Animal Welfare Course

7/31/2019 Animal Welfare Course

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Human understanding of animals

Sentience

Needs

Natures

It is developing

The physical states of poor welfare are

More readily accessible

Understandable

(particularly for veterinarians,Who undertook much of

The early work

On welfare


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Research leads to

Greater understanding of

Mental states

Needs, and

Natures.

This is particularly true of

Ethological(studying of animal behavior patterns) research

Including preference testing

Animals preferences are

Measured and assessed.


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This may be why

Earlier definitions of welfare

Centered on physical states,

Whereas

The latest definitionsReflected the

Complex

Multi-faceted nature of

Animal welfare.


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denotes

The desire to prevent

Unnecessary animal suffering

Not opposed to the animal use

Wanting to ensure a

Good quality of life and

Humane death.


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denotes

The philosophical belief that animals

should have rights

To live their lives free of

Human intervention

And ultimate death

At the hands of humans


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Animal rightists are

Philosophically opposed to

The use of animals by humans

Although some accept 'symbiotic'

Relationships, such as

Companion animal ownership


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The difference between

C and is

Conservation cares

About species and extinction (disappearance)Animal welfare cares

About the individual animal

And its suffering


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Animal welfarists belief that

Each individual animal has an

Intrinsic value, and should be

Respected and protected.

They recognize that animals

Have biologically determined

Instincts (characters), interests & natures

Can experience

Pain and Suffer,


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They believe, too, that

Animals should

Be permitted to

Live their lives free from

Avoidable suffering at

The hands of humans.


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Therefore, It is not difficult to recognize

Why the conservation movement has

Attracted support

More readily than

The animal welfare movement

Animal welfare requires greater

Altruism (unselfishness, humanity) and

Empathy (understanding, sympathy)

Than conservation


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Care for conservation can be

Generated by human- centred objectives

Such as

Not wanting species to become

Extincy (Destroyed,Vanished) because of

The loss for future generations

Many people now recognize that

Animals feel pain and suffer, which

May challenge their

Own lifestyle and habits


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Welfare

Is not just absence ofCruelty or

Unnecessary suffering

It is much more complex

It includes the following different states: -


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Traditional definitions

Centered on physical state of animals.

An animal is in a poor state of welfare

When physiological systems are

Disturbed to the point that

survival or reproduction is

Impaired

Welfare defines the state of an animal

In attempts to cope (manage , deal with)

With its environment


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Some other view

Takes the extreme view thatWelfare is only poor when

Survival or reproduction is

Impaired by a physical problem


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How an animal copes with its environment?

Coping is essentially a reflection of

The physical condition of an animal

However, mental states may

Have contributed to this condition.


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Refers to the ability of the animal to

Fulfill its natural needs and desires.

Frustration of these

Harms its welfare.

Has been recently recognized and added

Not only will welfare mean control of

pain and suffering, it will also nurturing

and fulfillment of the animals nature

Rollin, 1993


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Definition of animal welfare is often debated.

However, these three states, which are

Given in the definition of

WSPA(World Society for the Protection of Animalas)in Its Concepts of Animal Welfare

Veterinary training resource,

Provide the most comprehension


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Fear, anxiety

Restrict natural behavior

Early tumours,

early infections

Physical FitnessMental feeling

This graph clearly shows that

The three dimensions of welfare & the

inextricable relationship between them


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They were originally developed by the

UKs Farm Animal Welfare Council \ Provide

valuable guidance on animal welfare. Theyare now

Internationally recognized, and

Have been adapted

The current form is:


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The current form is: -

Freedom from hunger and thirstready

access to water and a diet to maintain health

and vigour(energy, dynamism)

Freedom from discomfortby providing an

Appropriate environment including

Shelter and a

Comfortable resting area

Freedom from pain, injury and diseaseby

Prevention or rapid

Diagnosis and treatment


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Freedom to express normal behaviorby

providing

Sufficient space

Proper facilities and

Company of the animals own kind

Freedom from fear and distressby

ensuring

Conditions and treatment which avoid

Mental suffering


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They cover all three of the states identified

by WSPA above.

