Annals of West University of Timisoara Series Chemistry 17 (1) (2008) 97-102 97 A SPECTS R EGARDING THE P OLLUTION OF A GRICULTURAL L ANDS FROM B ANAT WITH P ETROLEUM H YDROCARBONS I. Zisu a , Gh. Ianoş b a West University of Timişoara, Chemistry-Biology-Geography Faculty, Chemistry Department, 16, Pestalozzi Street , Timişoara, 300115, ROMANIA [email protected]b West University of Timişoara, Chemistry-Biology-Geography Faculty, Geography Department, 16, Pestalozzi Street , Timişoara, 300115, ROMANIA [email protected]Received: 17 June 2008 Modified: 19 June 2008 Accepted: 25 June 2008 SUMMARY The main cause of the pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons of agricultural lands from Banat is represented by the industrial activity of extraction and processing of petroleum from this area. The contamination of soils leads to the reduction of their quality state, manifested through the decrease of bio-productivity. On a national level, approximately 50000 hectare of land are polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons and in Banat the surfaces contaminated with this kind of compounds surpass 200 hectare. The majority of polluted lands are out of the agricultural circuit. Keywords: petroleum hydrocarbons, pollution, agricultural land, Banat. INTRODUCTION The main cause of the soil pollution with hydrocarbons of petroleum origin, at Banat level as well as at the national one, is represented by the industry of extraction and processing of petroleum. Cotigaru et al. [1] specify that the man is responsible for the lost of 5x10 10 tons of petroleum as a result of oil extractive activity. From this quantity of oil a big part, meaning 1,7x10 7 ton, gets into soil. Hydrocarbons form an impermeable film on the soil surface preventing water circulation and the exchange of gases, which leads to the plant roots suffocation and favor the reduction processes. While the anaerobic environment is developing, the number of bacterium in the sol decreases, and in the same time their metabolic activity reduces too.
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Annals of West University of Timisoara · [email protected] Received: 17 June 2008 Modified: 19 June 2008 Accepted: 25 June 2008 SUMMARY The main cause of the pollution with petroleum
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Annals of West University of Timisoara
Ser ies Chem is t ry 17 (1 ) (2008) 97 -102
97
ASPECTS REGARDING THE POLLUTION OF
AGRICULTURAL LANDS FROM BANAT WITH
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
I . Z isu aaaa , Gh . Ianoş bbbb aWest University of Timişoara, Chemistry-Biology-Geography Faculty, Chemistry Department, 16, Pestalozzi Street , Timişoara, 300115, ROMANIA [email protected] bWest University of Timişoara, Chemistry-Biology-Geography Faculty, Geography Department, 16, Pestalozzi Street , Timişoara, 300115, ROMANIA [email protected]
Received: 17 June 2008 Modified: 19 June 2008 Accepted: 25 June 2008
SUMMARY
The main cause of the pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons of agricultural lands
from Banat is represented by the industrial activity of extraction and processing of
petroleum from this area. The contamination of soils leads to the reduction of their quality
state, manifested through the decrease of bio-productivity. On a national level,
approximately 50000 hectare of land are polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons and in
Banat the surfaces contaminated with this kind of compounds surpass 200 hectare. The
majority of polluted lands are out of the agricultural circuit.
The reduction of extraction activity in the last years determined a decrease of
polluted areas and also a very slow decontamination of anterior affected areas.
POLLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS FROM BANAT WITH PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
101
According to the information provided by the Research Institute for Soil Science
and Agrochemistry Bucharest (ICPA), in our country there are approximately 50000 hectare
of land affected by the pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons most of them representing
agricultural surfaces. At the end of the 20th century approximately 3380 hectare polluted
with oil have been registered from which 2850 hectare agricultural lands completely out of
production. Most of these affected lands can be found around oil wells and along petroleum
products transport pipes [9].
