Animal Unit If you see green, it is a hyper link to a video or a web site. Just click on it to view.

Animal UnitAnimal UnitIf you see green, it is a If you see green, it is a

hyper link to a video or a hyper link to a video or a web site. Just click on it web site. Just click on it

to view.to view.

Standard 1Standard 1 AnimalsAnimals are organisms that are multi-cellular but cannot make are organisms that are multi-cellular but cannot make

their own food. their own food. Animals that must get energy by eating plants or other animals are Animals that must get energy by eating plants or other animals are

called called heterotrophsheterotrophs.. Animals are classified into two major groups based on physical Animals are classified into two major groups based on physical

and internal characteristics. These are and internal characteristics. These are vertebratesvertebrates or or invertebratesinvertebrates..

Vertebrates Also called Chordates Also called Chordates Brain Pop Video Vertebrates Share Similar Vertebrates Share Similar CharacteristicsCharacteristics:: Have a protective skin covering, an inside skeleton, muscles, Have a protective skin covering, an inside skeleton, muscles,

blood that circulates through blood vessels, or lungs (or gills) for blood that circulates through blood vessels, or lungs (or gills) for breathingbreathing

Most have legs or fins for movement Most have legs or fins for movement Have a nervous system with a brain that process information from Have a nervous system with a brain that process information from

their environments through sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, etc.).their environments through sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, etc.).

There are thousands of species of vertebrates divided into There are thousands of species of vertebrates divided into five five groups:groups:

FishFish have backbones; are cold-blooded ( have backbones; are cold-blooded (ectothermicectothermic); obtain ); obtain dissolved oxygen in water through dissolved oxygen in water through gills; most lay eggs; have scales; ; most lay eggs; have scales; have fins; and live in waterhave fins; and live in water

Fish Facts

Amphibians have backbones; are have backbones; are cold-blooded (ectothermic); can cold-blooded (ectothermic); can breathe in water with gills early in breathe in water with gills early in life, and breathe on land with life, and breathe on land with lungs as adults; go through lungs as adults; go through metamorphosis; lay jelly-like metamorphosis; lay jelly-like eggs. The major groups of eggs. The major groups of amphibians are frogs, toads, and amphibians are frogs, toads, and salamanders. Frogs and salamanders. Frogs and salamanders have smooth, moist salamanders have smooth, moist skin, through which they can skin, through which they can breathe, and live part of their life breathe, and live part of their life in water and part on land. Toads in water and part on land. Toads have thicker, bumpy skin and live have thicker, bumpy skin and live on land.on land.

Reptiles have have backbones; are cold-backbones; are cold-blooded blooded (ectothermic); (ectothermic); breathe with lungs; breathe with lungs; most lay eggs, most lay eggs, although in some the although in some the eggs hatch inside the eggs hatch inside the female, and have female, and have scales or plates. scales or plates.

Reptile/Amphibians

Birds have backbones; have backbones; are warm-blooded are warm-blooded (endothermic); breathe (endothermic); breathe with lungs; lay eggs; with lungs; lay eggs; have feathers; and have have feathers; and have a beak, two wings, and a beak, two wings, and two feet. two feet.

MammalsMammals have backbones; are warm- have backbones; are warm-blooded (endothermiblooded (endothermicc); breathe with ); breathe with lungs; have babies that are born live; have lungs; have babies that are born live; have fur or hair; and produce milk to feed their fur or hair; and produce milk to feed their young. young. Brain Pop Video Mammals

InvertebratesThere are many more invertebrates than vertebrates. 90% of all animals are invertebrates.The largest group of invertebrates are the arthropods. The invertebrates are divided into five groups:Sponges are very simple animals that have many pores (holes) through which water flows. Water moves into a central cavity and out through a hole in the top. Sponges obtain their food and eliminate wastes through this passage of water. They live in fresh or salt water. Brain Pop Video Web Site

Echinoderms have similar have similar parts (arms) that extend parts (arms) that extend from the middle body from the middle body outwards. They have tube outwards. They have tube feet and spines. Examples feet and spines. Examples are starfish, brittle stars, are starfish, brittle stars, sand dollar, sea sand dollar, sea cucumbers, or sea urchins. cucumbers, or sea urchins.

Arthropods have jointed legs; live on land and in water; have jointed legs; live on land and in water; have hard outer coverings called have hard outer coverings called exoskeletonsexoskeletons, have , have segmented bodies (2-3 segments: head thorax, abdomen) segmented bodies (2-3 segments: head thorax, abdomen) and some have wings. Examples are insects, spiders, and some have wings. Examples are insects, spiders, grasshopper, lobster, crab, & crayfish. grasshopper, lobster, crab, & crayfish. Brain Pop Video

AQUATIC ARTHRODPODS LINK Get this bug off me!

Water ArthropdodsWater Arthropdods Some arthropods are in the water & we can’t see them Some arthropods are in the water & we can’t see them

unless we use a microscope. After PACT testing, we will unless we use a microscope. After PACT testing, we will make a trip to the creek to catch some of these ugly critters. make a trip to the creek to catch some of these ugly critters.

