Animal Disease Control Training on Applied Veterinary Epidemiology and Animal Disease Diagnosis for Animal Health Research Personnel, Central Luzon State University Science City of Munoz , Nueva Ecija, 23-27 May 2016 Noemi Diloy- Encarnacion, DVM, MVetEpi Assistant Professor 1 Cavite State University Don Severino Delas Alas Campus, Indang, Cavite
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Animal
Disease
Control
Training on Applied Veterinary Epidemiology and Animal Disease Diagnosis for Animal Health Research Personnel,
Central Luzon State University Science City of Munoz , Nueva Ecija, 23-27 May 2016
Noemi Diloy- Encarnacion, DVM, MVetEpiAssistant Professor 1
Cavite State UniversityDon Severino Delas Alas Campus, Indang,
Cavite
Session objectives
At the end of this topic, the participants should be able to:
• Assess the importance of localdiseases based on selected criteria;
• Distinguish prevention, control anderadication; and
• Describe the various strategies foranimal disease control.
DISEASE
The Philippine economy grew faster than most other regions in Asia.
DISEASE:TRADE BARRIER
ANIMAL DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Reduction, elimination or eradication of livestock and poultry diseases and the
prevention of the introduction or outbreak of foreign or domestic diseases.
Prevention - prevent disease occurrence
Disease control - reduction of the prevalence ofa disease to a level where it is no longerconsidered a major health and/or economicproblem
Disease elimination – near eradication stage
– WHO (1991) defines it as “reduction of prevalenceto a level below one case per million population
Eradication - total elimination of a disease
– no further cases of a disease occurring anywhere,and continued control measures are unnecessary
OIE GUIDELINES FOR OBTAINING RECOGNITION AS BEING FREE FROM AN EPIZOOTIC DISEASE
• Stage 1: Provisional Freedom from Disease– Absence of disease from the country– No vaccination
• Stage 2: Freedom from Disease– Ceased vaccination for a prescribed period– No outbreaks of the disease– Surveillance
• Stage 3: Freedom from Infection– Absence of causative agent– Preventive measures
How do you know a good disease control officer?
1. He/she knows how to make a “priority” list
2. He/she responds quickly
3. He/she can mobilize the right persons for the task: diagnose, control, and monitor disease problems.
4. He/she can control the disease with the least cost.
Choose the disease to control
Public Health Significance Impact on the livestock industry
1. What zoonotic diseases occur more frequently?
2. What zoonotic diseases cause severe sickness in humans?
3. Present mortality and morbidity rates
1. How easily is the disease transmitted from farm to farm?
2. What are the losses due to morbidity? 3. What are the losses due to mortality? 4. What are the effects on trade and
commerce?
Prioritization
• Ranking of items based on their “perceived or measured importance or significance”
Estimate the Monetary ValueCost of disease Cost of disease
control Benefits of disease control
Costs due to mortality
costs due to morbidity
Costs associated with
treatment
Extra labor to nurse the sick
animals
Prohibition of sales of animal
products (ex. milk)
Increase in food conversion
index
Impact on trade
Diagnostic tests
Vaccines
Drugs
Travel costs
Staff costs
Vehicles
Equipment
Genetic loss due to
the slaughter policy
etc.
Benefit =
Losses due to the disease without control project
− Losses due to the disease with control project =
RATIONALE FOR ESTABLISHING A DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM
1. the disease situation
2. disease impacts (animal and public health, food safety, food security, biodiversity and socioeconomic impact) and how these are distributed among stakeholders
3. identity, level of interest and involvement of stakeholders
Stakeholder Interest Influence/Importance Issues with the stakeholder Strategy
CVMBS, CVSU Prestige. To be recognized as a veterinary institution that is not only capable of providing quality instruction but also promoting and providing relevant research and extension activities. Indirectly a form of promotion that will attract more enrollees and thus will increase its income and budget allocation.
High Getting support from the university Contributions in implementing a control program will be recognized by local executives and public
Present a paper to the university on the program to include benefits, etc and the support university will get All activities will have the logo of the university, will be bannered as in cooperation with the university, etc.
PVO, MAO A good opportunity to promote and achieve one of their goals on safeguarding animal health from highly contagious diseases such as rabies
High Obtaining linkages Their offices will be highly recognized in the program implementation The fact that it is them who are primarily responsible in the control of animal diseases in the province or municipality and thus shall be the one initiating the project
A memorandum of understanding that shall lay out the ground rules of a positive cooperative effort. The names of their offices will be mentioned/ posted in all activities This issue will be considered/addressed in the memorandum of agreement
Collaborating Agencies (Provincial Health Officer, Animal Bite Center)
Rabies elimination in the human population
High There is a lack of mutual understanding of and accounting for differences in individual agency missions, of objectives and in the case of the health sector, differences in the approach of disease prevention, detection and control, and of the full range of impacts of disease control efforts in animal and human health.
Formulate efficient communication system by
bringing the heads of these agencies together to develop a shared goal for an integrated, coordinated disease control program and to define the roles of each collaborating agency
CONTROL PROGRAM GOALS
• desired results or impacts that a control program envisions, plans and commits to achieve
“As is”
situation
“To be” situation
Control Program
a. Improve control of swine respiratory diseases in Bulacan
b. Control and management of surra in the Philippines