Figure 1: Main types and subtypes of Banat soils and the sites polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons
The state of quality and the productive potential of agricultural lands (classes of productivity):
I – 100-80; II – 80-60; III – 60-40; IV – 40-20; V – 20-0
Z I S U I . , I A N O Ş G .
102
In Banat, the surface affected by pollution with hydrocarbons of petroleum origin
is approximately 203,6 hectare of which 194,7 hectare have been effectively removed out of
agricultural circuit as a result of depot and station of gasoline reduction positioning (80
hectare), of oil wells (83,4 hectare), roads of access (76,3 hectare) [10] (Figure 1). Without
the up mentioned perimeters, small areas have been identified, of 10-50 m2, in the perimeter
of about 15 localities, around wells, around oil parks or on the range of transport pipes
(Table IV) where, the negligence or accidents contributed to total or partial pollution of
about 8,9 hectare of agricultural lands [7]. The largest surfaces with high degree of
pollution, as a result of petroleum hydrocarbons infiltration in soil, can be found in north-
western part of Banat, in the perimeter between the localities Variaş, Sat Chinez, Biled and Gotlob.
In this area are affected soils which register in the highest class of agricultural productivity.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The main cause of Banat agricultural surfaces pollution with petroleum
hydrocarbons is represented by the extractive and processing industry of petroleum.
2. The most serious consequence of soil pollution with hydrocarbons is the qualitative
and quantitative reduction of agricultural production.
3. In Banat, pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons can be register on a surface of
over 200 hectare, affecting mostly soils with the biggest agricultural productivity
from the north-western part of the region.
4. A reduction of polluted surfaces can be seen, in the last years, as a result of the
decrease of extractive activity in the area.
REFERENCES
1. Cotigaru B., Mihăiţă M., Petrescu V., Ţigănescu D., Necesitate şi responsabilitate – modelul dezvoltării economico-sociale durabile între cunoaştere şi realizare, Orizont XXI, ASE, AGIR, Facultatea de Îmbunătăţiri Funciare şi Ingineria Mediului şi Fundaţia Internaţională Sănătate, Mediu, Dezvoltare Durabilă, Bucureşti, 1996, p.87
2. Dumitru M., Toti M., Ceauşu C., Constantin C., Voiculescu A. R., Căpitanu V., Pîrvulescu E., Popa D., „Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils”, Ştiinţa solului, XXXII(1-2) (1998), 163-175
3. Cristu A. A., Eficienţa economică şi protecţia mediului pe exemplu industriei petrolului, Editura A.S.E., Bucureşti, 2005, p. 113-114.
4. White R.E., Principles and Practice of Soil Science. The Soil as a Natural Resource, IVth edition, Blackwell Publishing, Padstow, 2006, p. 333-335.
5. Răuţă C., Cîrstea S., Prevenirea şi combaterea poluării solului, Editura Ceres, Bucureşti, 1983, p. 47-51 6. Bower C. A., Reitemeier R. F., Fireman M., “Exchangeable cation analysis of saline and alkali
soils”, Soils Science, 73 (1952) 251-261. 7. Ianoş G., Riscuri naturale şi tehnogene pe terenurile agricole ale Banatului, Editura Universităţii
de Vest, Timişoara, 2006, p.181-182. 8. Toti M., Constantin C., Drăcea M., Căpitanu V., Damian M., „Some aspects concerning the oil
pollution and brine in Romanian soils”, Ştiinţa solului, XXXII(1-2), (1998) 177-187 9. Toti M., Căpitanu V., Constantin C., Drăcea M. (1997), “Poluarea cu petrol şi apă sărată în
România. Repartiţia suprafeţelor poluate pe grade de mişcare, pe schele petroliere, pe judeţe şi pe ţară”, Public. SNRSS, (29B), p. 250-257.
10. Ţimbota I., Ianoş G. (1992), Contribuţii la cunoaşterea poluării solurilor cu reziduuri petroliere, Arhiva OSPA Timişoara, manuscris.