Animal Testing Taemin Ahn, Jonathan Chang, Liam Hardiman, Travis Kim, Aram Nazarian.

Animal Testing

Taemin Ahn, Jonathan Chang, Liam Hardiman, Travis Kim, Aram

Nazarian

Definition

"Use of animals in experiments and development projects usually to determine toxicity, dosing and efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials."

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Animal_testing

History

• Dates back to ancient timesoAristotle did tests on animalsoRoman physician Galen dissected goats,

pigs• 1600's: Animals used to observe blood

circulatory system      http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/16237.aspx

History Continued

• Used throughout history for medical researchoGuinea pigs used to test tuberculosis

vaccineoRhesus monkeys used to isolate poliooLeprosy treatments developed in armadillos

                                                                                        http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/16237.aspx

General Morality

 • Exists for:

o scientific advancementso for the better of us

 o educates us further about the

human body 

o Are these benefits worth it?

General Morality

• testing on animals and taking away their freedom = selfish

• taking animals freedom of life

 • forgetting about the pain

and suffering of the animal

Positive Effects

While animals in painful experiments do feel pain, it's oftentimes so that scientists can prevent pain from being inflicted upon humans.

http://ww.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n3/cures.html

Positive Effects

More specifically, animal testing has played a large role in HIV research, a field that has undoubtedly saved lives.

http://www.avert.org/hiv-animal-testing.htm#

Positive Effects

Researchers say that the use of animal testing was critical in drawing parallels between animal and human responses to the drug

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2042942/HIV-vaccine-MVA-B-turn-deadly-condition-minor-infection-like-herpes.html

Positive Effects

Animal testing is used to learn about animal physiology, which helps with conservation efforts

http://www.mammalsociety.org/uploads/Sikes%20et%20al%202011.pdf

Negative Effects

• Some would argue that the positive effects of animal experimentation are vastly overstated, and that there is little direct linkage between its use and the destruction of HIV.

     http://www.avert.org/hiv-animal-testing.htm#

Negative Effects contd.

• PeTA argues that education and healthy practice far outweigh the insubstantial positive effects of animal testing.

     http://www.peta.org/about/faq/Does-animal-experimentation-save-human-

lives.aspx

Catholic Viewpoint:

God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them: "Be fertile and multiply and fill the earth. Dread fear of you shall come upon

Catholic Viewpoint (cont.)

all the animals of the earth and all the birds of the air, upon all the creatures that move about on the ground and all

Catholic Viewpoint (cont.)

 the fishes of the sea; into your power they are delivered. Every creature that is alive shall be yours to eat;

Catholic Viewpoint

 I give them all to you as I did the green plants. (Genesis 9:1-3)

 It is a sin to cause animals to suffer or die needlessly.

(2418)"It is contrary to human dignity to cause animals to suffer or die needlessly" ok IF killed with little suffering, and for food/clothing/safety

Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism

(2417) "God entrusted animals to the stewardship of those whom he created in his own image." Hence it is legitimate to use animals for food and clothing.  

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism

(2417) "They may be domesticated to help man in his work and leisure. Medical and scientific experimentation on animals 

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism

(2417) is a morally acceptable practice if it remains within reasonable limits and contributes to caring for or saving human lives.

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism

if it remains within reasonable limits and contributes to caring for or saving human lives."  

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

Works Cited

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htmhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3782804.pdf http://www.mammalsociety.org/uploads/Sikes%20et%20al%202011.pdfhttp://speakingofresearch.com/tag/spanish-superior-scientific-research-council/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2042942/HIV-vaccine-MVA-B-turn-deadly-condition-minor-infection-like-herpes.htmlhttp://www.irsicaixa.org/en/hivacat-identifies-candidate-hiv-vaccine-and-initiates-animal-experimentationhttp://www.9news.com/news/article/220063/188/HIV-vaccine-faces-further-animal-testinghttp://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/16237.aspx http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/5373379/Animals-can-tell-right-from-wrong.htmlhttp://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/Animal-Testing-Is-It-Necessary-.htmlwww.veganlondon.co.uk/factsheets/scientific_fraud.pdhttp://www.mrmcmed.org/crit2.html