Mollusk Video Mollusks have soft have soft

bodies; most have a bodies; most have a thick muscular foot for thick muscular foot for movement or to open movement or to open and close their shells; and close their shells; live in salt or fresh water live in salt or fresh water or on land; and some or on land; and some have shells. Examples have shells. Examples are snails, clams, are snails, clams, squid, , oysters, and octopuses. oysters, and octopuses.

Jelly Fish Brain Pop

Segmented wormsSegmented worms ( (Annelids) ) have soft, long tube-like bodies have soft, long tube-like bodies that are divided into segments. that are divided into segments. They are the simplest organisms They are the simplest organisms with a true nervous system. A with a true nervous system. A long digestive tube runs down long digestive tube runs down the length of the worm’s inside the length of the worm’s inside body. Examples of segmented body. Examples of segmented worms are earthworms and worms are earthworms and leeches.leeches.

WORMS LINK Worm World 4 Kids

Streamlines & Internet ActivitiesStreamlines & Internet Activities

Invertebrates: What are they?

Basics of Biology, The: The Kingdom of Animals: From Simple to Complicated

Animals Belong in Class Song Interactive Quiz

Standard 2Standard 2 Animals have structures with basic functions that allow them to Animals have structures with basic functions that allow them to

defend themselves, to move, and to obtain resources. defend themselves, to move, and to obtain resources. Animals have special structures that function Animals have special structures that function for defensefor defense. . Special features that enable an animal to survive in its environment Special features that enable an animal to survive in its environment

are called are called adaptationsadaptations. Examples of these adaptations are: . Examples of these adaptations are: Hiding adaptationsHiding adaptations These adaptations allow an animal to avoid the These adaptations allow an animal to avoid the

predator entirely. predator entirely. Camouflage and and mimicrymimicry are examples of hiding are examples of hiding adaptations. adaptations.

Flight/Flee adaptationsFlight/Flee adaptations These adaptations allow an animal to flee from These adaptations allow an animal to flee from

predators and escape danger. For example, birds and predators and escape danger. For example, birds and bats have light skeletons and wings to fly away; some bats have light skeletons and wings to fly away; some animals have long legs for extra speed or strong legs animals have long legs for extra speed or strong legs for jumping; and some animals have paws or toenails for jumping; and some animals have paws or toenails that allow them to construct holes or tunnels to run that allow them to construct holes or tunnels to run into and hide. into and hide.

Polar Bears have hollow hair for insulation.Polar Bears have hollow hair for insulation.

Physical featuresPhysical features These adaptations allow an animal to make a These adaptations allow an animal to make a direct attack painful (for example, horns, claws, quills, stingers, direct attack painful (for example, horns, claws, quills, stingers, shells, smells or mechanisms that allow an animal to change its size) shells, smells or mechanisms that allow an animal to change its size) or allow the animal to taste bad or be poisonous to the predator. For or allow the animal to taste bad or be poisonous to the predator. For example, some monarch butterflies are brightly colored but poisonous example, some monarch butterflies are brightly colored but poisonous to animals. to animals.

Animals have special structures that function Animals have special structures that function for movementfor movement. Animals . Animals move to fulfill their needs and to move their bodies from one place to move to fulfill their needs and to move their bodies from one place to another. Movement is an important means for animals to find food & another. Movement is an important means for animals to find food & water, find mates, and escape predators. Animals have certain water, find mates, and escape predators. Animals have certain structures for movement; for example, legs, feet, tails, shape, and structures for movement; for example, legs, feet, tails, shape, and skeleton. skeleton.

Animals have different structures that allow them Animals have different structures that allow them to obtain needed to obtain needed resourcesresources. Examples of some of these structures are:. Examples of some of these structures are:

Filtering adaptationsFiltering adaptations for filter feeders (such as sponges or clams) that for filter feeders (such as sponges or clams) that consume food found in the water.consume food found in the water.

Tube-shaped mouth partsTube-shaped mouth parts for fluid-feeders. Examples are for fluid-feeders. Examples are mosquitoes, aphids, or hummingbirds.mosquitoes, aphids, or hummingbirds.

Feeders that consume large preyFeeders that consume large prey. These animals usually have . These animals usually have specially adapted body parts; for example, tentacles, pinchers, claws, specially adapted body parts; for example, tentacles, pinchers, claws, fangs, expandable stomachs or flexible jaws.fangs, expandable stomachs or flexible jaws.

Feeders that consume food where it is locatedFeeders that consume food where it is located. This is for animals . This is for animals that eat specific types of food. Examples of structures for these that eat specific types of food. Examples of structures for these animals are different shaped beaks; sharp teeth for ripping and tearing animals are different shaped beaks; sharp teeth for ripping and tearing of flesh; large rounded teeth for of flesh; large rounded teeth for

grinding plants; rough tongues for drinking water; or grinding plants; rough tongues for drinking water; or long necks or legs to get food. long necks or legs to get food.

