BMW Group Research and Technology Nov. 27, 2007 page 1 Anforderungen an das Automobil der Zukunft. BMW Group Forschung und Technik Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Raymond Freymann BMW Group Forschung und Technik
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 1
Anforderungen an das Automobil der Zukunft.
BMW GroupForschung und Technik
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Raymond Freymann
BMW Group Forschung
und Technik
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 2
120 Years of Car Development. A Story of Success.
1886
1908 1930
1950
1965 1960
?1975
2007
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 3
Population and Vehicle
Distribution. Significant
Differences
Between
World Regions.
300
464
82128
1311
1122
224 242
49 5714 10
747
522598
445
11 9
6555
737
112
World USA EU-25 Germany Japan China India
Population (Million)
Passenger Vehicles (Million)
Passenger Vehicles per 1000 Persons
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 4
Megatopics
in the
Automotive Industry. The
Challenges
of the
Future.
Social Acceptance
Society DynamicsCosts
Safety
Energy Raw Materials
Traffic Management
Environmental Compatibility
Individual
Mobility
........
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 5
1500
1000
500
01860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060
Exajoules(Exa
= 1018) Open
Geo/Ocean
Solar
New biomass
Wind
Nuclear
Hydro
Natural gas
Oil
Coal
Trad. biomass
Source: Shell AGCleanEnergy -fr-070800 -0027
Sustained
Growth Scenario
of World Energy
Demand.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 6
Possible Types of Energy for Passenger Cars. From Primary Energy to Fuel.
Petrol HydrogenPropane/Butane MethaneDiesel EthanolSeed oil Methanol
Batterypower
Electricity
Exhaustible Energy
Petroleum, Natural gas, Coal Nuclear fuel
Renewable EnergySolar irradiation, Hydro-electric power, Wind power
Biomass
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 7
Storage, distribution and filling
Power generation
by
the
clean combustion
of hydrogen
Generation of hydrogen from unlimited and renewable sources
A Sustainable
Hydrogen
Economy. The
CleanEnergy
Cycle.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 8
Research in Hydrogen Technology. From Basics to Attractive Technologies.
1980
1990
2000
CryoDI
H2 Record Car
PEM-APU
CleanEnergy
WorldTourFirst LH2
-Vehicle Hydrogen Generation
LH2
-Fill upLH2
Robot Filling Stationat Munich Airport
First LH2
-Engine
Testbench
LH2
Testing Facilities
Hydrogen 7
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 9
CleanEnergy
–
BMW H7.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 10
FreeshapePressure
VesselLiquid H2
Improving
Dormancy Lightweight
Nano
Cubes/ MOFs
Organic
Hydride
FullereneNano-
TubesNano-
FibersActivated
Carbon Zeolithe
Micro
Spheres
Conducting
Polymers
Complex
Metal hydrideSCH2
Metalhydride
Chemical
Hydride
Hydrogen
Storage. Many (Theoretical) Possibilities Existing.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 11
Liquid Hydrides -
A Realistic Vision of an Alternative Fuel Scenario?
FUEL FILLING STATION
ICEHeat
ExchangerReactor
+Catalyst
LiquidStorage
Liquid Hydride Fuel
PRODUCTION & DISTRIBUTION
Heat
H2
Heat
Heat
H2
Discharged Fuel
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 12
Fuel Cell APU. 42 V / 5 kW.
GENERATION 1
GENERATION 3
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 13
Power/Mass
Characteristics
of Vehicles with
Different Drive Train
Systems.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 14
BMW H2 R today12 CylinderDisplacement 6 lPower 190 kW
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine. Plenty of Power and a High Efficiency.
BMW H7 / Bifuel and tomorrow4 CylinderDisplacement 2 lPower 200 kW
BMW Monofuel
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 15
H2
-Internal Combustion
Engine
Development. Engine
Test Bench.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 16
Energy
Efficiency
of Vehicles. The
Target
is
to Increase
the
Overall Efficiency.
