Animal Science 2012- 2013 Red Lodge High School. Academic Honesty PLAGERISM WILL NOT BE TOLERATED. Paraphrasing or quoting anothers work without citing.

Animal Science

2012- 2013Red Lodge High School

Academic Honesty

PLAGERISM WILL NOT BE TOLERATED. Paraphrasing or quoting another’s work without citing the source is a form of academic misconduct.

ACADEMIC HONESTY is expected by all students. Presenting others ideas as your own or to permit someone else to use your work without acknowledgement is academic misconduct.

Animal Contributions to Human Needs

Chapter 1

What is the function of Animal Agriculture

Production of food and fiber

Animal Agriculture All societies use domestic animals as a

source of food, consumer products or companionship

Domestic animals supply humans many different things– Food– Clothing– By-products for consumer goods or feed– Power– Research

Animal ContributionsSpecies Primary UsesCattle Meat, milk, hides

Sheep Wool, meat, milk, hides

Goats Milk, meat, hair, hides

Buffalo Draft, milk, meat, hides, bones

Camels, Yaks, Llamas

Packing, riding, draft, meat, milk, hides

Chickens, Turkey, Ducks

Meat, eggs, feathers

Swine Meat, leather

Horses, Donkeys, Mules

Draft, packing, riding, companion animals, occasionally meat

Contribution of Animal Products to the World Diet Animal products comprise ~16% of total

calories and 37% of total protein. 30% of total calories in some developed counties

and 50% of the protein supply less than 20% of protein in some developing

countries. The contribution of animal products to food

supply has increased in most of the world “Livestock Revolution”

From early 70’s through the early 90’s meat consumption in developing countries grew 3x more than in developed countries

Contribution of Animal Products to the World Diet In general, as standard of living

increases, the country tends to have a higher consumption of animal products.

Mechanization largely responsible for increased food production

Mechanization made it possible for fewer farmers to feed more people– 1940 1 farmer fed 11people– 1995 1 farmer fed 94 people

What happens to consumption of animal products with increasing standard of living?Consumption increases

Dietary Recommendations

Sex Age Kcal/day Protein

(mg/day)

Female 25-30 2000 44

Male 25-30 2700 46

Disposable Income Spent on Food

Year Annual Income

Amount Spent on Food

Home Away % total

1960 2,265 301 109 17.8

1970 3,489 380 194 14.1

1980 8,421 818 530 13.8

1985 11,861 991 717 12.6

1990 16,236 1,242 1,013 11.7

1995 19,703 1,320 1,165 11.2

Contributions of Various Food Groups to the World Food Supply

Food Group Calories (%) Protein (%)Cereals 50 45

Roots, tubers, and pulses 8 7

Nuts, oils, vegetable fats 11 4

Sugar and sugar products 8 2

Vegetables and fruits 7 5

All animal Products 16 37

Meat (7) (16)

Eggs (1) (3)

Fish (1) (7)

Milk (5) (10)

Other (2) (1)

World Meat Supply

Majority of the world meat supply comes from cattle, buffalo, swine, sheep, goats and horses

Other sources common to other countries are alpaca, llama, yak, deer, elk, antelope, kangaroo, rabbit, guinea pig, capybara, fowl other than chicken (duck, turkey, goose, guinea fowl, pigeon), and wild game

Role of Animal Products in a Balanced Diet Animal Foods

Provide:– High quality protein– Zinc, Iron, Calcium– Vitamin A, D, E, K,

and B12– Fats and lipids

Plants Provide:–Carbohydrates

(energy)–Vitamins–Minerals–Fats and lipids

Problems with animal products No fiber or roughage Excessive protein possible Carbohydrate deficient but rich in fats Deficient in vitamin C Cholesterol

Animal Contribution to People

Milk is one of the largest single sources of food from animals.

Milk from cattle most common in the United States

Other sources of milk in the world– Buffalo, sheep, goat, alpaca, camel,

reindeer and yak

Animal Production Efficiency Animal production is considered a

resource inefficient practice because it takes more grain to produce a pound of meat than it would to feed a person.– This is true only if feeding animals food

that humans could consume.– Most grains used for livestock production is

not suitable for human consumption– Ruminants consume forages that humans

could not digest

Animal Production Efficiency Animals grazed on land not fit for crop

production 2/3rds of the world is permanent pasture,

range and meadow Of this 60% of the world land mass is

unsuitable for cultivated crop production Animal production does not compete with

human use. Animal intermediaries provide a means to utilize land that would be unproductive for humans

Food Contributions

Conquering Hunger– Increase literacy rates– Reduce poverty– Improve health care– Enhance agricultural production– Improve the total food system

infrastructure

Food Contributions

Eighty-five percent of the world’s population desire food of animal origin in its diet

Animal products more palatable than plants?

Animal products higher class? Consumers tend to increase their

animal products consumption when income increases.

Clothing and Nonfood Wool, hair, hides and pelts are used for

clothing, bedding, housing and carpets. Animal wastes are used for fertilizers Inedible tallow and grease used in soaps and

animal feeds and a source of fatty acids for lubricants and industrial uses.

Fatty acids can be used to produce synthetic rubber, food emulsifiers, plasticizers, floor waxes, candles, paints, varnishes, printing inks and pharmaceuticals

Gelatin from hides, skins and bones used in foods, films and glues

Work and Power

More than half the countries of the world keep animals primarily for work

Most are buffalo or cattle but horse, mules, camels, and llamas are also used for draft purposes.

Twenty percent of the world’s population depends largely or entirely on animals for moving goods.

Work and Power

Animals provide 52% of the cultivation power in developing countries

An additional 26% of cultivation power is provided by human labor

Developed countries use tractor for 82% of their cultivation

Companionship, Recreation and Creativity Many species of animals qualify as

companions where people derive pleasure from them

The contribution of animals as companions is meaningful, though hard to quantify

Many animals are used for recreation – Bull fighting, rodeos and other sports

Human Health Research

Laboratory animals (rats, mice) are commonly used to provide valuable information for improving human life.

Large domestic farm animals are used less often because of cost of maintenance costs.

Farm animals serve as research models for approximately 200 human diseases