Animal Kingdom. Animals are either Invertebrates (no bones) or Vertebrates (have bones)

Animal Animal KingdomKingdom

Animals are Animals are eithereither

Invertebrates (no bones)or

Vertebrates (have bones)

Kingdom: AnimaliaKingdom: Animalia

What do animals have in common?What do animals have in common?

They are multicellularThey are multicellular

They are eukaryotesThey are eukaryotes

They have no cell wallsThey have no cell walls

and………………….. and…………………..

They are heterotrophs!They are heterotrophs!

We informally divide the animal We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: kingdom into 2 groups:

Invertebrates and VertebratesInvertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 officially divided into 9

major groups called major groups called phyla.phyla.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Invertebrates

9

Vertebrates

Let’s take a look at the major Let’s take a look at the major Animal Phyla….Animal Phyla….

starting with the simplest to starting with the simplest to the most complex.the most complex.

Which animal is the most Which animal is the most

complex? complex?

The HumanThe Human

9 Animal Phyla9 Animal Phyla(from simplest to most (from simplest to most

complex)complex)1.1. PoriferaPorifera- sponges- sponges

2.2. CnidariaCnidaria- jellyfish, - jellyfish, etcetc

3.3. PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes- - flatwormsflatworms

4.4. NematodaNematoda- - roundwormsroundworms

5.5. AnnelidaAnnelida- - segmented wormssegmented worms

6.6. MolluscaMollusca- clams, - clams, snails etc.snails etc.

7.7. ArthropodaArthropoda- - jointed legged jointed legged buggy thingsbuggy things

8.8. EchinodermataEchinodermata- - spiny skinned spiny skinned ocean thingsocean things

9.9. ChordataChordata- animals - animals with boneswith bones

Phylum: Phylum: Porifera(Sponges)Porifera(Sponges)

All are aquaticAll are aquatic Many cells that live together, few Many cells that live together, few

specialized cellsspecialized cells Sessile Sessile (Doesn’t move, usually (Doesn’t move, usually

attached to one surface)attached to one surface) They have many openings in their They have many openings in their bodies called poresbodies called pores

Sponges set up Sponges set up water currents to water currents to get food and get food and oxygen into their oxygen into their pores. and then pores. and then to remove to remove wastes.wastes.

They reproduceThey reproduce sexually by sexually by

exchanging exchanging sperm and egg sperm and egg by water currentsby water currentsfilter feedersfilter feeders -animals that eat -animals that eat tiny organic particles from the tiny organic particles from the waterwater

Phylum: CnidarianPhylum: Cnidarian Hollow body with stinging Hollow body with stinging

tentaclestentacles- arm-like - arm-like extensions with poison extensions with poison barbs.barbs.

Live in water (marine-Live in water (marine-mostly ocean)mostly ocean)

Hydra (with a bud)Hydra (with a bud)

All cnidarians All cnidarians have stinginghave stinging tentacles tentacles with stinging with stinging cells called cells called nematocyctsnematocycts

Sea Sea AnemoneAnemone

JellyfishJellyfishJellyfish normally float Jellyfish normally float

with ocean currents, with ocean currents, but can for short but can for short periods of periods of

time move by time move by

jet jet propulsion.propulsion.

Coral,Coral, which have created which have created coral reefs over thousands of coral reefs over thousands of

yearsyears

Coral are critically endangered because of Coral are critically endangered because of human interference and global warming!human interference and global warming!

