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© 2012 National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.1
Andy Fox1,2, Tim Hoar2, Marcy Litvak3, Natasha Macbean1 & David Moore1
1. University of Arizona2. National Center for Atmospheric Research3. University of New Mexico
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Desert Grassland 1596 m Desert Shrubland 1605 m
Juniper Savanna 1926 m
Piñon-Juniper 2126 m
Ponderosa Pine 2486 m
Mixed Conifer 3049 m
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Elevation 1596m 1605m 1926m 2126m 2486m 3049m
DominantSpecies
Boutelouaeriopoda,
B. gracilis
Larreatridentata
B. eriopda
Juniperusmonosperma
B. Eriopoda
Pinus edulis,J.monosperma
Pinusponderosa,Quercusgambelii
Picea pugensP.engelmanniiAbieslasiocarpa, A. concolor
MAT (°C) 13.4°C 14.4°C 11.2°C 10.8°C 6.3°C 3.1°C
MAP (mm) 195mm 195mm 250mm 375mm 600mm 800mm
Monsoon Precip (%) 70% 70% 53% 45% 45% 36%
DesertGrassland
DesertShrubland
Juniper Savanna
Piñon-JuniperWoodland
Ponderosa PineForest
MixedConifer Forest
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• Using CLM4.5 BGC• PTCLM set up for each of 6 sites as
accurately as possible• PFT fractions of Bare, C4 grass, shrub
and Needleleaf Evergreen - Temperate• Sand/Clay fractions• Spun up by cycling 9 years of site
meteorology data
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• Carbon fluxes “OK” at grassland, shrubland and highest elevation site
• Seasonal patterns are key, and poorly simulated
• Difficult to determine sensitivities in IAV• The spun up carbon stocks seem to be
far too low
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• Model Structure• Model Parameter• Initial Conditions/Model States• Spin Up• Boundary Conditions
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Montané et al. (Submitted) GMDD
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Coming in CLM5.0 (?)
Litvak et al. 2016 - 2019 NSF Proposal: Hydrological tipping points and desertification of semi-arid woodlands
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Post et al. 2017 JGR-Biogeosciences
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Courtesy Bill Kolby-Smith, UA
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© 2012 National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.28Georgia O’Keeffe – “Black Mesa Landscape”
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Matthes et al. 2016 JGR-Biogeosciences Paciorek et al. 2016 PLoS-ONE
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• Tower-based open-path eddy covariance (since 2007)– Net Ecosystem Exchange of carbon , Latent Heat flux, Sensible Heat flux
• Carbon pools – aboveground biomass, leaf area index, course/fine woody debris, litter, soil
• Micrometeorological variables– Air T, RH, Net radiation and components, PAR, Soil T and H2O , precipitation
• Physiology– Leaf-level gas exchange, soil, foliar and bole respiration, sap flow, soil CO2,
chlorophyll fluorescence• Detailed ecosystem structure and function
— Airborne LiDAR (summer 2011), QuickBird (5 acquisitions, 2011-2013) — NDVI and PRI sensors, phenocams, phenology surveys