Energy Flow Related to the Best OperatingPoint of an Internal Combustion Engine
MechanicalPower
Exhaust Gas Thermal Power
Cooling SystemThermal Power Generator
Power SteeringRoll Stabilization
Water PumpOil PumpGearbox
-
Rolling ResistanceAerodynamic Resistance
Brake Energy
Aux
.
Res
ista
nces
Fuel Energy
ExhaustGas
Energy
Gea
rbox
CoolingSystemEnergy
Differential
MechanicalEnergy
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 17
BMW Turbosteamer. A System for
the
Recovery
of Heat
Losses.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 18
Diversity of Energy Forms in a Vehicle. From Fuel to Vehicle Functions.
Traction Force
Engine FanCoolant Pump
Oil Pump
Heat Losses
Mechanical Energy
InternalCombustion
EngineFuel
Thermal Energy Exhaust Coolant
Thermal Losses
Hydraulic Losses
Mechanical Losses
Electrical Losses
Vehicle Functions
Pneumatic Systems
Hydraulic Systems
Electrical Systems
Thermal Systems
Alternator Electrical Energy
A/C Compressor Cooling Capacity
Compressor Pneumatic Energy
Pump Hydraulic Energy
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 19
BMW Research –
Alternative Drivetrains. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles.
1970
2006
1972: BMW 1602 with
Acid-Lead
Battery
1993: BMW E1with
NaS-Battery
2003: X5Active-Hybridwith
Super Caps
Electric
Hybrid
1995: 316i
Serial
Hybridwith
NaNiCl-Battery
1994: 518i
Parallel-Hybridwith
NiMH-Battery
1987: BMW 325 with
NaS-Battery
1992: BMW 325with
NaNiCl-Battery
1996: BMW 325with
NaNiCl-Battery
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 20
Saves
15% of fuel
ActiveHybrid
Concept
Car. EfficientDynamics
Approach.
Exceptional Vehicle
Response
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 21
Traffic
and Accident
Numbers. The
Situation in Germany.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1953 1970 1980 1990 20051963
Total Mileage
Accidents
Fatalities
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt 2007
%
Active
Safety
Passive Safety
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 22
ConnectedDrive
Driver
Vehicle
Environment
MoreSafety
GreaterEfficiency
ComfortEnhancement
ConnectedDrive. Connecting
Driver-Automobile-Environment.
ConnectedDrive
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 23
Vehicle-Environment
Connectivity. Near
Field
Perception
Capabilities.
Risk
Assessment
Decision
Unit
Controller
Actuators:Brake-System
Short Range RadarVision System
Long Range Radar
Path
Prediction
State Observer Ego Vehicle
Object
Path
Prediction
Sensor Data
Fusion, Tracking
Multi Sensor Object
Detection
Lidar
Video
RadarLidar
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 24
Car2X Connectivity
Scenarios.Far Field
Perception
Capabilities.
Car2X
Car2Home
Car2Enterprise
Car2CustomerPortal
Car2MobileDevice
Car2Tag
Car2TrafficInfrastructure
Car2Car
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 25
Car2Car and Car2Infrastructure.Safety
Applications.
Local Danger Warning Cross Traffic Warning
Red Light Warning Traffic Sign Recognition
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 26
Advanced
Driver Assistance
Systems. ADAS Evolution.
Cruise Control
ABS
DSC
Navi
ACC
Night
Vision
Lane
Change
Lane
Departure
ACC Stop&Go
Brake
Assistant
Autonomous
Stop&Go
Collision
Avoidance
Autonomous
Driving
?