Cnidarian Body PlansCnidarian Body PlansPolyp- sessile stage in which the tentacles are arm-like

Medusa-motile stagewith a bell-shaped body

We informally divide the animal We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: kingdom into 2 groups:

Invertebrates and VertebratesInvertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 officially divided into 9

major groups called major groups called phyla.phyla.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Invertebrates

9

Vertebrates

phylum: phylum: Platyhelminthes(Flatworms)Platyhelminthes(Flatworms)

They have soft, flattened bodiesThey have soft, flattened bodies Most are parasitic, but a few are Most are parasitic, but a few are

free-livingfree-living

Parasite- lives in or on another organism and hurts it

An example of a parasitic An example of a parasitic flatworm is a flatworm is a tapewormtapeworm

These worms attach to someone’s These worms attach to someone’s intestines and absorb their digested intestines and absorb their digested foodfood

FlukesFlukes are parasitic worms that are parasitic worms that can infect an animal’s blood or can infect an animal’s blood or

any of any of its internal organs. its internal organs.

A A planariaplanaria is free-living and is is free-living and is found in streams, eating other found in streams, eating other

animals. animals.

Planaria can reproduce asexually by a process calledfission.

phylum: phylum: NematodaNematoda

RoundwormsRoundworms unsegmented with 2 body unsegmented with 2 body

openings: a mouth and an openings: a mouth and an anusanus

Many are free-living but some Many are free-living but some are parasitesare parasites

HookwormHookworm

Guinea worm-Guinea worm- drinking drinking contaminated watercontaminated water

This roundworm causes This roundworm causes elephantiasiselephantiasis

Heartworm killed this dog

phylum: phylum: AnnelidaAnnelida These are the segmented wormsThese are the segmented worms Annelida means “little ring”Annelida means “little ring” They have complex body parts, like They have complex body parts, like

blood vessels, nerves, excretory blood vessels, nerves, excretory organs and respiratory organs. organs and respiratory organs.

Most are Most are hermaphroditeshermaphrodites which which means that they have both male and means that they have both male and female reproductive organs in the female reproductive organs in the same worm.same worm.

Some are free-living like the Some are free-living like the earthwormearthworm

Earthworm’s Earthworm’s matingmating

Some are parasitic like the Some are parasitic like the leechleech

Notice the “rings” or Notice the “rings” or segmentssegments

We informally divide the animal We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: kingdom into 2 groups:

Invertebrates and VertebratesInvertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 officially divided into 9

major groups called major groups called phyla.phyla.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Invertebrates

9

Vertebrates

phylum: phylum: MolluscaMollusca Soft body, some with shell.Soft body, some with shell. FootFoot- muscle used for movement - muscle used for movement

and feeding.and feeding. MantleMantle- tissue that secretes shell - tissue that secretes shell

or covers body organs.or covers body organs. Most live in water.Most live in water. 3 Groups...3 Groups...

BivalvesBivalves- use muscular foot to - use muscular foot to dig and pull through sanddig and pull through sand Some “swim” Some “swim” They have 2 shells They have 2 shells

Examples: clams, oysters, mussels, scallops

ScallopsScallops

MusselsMusselsVideo

GastropodGastropod- - one or no shell, most one or no shell, most live in the water, but some live on live in the water, but some live on land. They breathe through their skin land. They breathe through their skin

snail

slug

Cephalopod-Cephalopod- “head foot”, most “head foot”, most intelligent of the invertebrates, intelligent of the invertebrates, complex eyes, deadly predatorscomplex eyes, deadly predators

Octopus

More cephalopods- the More cephalopods- the squidsquid

phylum: Echinodermataphylum: Echinodermata

Spiny skinnedSpiny skinned Tube feetTube feet- suction cups that allow - suction cups that allow

them to move by attaching to them to move by attaching to surfacessurfaces

AquaticAquatic Radial symmetryRadial symmetry

Sea Cucumber

Starfishregeneration

Sea Urchin

Brittle Star

phylum: phylum: ArthropodArthropod

Largest animal phylumLargest animal phylum jointed legs and segmented bodiesjointed legs and segmented bodies tough exoskeleton that doesn’t growtough exoskeleton that doesn’t grow many different many different appendagesappendages

(structures attached to the main (structures attached to the main body)body)

5 main groups5 main groups

CrustaceansCrustaceans

2 body segments, 10 legs, gills, aquatic2 body segments, 10 legs, gills, aquatic

They are the crayfish, lobster, crab, They are the crayfish, lobster, crab, shrimp and this newly discovered shrimp and this newly discovered furry crustacean.furry crustacean.

