Animals KINGDOM ANIMALIA. What are Animals? Animals are: heterotrophic (Can’t make food) Eukaryotic ( nucleus ) multicellular ( Many cells ) lack cell.

AnimalsKINGDOM ANIMALIA

What are Animals?• Animals are:• heterotrophic (Can’t make food)

Eukaryotic (nucleus) multicellular (Many cells)lack cell walls.

Invertebrates (do not have backbone)=90%EX: flatworms, insectsvertebrates (have a backbone)=10%Ex:snakes, birds, humans

Body symmetryAsymmetrical: no symmetryRadial Symmetry: Can be divided into equal halves using many planes

Bilateral Symmetry: Can be divided into equal halves using only one plane

1. Feeding:

• Herbivore• Carnivore• Omnivore• Detritivore• Parasite

• Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water

• Gastrovascular cavity – digests and distributes

nutrients and particles to all parts of the body. Usually only one opening.

• True Digestive tract– Contain digestive organs

with a mouth and anus

2. Respiration:

• Take in O2 and give off CO2

• Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion

3. Circulation:

• Very small animals rely on diffusion

• Larger animals have circulatory system which include vessels

3. Circulation:

• Open circulatory system– pump blood into a hemocoel

with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells.

• Closed Circulatory System– Closed circulatory systems have

the blood closed at all times.

4. Excretion:

• Primary waste product is ammonia, liquid waste filtered by the kidneys

5. Response:

• Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuli• Cephalization - an evolutionary trend, where

nervous tissue, becomes concentrated toward the head portion of an organism

6. Movement:

• Most animals are motile (can move)• Muscles usually work with a skeleton• Sessile: Cannot move

• Endoskeleton– Support structure

Inside body

• Exoskeleton• Support structure Outside body

7. Reproduction:

Most vertebrates reproduce sexually= two parents needed for offspring.(UNIQUE, Meiosis)

Most reproduce asexually:) offspring from 1 parent (IDENTICAL, Mitosis)

Ex: Fission, budding, fragmentation

Other characteristics…

• Coelomate - a fluid filled body cavity.

• Acoelomate- lacks a fluid filled body cavity

• Endotherm- – animal that generates

heat to maintain its body temp.

– Birds and mammals

• Ectotherm – animal whose body

temp varies with the temp of its surroundings

– All animals except birds and mammals

Body Symmetry

• Body plan: Asymmetrical• Respiration, Circulation, & Excretion • Rely on movement of water through body to carry out

body function.

• Movement– Larva are motile– Adults are sessile

• Reproduction– Sexually and asexually

• Digestion • Choanocytes engulf food as water is pumped through the sponge

body cavity. Filter Feeders!

Porifera

Sponges

Cnidariansjellyfish

Sea anemone hydra

corals

Sea pens

Cnidarians• Body plan - Radial Symmetry;

– Medusa and Polyp• Circulation – Use diffusion as their means of circulating

materials through their bodies• Respiration and excretion - carried on by individual cells that

obtain their oxygen directly from water• Movement – Use a hydrostatic skeleton to contract muscles. • Reproduction-

– Sexual: external fertilization, – Asexual: budding by polyps.

• Digestion - Carnivores that digest food in gastrovascular cavity.• Response- (write at bottom of paper)

– Cnidocytes: stinging cells;– Nematocyst: poison filled darts.

Cnidarian link

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtAheq0JW7g&list=PLC92346F8528ED029

Platyhelminthes

tapeworm

planarian

Marine flatworms

Flatworms

Platyhelminthes - FLATWORMS

• Body plan: bilateral symmetry with body cavity• Respiration, circulation, excretion – diffusion;

– use flame cells to remove WASTE from body.• Movement – use cilia and muscle cells• Reproduction –

– Sexually: hermaphrodites– Asexually: Fission – split in half and grow missing parts

• Digestion – gastrovascualr cavity• Response- (write at bottom of paper)

– ganglia: group of nerves

Flatworm fencing

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wn3xluIRh1Y

Nematoda - ROUNDWORMS• Body plan – bilateral symmetry,

– contain coelom

• Respiration, Circulation and Excretion- diffusion through skin

• Movement – muscles extend length of body• Reproduction – sexual: internal fertilization• Digestion – Digestive tract with mouth and anus• Response - (write at bottom of paper)

– ganglia: group of nerves

Nemtoda (roundworm examples)

• Trichinosis-causing worms• Filarial worms (Elephantitis)• Ascarid worms • Hookworms

Annelida

• Body plan – Bilateral symmetry, – segmented bodies with coelom

• Respiration- some have gills;– others diffuse oxygen through skin

• Excretion – digestive waste through anus; – other waste filtered through nephridia.

