendingprotects thepublic andrestorespositive
attitudes andbehaviour
TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD
TBD
Preventative action helps families protect children from neglect and harmNeighbourhoods are kept safe for children and young people.
People who work with children and young people are vetted and have relevantexperience, skills and training.
Appropriate information is held and shared about children so that their needs areidentified and services are provided so that they do not fall through the net.
Agencieswork togetherto secure theprotection ofchildren from
abuse orneglect
Parents, carers & families provide safe homes & stability
Children & Young People
Achieve EconomicWell-being
Engage infurther
education,employmentor training on
leavingschool
Ready foremployment
Live in decenthomes &
communities
Access totransport &
materialgoods
Live inhouseholds
free from lowincome
% 16-18yonot in
education,employmentand training(DfES PSA)
% 19yoachieving
L2+ in NVQ 2or equivalent(DfES PSA)
% 18-30yoparticipating
in highereducation
(DfES PSA)
% socialhousing &vulnerable
households inthe privatesector in a
decentcondition
(ODPM PSA)
Cleaner, safer& greener
public spaces,and quality of
the builtenvironment indeprived areas(ODPM PSA)
Level ofmaterial
deprivation &low income
(DWP / HMT)
% childrenliving in
relative low-income
households(DWP/HMT
PSA)
Stock andtake-up ofchildcare
(DfES/DWPPSA)
Support forfamilies and
young peoplewho need itgives themaccess to
decenthomes
TBD TBD TBD TBD
High-quality day-care is available to meet the needs of parents in work orseeking work
Effective action enables disadvantaged neighbourhoods to define and meettheir needs
TBD
TBD
Local actionhelps tosecure
opportunitiesfor
employmentfor young
people
Young peopleare
encouragedand supported
to remain ineducation ortraining after16 and theyachieve well
Parents, carers & families are supported to be economically active
Services helpyoung people
gain theknowledge,skills andattitudes
needed forenterprise
andemployment
OUTCOMES
AIMS
DATA
OUTCOMES
STANDARDS
&
CRITERIA
TARGETS
&
INDICATORS
SUPPORT
There are 26 PSA targets in total, with the PSAfor Looked After Children split into its 3component parts, and 13 other key indicators
Version 0.412 October 2004
This replaces all other previous versions
Author: Leigh Sandals, PPD, DfES
APA
Children’s Plans
Priority meetings
Local Area agreements
Inspection Frameworks
Commissioning Frameworks
National and regional tiers
Operating Framework
Joint Needs Assessment
You’re Welcome
Realising potential;
• A focus on improvement rather than performance management
• Service improvement should be nurtured if it is to be sustained!
• Effective, transparent communication, with aligned goals.
• Investment in leaders to release potential and aim higher!
Key Organisational qualities;
Effective management
Embracing learning
opportunities
Sharedbeliefs
and values
Drive for improvement
Integrity
Adapted from – NHS Leadership Qualities Framework 2002
The challenges:• Tackling teen conceptions• Termination rates• Repeat conceptions• Access to contraception • Health inequalities • Workforce development
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15
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25
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45
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1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
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Quarterly rate
Rolling average
Embracing Sexual health• Determining identity within an adult world may prove to be troublesome for
young people, particularly given the contrasting and conflicting expectations and media images of young people.
• Images of children and young people can sway from being portrayed victims to villains, on one hand drug taking, drinking, violence, yet on the other hand neglected, abused and let down by society (Franklin 2002).
• During these challenging times young people would undoubtedly benefit from stability, security and consistency, unfortunately some young people may grow up families or in the care system with no clear guidelines as to what is appropriate behaviour.
• It could argued that young people are not taking risks but experimenting in preparation for adulthood, whilst acknowledging for other vulnerable groups risk taking not so much a choice but an escape from their insecurities
• Perhaps there needs to be a more balanced focus on the pleasures as well as the dangers of risk-taking and links to alternative ways of enhancing self-identity such as sport, volunteering and work experiences.. ……………