InsectsInsects- 3 body segments, 6 - 3 body segments, 6 legs legs

most numerous group of most numerous group of animals on earth.animals on earth.

Stag Beetle

Grasshopper

Honeybee Mosquito

ArachnidsArachnids- 2 body segments and 8 - 2 body segments and 8 legs, with fangs, many are legs, with fangs, many are

poisonouspoisonous

Scorpions spiders

Ticks

All spiders have All spiders have spinneretsspinnerets which produce silk. which produce silk.

ChilopodsChilopods- many segments - many segments with 2 legs per segment, with 2 legs per segment,

carnivorouscarnivorous

Centipedes

DiplopodsDiplopods- many segments - many segments with 4 legs per segment, with 4 legs per segment,

herbivoresherbivores

millipede

Kingdom Animal:Kingdom Animal: The remaining animals we will study all The remaining animals we will study all

belong to the same phylum: belong to the same phylum: ChordataChordata. . Most of the animals in this group are Most of the animals in this group are called “Vertebrates” because they have called “Vertebrates” because they have an internal skeleton and backbone an internal skeleton and backbone called a vertebra.called a vertebra.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Invertebrates

9

Vertebrates

Nonvertebrate Chordates- There are two small groups of animals that do not have backbones. However they do have the other characteristics of chordates. They are body soft-bodied marine animals

Tunicate

Lancelet

Although they seem like simple animals, fossil evidence indicatesthat they are distant relatives of ours!

phylum Chordataphylum Chordata Also commonly called “vertebrates”Also commonly called “vertebrates” Have backbone(vertebrae) plus Have backbone(vertebrae) plus

other bonesother bones dorsal, hollow nerve cord which dorsal, hollow nerve cord which

develops into the spinal corddevelops into the spinal cord developed brain and nervous developed brain and nervous

systemsystem

Jawless fishJawless fish-- skeleton of cartilage, skeleton of cartilage, open gills and no jaw.open gills and no jaw.

HagfishLamprey

Here are the 7 Classes of Chordates:

Cartilaginous fish-Cartilaginous fish- these fish have these fish have skeletons of cartilage, open gills, but skeletons of cartilage, open gills, but

definitely jawsdefinitely jaws

Manta Ray

Great White Shark

HammerheadShark

Bony FishBony Fish - -most common of the fish, most common of the fish, bony skeleton, gill coversbony skeleton, gill covers

Parrotfish Sea Horse

Goldfish

Walleye

ToadFrog

Tadpole

Amphibians- Adapted to life in wet places. Must return to water to reproduce. smooth, moist skin.Ectothermic-like the fish, their body temperature is controlled by the external environment. “cold-blooded”

Salamander

ReptilesReptiles- scaly skin, ectothermic, - scaly skin, ectothermic, lay shelled eggs on landlay shelled eggs on land

Komodo Dragon

Painted turtle

Tortoise

Crocodile

Rattlesnake

Python

Some can fly

BirdsBirds- lays eggs on land, feathers- lays eggs on land, feathersendothermicendothermic- body maintains a constant - body maintains a constant temperature “warm-blooded”temperature “warm-blooded”

Robin Egret

Hummingbird

Some can’t fly

Emu

Penguin

Ostrich

Chicken

MammalsMammals- hair or fur, live births,- hair or fur, live births, endothermic, produce food for young endothermic, produce food for young in in mammary glandsmammary glands Bat

Dugong nursing young

ChipmunkGiraffe

Mammals are most versatile of all animals, Mammals are most versatile of all animals, living in all sorts of habitats.living in all sorts of habitats.

Humans are mammals too, Humans are mammals too, belonging in the order: Primates. belonging in the order: Primates. Here are some of our close Here are some of our close relativesrelatives