� Arte Y Reglas de la Lengua TagalaArte Y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala
Francisco San Joseph 1610
Bataan, Philippines
Capitulo Diez y nueve:
De los NumeralesDe los numeros comunes
La cuenta de la plata y del oro
Cuenta de Basijas
Para contrar Dias y los de mas Tiempos
Para distansias de lugares
(pahina 264 - 288)
� Vocabulario de la Lengua TagalaVocabulario de la Lengua TagalaPedro de San Buena Ventura 1613
Pila, Laguna
Aklat patungkol sa Pamilangan
Bilang Arte Y Reglas
San Joseph 1610
10 polo.
Pahina
264100 sangdaan.
1 000 sanglibo265
10 000 Sanglaksa 10⁴266
100 000 Sanyuta 10⁵266
100 000 000 sangbahala 10⁸266
Archimedes (287-212 BC) in
his essay The Sand Reckoner
built a system of numbers
called myriad for 10 000 and
myriad myriad 100 000 000.
Bilang Vocabulario Tagala
San Buena Ventura 1613
Iba pa
10 powo Pahina
689
Combes 1667 (10⁶)
Sa guita (Bagobo)
Secati (Tiruray)
UST Archivos Libros
Kati 10⁷
Tolentino 1937
Sansita 10⁷
100 daan 646
1 000 libo 668
10 000 laksa 664
100 000 yuta 615
1 000 000 angao(sampowong yuta) 207
10 000 000 kati/sansita
100 000 000(up to maximun 10¹²)
bahala
angao-angao
615
368
SB 253 : Diezmil : Lacsa pc : vt, ang sanglacsang taon
sa langit, ay, bilang mamaghapun lamang, diezmil
anos en el çielo son como no mas de un dia,
SB 615 : zienmil : yota pp : sangpovong yota .|. di
sangpovong yota? no son 100000?
SB 368 : Infinito : Angao angao pp : en numero que
nose puedo contar, dile sasang angao angao na di
muntic man mabibilang, es vn numero infinito, que de
ninguna manera se puede contar.
SB 368 : Infinito : Hoyang pp : sin numero, salamat
nang valan hoyang sa may gava sa lahat, infinas
graçias seden al haçedor de todas las cosas Eterno.
Jean-Paul G. POTET 1992
Numeral Expressions in Tagalog
1992 Volume 44 pp. 167-181
Personal communication 2011
Abacus ng Intsik
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Mancala 2x6, 2x8, 2x10
Tchuka; Chanka 2x6 Chongkak 2x8, 2x10(Congklak or Conka)
Mungala 2x6
Vietnam-Ô Ăn Quan
Tchonka 2x7(Pacific Islands)
Chakot 2x4Tungkayon
Sungka 2x7
The dominant
variation can be
found in the
Philippines Voogt 1999
© 2010 Comandante
Based from Culin 1894; Fritz 1904, Annandale 1902)
Pagkalat ng Sungka at Sigay
(right)
Cypraea moneta
Chinese Shell money 1600 – 800 BC
The cowries which had been used in the Shang Dynasty must come from the
southeast coastal area because even in the present the natives of Southeast Asia still call the cowries 'Bia’. This pronunciation is most similar to the ancient Chinese one (Page 17).
Pahina 479 (San Buenaventura 1613)
Pescado : Biya/Sisi pp : blanco y muy hordinario en todas partes en la Silanga en particular.
CHINESE ERA- COWRIE USE DATE LOCATION
Neolithic 3300-2000 BC Western inland
Early Shang Dynasties-
cowries spread
2000-1600 BC Northwest to
Central Plains
Shang and Zhou
Dynasties-Peak use
1600-650 BC Northwest to
Southwest
Warring States –
waning use/bronze
650-221 BC North of Chang-
jiang River
Qin to the Han
Dynasty-disappearance
221 BC-220AD North of Chang-
jiang River
Peng and Zhu 1995
Peng and Zhu 1995
Kinoshita 1996
Shell Trade and
Exchange in the
Prehistory of the
Ryukyu Archipelago
Kinoshita 1996
Pahina 253 (San Buenaventura 1613)Diez : Pouo pc : l. polo, llegando a diez contando, sangpouong tomoro, diez jemes, macapopouo, diez veçes, macapopouo pang gayon, dies tanto, labin anim, diez yseys.Diez : Mamolo pp : acada uno. l. tigpopouo, bibigyan camo nang tigpopouong tampal, daran nos cada diez sopapos, palabolan mo sila nang mamolo, dales diez acada uno.
Pilipino SungkaHanay 1: 7 x 7 = 49Hanay 2: 7 x 7 = 49Bahay 1 = 1Bahay 2 = _ 1_Kabuoan 100
Nawawalang Tainga
© Comandante 2010
Sinaunang Sungka:
Pambilang
San Joseph 1610
labi sa angao Pahina
266labi sa yota
labi sa laksa
labi sa libo 265
macalima powo 277
mamolo 273
tigpipito 272
pito pito/ pitohin 271
Isa Bila
Pamilangan
San Buenaventura 1613
Pahina 663
Tagalog - Labi
Spanish
Sobrar
Bordo
Lauio
Beço
Boca
Diez
Cowries as burial goods
were found in Musang
Cave Penablanca,
Cagayan Province.
Carbon-14 Dating
indicated a time period of
3200-2000 BC.
Thiel 1978
Rice
Terraces
May kinalaman ang ALTARAN sa kalakalan ng
Sigay sa nakalipas. Comandante 2009
Chapter 19
Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala
San Joseph 1610 (Bataan)
“They have many kind of ships of very different
shapes and names with which they conduct wars
and go sailing; bigger ones are called vireyes which
can load up to 100 peolple... Cargo vessels are
called birocos .”
Boxer Codex 1590
.
Before the Spaniards came...
= 21
BIROCOS
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 ________________________________________________
21 42 63 84 105 126 147 168 189 210
Maaring
Pinagkuhanan
ng hugis wala
©
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Angono
Baybayin
Numerals (neolithic)
Italy1521
De Arts
Suppurtandi
(Tonstall)
Possible
Baybayin
Numerals 500-1000 AD
Baybayin Numerals© Comandante 2009
No. O2009-714