Intersection
Assist
1940
1970
1990
2000
2010+
20xx
Collision
Warning
Speed
Limit Info
Park
Assist
Car2X-
Communication
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 27
Ignition
Lights Control SwitchesDashboard
Turn Signals
Starter
Control SwitchesSteering Column
Distributer
Radio
StandardEquipment
OptionalEquipment
E/E-Platform. The
Onboard
Network of 1957.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 28
Anti-theftSystem
Tire PressureControl
Rain Sensor
LightSwitching
Module
HeatingControl
HeatingControl(Rear)
1 Axle AirSuspension
ControlCenter
Mid-Console
TrailerModule
InstrumentCluster
Car AccessSystem
Security andInformation
Module
AutomobileCenter
Door ModulePassenger‘s
Side
HumanMachineInterface
ParkingDistanceControl
Digital DieselEngine
Electronic 1
ActiveCruiseControl
CentralSwitches
Steering Column
Door ModuleDriver’s Side Left A Pillar
Left B Pillar
Right A Pillar
Right B Pillar
Door FrontLeft
Driver‘s Seat
Audio SystemKontroller
Door FrontRight
Rear Seat
Aktive RollStabiliser
DynamicStabilityControl
ElectronicTransmission
Control
Passenger‘sSeat
Door ModuleDriver‘s Side
Rear
Door ModulePassenger’s
Side Rear
SeatingModuleDriver
Seating Module
Passenger
Antenna Tuner Multi MediaChanger
Audio-CDChangerVideo Module
ControlCenter Mid-
Console Rear
Adaptive LightControl
ElectronicDamperControl
Electromech.ParkingBrake
Wheel SpeedSensor
Seating ModulePassenger’s
Side Rear
Powermodul
Digital DieselEngine
Elektronik 2
Sun Roof
ChassisIntegration
Module
Amplifier
NavigationSystem
TelephoneInterface
VoiceRecognition
System
HeadsetInterface
Rear DoorLift
Seating ModuleDriver’s Side
Rear
Auxiliary / Additional
Heater
Controller
Wiper Module
StandardEquipment
OptionalEquipment
DiagnosisAccess
CentralGatewayModule
K-CAN System MOST K-CAN Peripherie byteflight PT-CAN
E/E-Platform. The
Onboard
Network of 2001.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 29
Vision of a Future in Vehicle
Architecture. A Cluster of Domain Computers.
ComfortDomainServer
Infotainment DomainServer
EngineDomainServer
Driver assistantDomainServer
Switch
ChassisDomainsServer
- 10 Mbit/s
-100 Mbit/s
- 1 Gbit/s
- 10 Gbit/s
- ?? Gbit/s
Ethernet Internet Protocol
Only five ECUs in the future??
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 30
Human-Machine-Interface.
Spirit
of St.Louis Cockpit 1927
BMW 328 MM Cockpit 1938
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 31
BMW 740 i Cockpit 1994
Boeing 747 Cockpit 1989
Human-Machine-Interface.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 32
BMW 745 i Cockpit 2001
Boeing 777 Cockpit 1995
Human-Machine-Interface.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 33
Women and Cars.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 34
Driver Distribution per Vehicle Segment and Gender in the USA and in the EU.
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
UKL1 UKL2 KKL MKL GKL
MenWomen
Small Medium Large Cars
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
UKL0 UKL1 UKL2 KKL MKL GKL
MenWomen
Small Medium Large Cars
USA
EU
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 35
Today
and Tomorrow. The
Aging
Society.
In 2050, 20% of most the world will consist of 60+ people. Most of the westernworld will have a figure as high as 30%
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 36
Customer
Requirements.
sportiness/performance/driveabilityinnovative
information & communicationbrand image
. . .
stylingrobustness/reliability
safetyinterior space
fun to drivefun to operate / handle / interact
product values / enterprise values
well adapted interior designstore-room within drivers reach
security. . .
comforteasy entry and exitdriver assistance
security/health & medicare. . .
All Customers
“Young” Generation
Women "Silver" Generation
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 37
Chain of Vehicle
Derivatives.
VAN
Coupe
Touring
SEDAN
Convertible
Roadster
"Heavy Duty"4WD
"Heavy Duty"Luxury 4WD
Sport ActivityVehicle
MiniVan
CROSSOVER
CROSSOVER
CROSSOVER
CROSSOVER
CROSSOVER
CROSSOVER
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 38
Our
Motivation. A Sustainable
Individual
Mobility.
BMW Group Research and TechnologyNov. 27, 2007page 39
Anforderungen an das Automobil der Zukunft.
BMW GroupForschung und Technik
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Raymond Freymann
BMW Group Forschung
und Technik