• Circulation – Closed circulatory system• Movement – longitudinal and circular muscles • Reproduction – Sexually; both male and female with some

hermaphrodites.• Digestion - True digestive tract with mouth, anus and

digestive organs• Response –(write at bottom of paper)

– brain or cerebral ganglion that usually resides in the head

Annelida

• Sandworms• Bloodworms

Leechesearthworms

Annelida

Groups of Mollusk Gastropods – snails & Slugs

• Shell-less or single shelled mollusk that move using a foot located on the ventral side.

Groups of Mollusk Bivalves- clams & mussels

• Have 2 shells that are held together by powerful muscles

Groups of MolluskCephalopods-

octopus, squid, nautilus

• Mollusk where the head is attached to a single foot.

• The foot is divided into tentacles

Mollusca• Body plan –

– bilateral: clams, snails, & slugs AND– radial: octopus & squid– soft bodied with internal or external shell

• Respiration – aquatic: gills;– land: diffusion through mantle cavity

• Circulation – Slow moving: open circulatory system; – fast moving: closed circulatory system

• Excretion – through nephridia• Movement – snails: secrete mucus;

– octopus, nautilus, squid: jet propulsion• Reproduction – sexual -- snails & bivalves external fertilization;

– some are hermaphrodite: internal fertilization• Digestion – True digestive tract:

– herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, parasites. • Response – Cephalization: octopus and squid (write at bottom of paper)

Octopus opens jar

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kuAiuXezIU

Arthropods

• Body plan – Bilateral with segmented bodies• Respiration – gills, lungs, tracheal tubes• Circulation- Open circulatory system • Excretion

– Malpighian tubules: saclike organs that extract wastes from the blood and add them to the digestive system.

• Movement- Muscles, jointed appendages, exoskeleton• Reproduction

– internal or external fertilization;– some species undergo metamorphosis

• Digestion – Complex organ systems; – herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores, parasites, and filter

feeders• Response- Brains with well developed nervous system (write at

bottom of paper)

Crustaceans – crabs, lobster, shrimp

• Have two pairs of antennae• 2 – 3 body sections• Chewing mouth parts called mandibles

Insects – beetles, cricket, centipede

• Have jaws• One pair of antennae

Arachnids – Spiders, ticks, scorpions

• Two body sections• Most have 4 walking legs

Echinoderms• Body plan – radial with coelom• Respiration

– use simple gills and tube

• Circulation – network of fluid-filled canals that function called a water vascular system

• Excretion - no kidneys – use diffusion to rid their bodies of nitrogenous waste– solid waste through anus

• Movement – endoskeleton – Tube feet which acts as a suction force

• Reproduction – Sexual: external fertilization• Digestion

– Tube feet grab food, push stomach out, secrete enzymes to digest food, and reabsorb food through mouth

• Response – do not have brains– they have nerves running from the mouth into each arm or along the body (write at

bottom of paper)

Echinodermata

brittle stars

Sea stars

sea urchins

Sand dollarssea lilies

sea cucumbers

Chordata• Body plan – bilateral

– With pharyngeal gill slits, tail, notochord, and dorsal hollow nerve cord.

• Respiration – lungs, gills• Circulation – closed circulatory system• Excretion

– filter waste through kidneys and excrete solid waste through anus• Movement

– endoskeleton with many muscular connections• Reproduction – Sexual• Digestion – True digestive tract• Nervous

– cephalization – – brain with nervous tissue

Sand Lance

Tunicates

FishAmphibians

Reptiles Birds

Mammals!