They are ideal states


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It is recognized that some freedoms may

Conflict in a situation

Where animals are cared for, by man

e.g. the conflict between

Treatment

(e.g veterinary treatment)

To cure illness/disease

and

Freedom from fear and distress

(that may be caused by the

handling and procedure).


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The term needs is often used in

Discussions on welfare,

They are the things that

Should be provided to ensure

Animals welfare.

A need is: A requirement, fundamental in

the biology of the animal, to obtain a

particular resource or respond to a particular

environmental or bodily stimulus.


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Needs may include a range of provisions

such as

Food & water

Comfort

Avoidance of

Infectious disease and

Impairment ofPhysical (fitness) Mental(feelings)

& Naturalness (telos)


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Restrict natural behaviour

WSPA: Concepts of Animal Welfare

environmental enrichment.

For animals under our care

It becomes the

Human ethical responsibility

to provide for their needs.


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Different needs have

Different levels of importance to animals.

Observing effects after

Withdrawal of needs

Provides an indication of their

Relative importance.


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There is now widespread recognition of

The sentience of animals, which reinforces

The need to protect welfare

The European Union has officially

Recognized animals to be

Sentient Beings (1997).

S ti i li th t i l


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Sentience implies that animals: -

Are aware of their own surroundings

Have an emotional dimension

Are aware of what is happening to them

Have the ability to learn from experience

Are aware of bodily sensationspain,

hunger, heat, cold etc.

Are aware of their relationships with other

animals Have the ability to chose between different

animals, objects and situations


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WSPAs Concepts in Animal Welfare isDesigned to teach Animal welfare

At veterinary institutes.

It was prepared in collaboration with the

University of Bristo Veterinary School

One of the leading centers forAnimal welfare science.


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The syllabus and complement resources are

Available via the internet (www.wspa-international.org).

The principles in Concepts are supported by

Professional bodies such as

The World Veterinary Association,

Commonwealth Veterinary Association,

World Small Animal Veterinary Association

Federation of European Companion AnimalVeterinaryAssociations.


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Animal welfare has developed into

A science in its own right

and

As a result there is a

Growing amount of research into thissubject.

This research is funded by


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This research is funded by

Governments, corporations and industry bodies,

welfare groups and other agencies.

It is often used as

The basis for the reform of

Animal welfare legislation

It is also used to

improve conditions for animals

Reared for food, used in research,kept in captivity or as companion

animals.


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Three components are important for awelfare assessment: -

Use the Five Freedoms as the framework

Assess welfare inputs and outputs

Quantify problem using

Severity, Duration and Number ofAnimals affected.

Inputs : are the factors that affect welfare


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Inputs : are the factors that affect welfare.

Outputs : are the actual impact of these factors on

welfare.

Examples of three types of welfare inputs are: -

Stockman - Empathy, Knowledge,Observation skills

Environment - Housing, Bedding, Feed quality,

Water provision

Animal - Suitable breed, age and sex for the

system.


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Physiological measures of welfare include: -

Heart rate

Respiratory rate

Adrenal habituation

Blood pressure

Catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline)

Enzymes and metabolites

However, measures of welfare should be

Applied with caution.

WSPAs Concepts of


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WSPA s Concepts of

Animal Welfare refers to different

components of welfare, of which welfarescience is one i.e.

Welfare science

Animal ethics

Welfare law


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Welfare concerns

The quality of animal life.

Whereas death affects the

quantity ofanimal life.

However, both may be the subjects of

ethical concern by humans.


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The manner of death is

Relevant to an animals welfare

e.g. the method of slaughter is important

Also, high death rates

Can indicate

Poor welfare conditions

Poor husbandry conditions

Can cause disease and death

Production pressures and overwork

Can also cause early death.

Animal Welfare Course

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