Animation

ANIMATION

DEFINATION

Animation can be defined as the creation of moving pictures one frame at a time.

It is derived from the word “Anime“ Which means Life. It is said that animation makes static presentation come alive.

Animation can be used in multimedia

projects and web pages.

Principles of Animation

Biological Phenomenon Persistence Of Vision

Pscyhological Phenomenon Phi

When images are progressively and rapidly changed the images is percieved to be moving

In this figure u see few cell or frame of a rotating logo . When the images are rapidly changed the arrow of the compass is percieved to be spining.

2D Animation

2D Animation are simple and static they do not change their posistion on screen

The changes occur in the x and y axes of the screen

2D techniques tends to focus on image manipulation

Eg: A Blinking Word or Color Cycling Logo

An 2D Image

2 ½-D Animation

It is an technique which cause a series of images or scenes to fake or appear to be 3Dwhen in fact they are not

For eg: 3-d effects for text and images

3D Animation

Realistic Animation Occur in 3D(i.e 3 dimensional space)

3D Animation usally build an virtual world in

which characters and objects move and interact with each other

3D Animation can create images that seem real to the viewer

Here changes are calculated along all three axes(x,y,z)

3D Images

3D Movies

Cel Animation

Cel Animation The term cel derives from the clear celluloid sheets that were

used for drawing each frame, which have been replaced today by acetate or plastic.

Cel animation artwork begins with keyframes (the first and last frame of an action.)

The animation techniques made famous by Disney use a series of progressively different on each frame of movie film which plays at 24 frames per second.

A minute of animation may thus require as many as 1,440 separate frames.

Cel animation artwork begins with keyframes.  

Animation File Formats

Director(.dir and .dcr) AnimatorPro(.fli and .flc) 3D studio Max(.Max) GIF89a(.gif) Flash(.fla and .swf)

COMPUTER ANIMATION

Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images by using computer graphics.

The primary difference among animation software programs is in how much must be drawn by the animator and how much is automatically generated by the Software.

Computer Animation

In path-based 2-D and 2½-D animation, an animator simply creates an object (or imports an object as clip art) and describes a path for the object to follow. The computer software then takes over, actually creating the animation on the fly as the program is being viewed by your user. In cel-based 2-D animation, each frame of an animation is provided by the animator, and the frames are then composited into a single file of images to be played in sequence.

The rate at which changes are computed and screens are actually refreshed will depend on the speed and power of your user’s display platform and hardware

Computer AnimationKinematics :Kinematics is the study of the movement and motion of structures that have joints, such as a walking man.For example : Animating a walking step is tricky: you need to calculate the position, rotation, velocity, and acceleration of all the joints and articulated parts involved—kneesbend, hips flex, shoulders swing, and the head bobs.

Forward kinematics :Forward kinematic animation is that the positions of particular parts of the model at a specified time are calculated from the position and orientation of the object, together with any information on the joints of an articulated model.For eg : From the amounts of rotation and bending of each joint in an arm ,the position of the hand can be calculated.

Inverse kinematics :

In inverse kinematics the orientation of articulated parts is calculated from the desired position of certain points on the model.

For example :If the hand is moved, the rotation and bending of the arm is calculated, in accordance with the length and joint properties of each section of the arm.

Computer Animation

Computer Animation

For example:

2-D celbased animated GIFs allow you to specify how long each frame is to be displayed and how many times the animation should loop before stopping. 3-D animations output as digital video files can be set to run at 15 or 24 or 30 frames per second.

The smaller the object in path-based 2-D animation, the faster it can move. Bouncing a 10 pixel diameter tennis ball on your screen provides far snappier motion than bouncing a 150-pixel-diameter beach ball.

Computer AnimationMorphing :

Morphing is a popular effect in which one image transforms into another. Morphing applications and other modeling tools that offer this effect can transition not only between still images but often between moving images as well.

Provided that number of polygons is the same in two separate key-frames then we can linearly interpolate using the vertices.

Other Type of Animations Full animation refers to the process of producing high-quality

traditionally animated films, which regularly use detailed drawings and plausible movement. Fully animated films can be done in a variety of styles, from more realistically animated works such as those produced by the Walt Disney studio (Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Lion King) to the more 'cartoony' styles of those produced by the Warner Bros. animation studio.

Limited animation involves the use of less detailed and/or more stylized drawings and methods of movement. Eg., much of the anime produced in Japan. Its primary use, however, has been in producing cost-effective animated content for media such as television (the work of Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, and other TV animation studios) and later the Internet (web cartoons).

Rotoscoping is a technique, patented by Max Fleischer in 1917, where animators trace live-action movement, frame by frame. The source film can be directly copied from actors' outlines into animated drawings, as in The Lord of the Rings (US, 1978), or used in a stylized and expressive manner, as in Waking Life (US, 2001).

Live-action/animation is a technique, when combining hand-drawn characters into live action shots. Examples would include Space Jam (USA, 1996) and Osmosis Jones (USA, 2002).

Stop motion Animation

Stop-motion animation is used to describe animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement. There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually named after the type of media used to create the animation. Computer software is widely available to create this type of animation.

Storyboarding The animation storyboard is the first sight of what a cartoon or piece of

animation is going to look like. The animation storyboard looks like a series of strip comics, with

individual drawings of storylines, scenes, characters and their emotions. The drawings will reflect the early ideas of what characters will look like, what the backgrounds and scenery will be some idea of dialogue, emotions ,and a general feel of the animation process.

Using a storyboard will help you organize your animation, and match you mental visualizations of scenes with the written script; it can also give you a visual format to communicate your ideas to

others.

A storyboard can be an elaborate, professional series of framed color artwork depicting action and motion in a scene, complete with written descriptions of dialogue, sound effects, and transitions into the next scene (these are most often used by studios for major projects)--or a single page of numbered thumbnail sketches, or even something as plain and simple as a quick series of motion-study sketches (as depicted here) to capture the movement of a body that you want to animate.

If you use a storyboard you'll find that you'll be able to plan your animations more cohesively with clear marker points to show progress, and you'll save yourself a lot of time and trouble when struggling to make the entire thing come together from beginning to end.

Thank You!