Animal Adaptations:Animal Adaptations: Structures for Getting Food: Structures for Getting Food: Sharp teeth, making a web, claws for Sharp teeth, making a web, claws for

digging/scooping, talons, camouflage, different digging/scooping, talons, camouflage, different types of beakstypes of beaks

Structures for Protection:Structures for Protection: Camouflage, speed, spines, horns, armored skin, Camouflage, speed, spines, horns, armored skin,

flight, smells (skunk), poison, bad taste, claws, flight, smells (skunk), poison, bad taste, claws, quills, stingers, shells, or mechanisms that allow quills, stingers, shells, or mechanisms that allow an animal to change its sizean animal to change its size

Structures for Body Temperature:Structures for Body Temperature: Thick fur, blubber, down feathers, burrowing Thick fur, blubber, down feathers, burrowing

underground, nocturnal behaviorunderground, nocturnal behavior Structures for Conserving Water:Structures for Conserving Water: Staying in the Shade Eating other plants & Staying in the Shade Eating other plants &

animals for water, & Using the body to gather animals for water, & Using the body to gather dewdew

Streamlines & Internet ActivitiesStreamlines & Internet Activities

Animal Adaptations: What are they? Animal Feature & Functions The World’s Smartest Animals Activity Create An Animal Create An Animal Amusing Animal Activity Using Dice

Animal Notes for Standard 3:Animal Notes for Standard 3: Know:Know: The characteristics of endothermic and ectothermic animals. The characteristics of endothermic and ectothermic animals. Students need to be able to explain how the environmental Students need to be able to explain how the environmental

temperature affects animals’ internal temperature.temperature affects animals’ internal temperature. Be able to identify endothermic and ectothermic animals.Be able to identify endothermic and ectothermic animals. endothermicendothermic -warm-blooded -warm-blooded ectothermicectothermic -cold-blooded -cold-blooded EndoEndo - inside - inside ectoecto - outside - outside thermtherm - heat - heat

EctothermicEctothermic Animals that do not maintain a constant internal temperature Animals that do not maintain a constant internal temperature

and must gain heat to perform internal activities. and must gain heat to perform internal activities. They depend on the sun to heat up their bodies and allow any They depend on the sun to heat up their bodies and allow any

activity. If the environment is cold, ectothermic animals are activity. If the environment is cold, ectothermic animals are slow moving and sluggish. slow moving and sluggish.

Examples are snakes, lizards, fish, frogs or insects. Examples are snakes, lizards, fish, frogs or insects. Most ectothermic animals must bask in the sun before they can Most ectothermic animals must bask in the sun before they can

move about to hunt for food. If the temperature gets too hot, move about to hunt for food. If the temperature gets too hot, they must find shade or burrow in the ground to keep its body they must find shade or burrow in the ground to keep its body cool or die. cool or die.

If an animal is cold blooded, they take on the temperature of If an animal is cold blooded, they take on the temperature of their surroundings so they don't have to use food energy to their surroundings so they don't have to use food energy to keep warm. This means they don't have to eat as often. keep warm. This means they don't have to eat as often.

EndothermicEndothermic Animals that maintain a constant internal temperature. Animals that maintain a constant internal temperature. An endothermic animal's body metabolism works hard to keep An endothermic animal's body metabolism works hard to keep

its body the right temperature for activity all the time. its body the right temperature for activity all the time. When the outside temperature is too hot, an endothermic When the outside temperature is too hot, an endothermic

animal can cool off by sweating, panting, changing position, animal can cool off by sweating, panting, changing position, changing location in the world, or growing/shedding fur. changing location in the world, or growing/shedding fur.

Sweating and panting work by generating heat loss through Sweating and panting work by generating heat loss through evaporating water; changing posture allows animals to control evaporating water; changing posture allows animals to control to some extent the heat absorbed from the environment around to some extent the heat absorbed from the environment around them; while changing position or location simply means them; while changing position or location simply means seeking shade, shelter, or water when it is too hot. seeking shade, shelter, or water when it is too hot.

Endothermic animals must eat much more often than an Endothermic animals must eat much more often than an ectodermic animal. For example, a lion (endothermic) eats its ectodermic animal. For example, a lion (endothermic) eats its weight in food every seven to ten days. weight in food every seven to ten days.

Lizards that swim in sandLizards that swim in sand The shovel-snouted lizard performs a "thermal The shovel-snouted lizard performs a "thermal

dance" when the sand becomes too hot for its feet. dance" when the sand becomes too hot for its feet. It props itself up on its tail, lifts a front foot and It props itself up on its tail, lifts a front foot and back foot, holds them up for a while and finally back foot, holds them up for a while and finally exchanges them with the opposite pair.exchanges them with the opposite pair.

The dance is repeated over and over again until the The dance is repeated over and over again until the sand cools down a bit. When all else fails the lizard sand cools down a bit. When all else fails the lizard dives into the loose sand and "swims" down to a dives into the loose sand and "swims" down to a cooler levelcooler level