Abstract In recent survey more than eleven thousand people are suffering from full disablement or partial disablement due to severe damage to brain, nervous system, of internal spinal injuries caused during accident or over dosage of medicines. Few diseases cannot be cured, because of which people suffer from lack of confidence to lead their life due to dependency. On other side people can’t do daily routine, hence both the patient and care taker suffer mentally and physically. Now a day’s people are in busy life style they hire a guardian or care taker to look after these people. By considering all the facts, this project was proposed to design a prototype of the wheel chair. This prototype functions with two modes; one is by recognizing the verbal command and another one by touching the mobile switch app. The module controls the course of the wheel chair by the user or guardian or caretaker using command or switch. The system uses android designed application to communicate with the wheel chair using Bluetooth. The infrared sensor is used to detect the obstacle during the course of collision. The system contains temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the disabled person which will be helpful in unhealthy condition.
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Android speech and touch based smart wheel chair for physically disablities
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Abstract
In recent survey more than eleven thousand people are suffering from full
disablement or partial disablement due to severe damage to brain, nervous system, of
internal spinal injuries caused during accident or over dosage of medicines. Few diseases
cannot be cured, because of which people suffer from lack of confidence to lead their life
due to dependency. On other side people can’t do daily routine, hence both the patient
and care taker suffer mentally and physically. Now a day’s people are in busy life style
they hire a guardian or care taker to look after these people. By considering all the facts,
this project was proposed to design a prototype of the wheel chair.
This prototype functions with two modes; one is by recognizing the verbal
command and another one by touching the mobile switch app. The module controls the
course of the wheel chair by the user or guardian or caretaker using command or switch.
The system uses android designed application to communicate with the wheel chair using
Bluetooth. The infrared sensor is used to detect the obstacle during the course of collision.
The system contains temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the disabled person
which will be helpful in unhealthy condition.
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Android speech and touch based smart wheel chair for physically disablities
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Android Based Switch and Voice Controlled Wheel Chair
Department of ECE, SJCE, Mysuru 1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
People who are unable to walk are using wheel chair, exert great amount of energy using
physical strength to turn and steel the wheels. With verbal being their guide the disabled would
save energy and could use their hands and arms for other activities. Controlling an object with
verbal is of great use for the disabled person to lead their life without depending on others.
Patient intricate in physical wounds and inabilities with mental quality battle to overcome
places utilizing the traditional hand controlled wheelchair. This anticipates empowers a
framework for computerized movement which can be controlled by any smartphone. The
primary idea required in this anticipates is smartphone, which has an android as an operating
system (OS). Android has an inbuilt speech processing and Bluetooth transceiver for
communication. The second principle piece of this framework design has atmega8
microcontroller, which drives the different headings of the dc motor for directional development
of wheelchair.
1.1 Motivation
In India 120 million individuals crippled [6] and up to forty-one percent are special abled.
Quantity of incapacitated individuals is expanding because of an accidents and the disorder like
loss of motion. In the event that a man is physically impeded, he is dependent to other individual
for the daily routines transport, nourishment and so forth. Motor disability is a condition that
influences individual's capacity to do motor errand, for example, moving and controlling items.
A man with motor handicap may utilize the assistive innovation (AT) gear like wheelchair, so to
make physically incapacitated individual free. On this ground the assistive innovation gear is
manufactured and makes the disabled person to self-subordinate for movement reason.
1.2 Objectives
• To control the movement of the prototype wheelchair by voice & switch and display the
movement with the assistance of LCD.
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Department of ECE, SJCE, Mysuru 2
• To interface an IR module and piezoelectric buzzer to identify the obstruction close to the
wheelchair and give awareness of hindrance to the user or guardian or care taker.
• To interface a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the disabled person.
1.3 Problem statement
The physically able and the aged individuals with problem in movement are rising. There
are patients who have lost the control of one arm and one leg or both arms and legs, as a
consequence of larger amount spinal cord harm or cerebrum and nervous system issue. The
present wheelchairs don't have blend of innovation like voice controlled and switch controlled
wheelchair. There are two sorts of wheelchair which are available in the commercial sector like
hand worked and joystick worked wheelchairs. Because of physical weakness, they can't control
the wheelchairs appropriately by utilizing their hands.
1.4 Approach to the solution
Android based switch and voice controlled wheelchair contains two modules: Transmitter
unit and Receiver unit. Transmitter unit is an android phone which has switch application and
speech application. Recipient unit is set on the wheelchair side. From the android phone the
movement of the developed wheelchair is controlled. Depending upon the command given from
the android phone to the receiver unit put on the wheelchair, required action will be taken and
course is shown on the liquid crystal display (LCD) along with the temperature of the individual.
The receiver unit comprises of Atmega8 microcontroller, Bluetooth module, Infrared (IR)
module, LCD, Temperature sensor and piezoelectric buzzer. At the receiver unit microcontroller
receives the command from the smart phone, process the received data and sends the appropriate
control signal to the DC motor through motor driver. The movement of the wheelchair is shown
on the LCD. If there is an obstacle present in the way of wheelchair, it is identified by IR module
and displays "Obstacle Detected" on LCD and also by making sound through piezoelectric
buzzer.
1.5 Organization of the report
The report is organized as follows:
Android Based Switch and Voice Controlled Wheel Chair
Department of ECE, SJCE, Mysuru 3
Chapter 2 portrays the work done related to the topic Android based Switch and Voice controlled
Wheelchair.
Chapter 3 explains about various hardware components and software tools required.
Chapter 4 gives the explanation of flowcharts, design and implementation of Android based
switch and voice controlled wheelchair.
Chapter 5 depicts the consequences of different test made to check for the unwavering quality of
Android based switch and voice controlled wheelchair.
Chapter 6 gives the information about conclusion and scope for future work.
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Department of ECE, SJCE, Mysuru 4
Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
This chapter gives review of literatures referred from various IEEE papers and other
papers published in different journals.
2.1 Voice controlled wheelchair [1]
In this anticipate the individual can control the wheelchair by voice. Voice recognition
module has to be incorporated to the remote system. At first the voice command is stored in the
data base with the function keys. Remotely the information voice commands are transmitted. The
received voice command is sampled and recognized in speech framework where the speech is
recognized and coordinated by current specimen in the stored records. The voice recognition unit
perceives the voice and gives the information to control unit. The microcontroller processes the
received information and switches the movement of motor through driver circuit. This
framework keeps away from impediment with the assistance of obstacle avoider circuit.
2.2 Voice operated wheelchair [2]
This anticipates is the voice worked wheelchair for impeded individual, guided by using
assistance of verbal order from disabled individual. The prototype is battery fueled wheelchair
with DC motors. The verbal order given to the android mobile and changed over into the content
and this content is given to the microcontroller. The microcontroller controls the course of the
wheelchair by means of Bluetooth module. This anticipates utilizes IR framework to identify the
hindrance in the method for wheelchair. This wheelchair gives free development to the crippled
individual.
2.3 Voice based direction and speed control of wheelchair for physically challenged using
Arduino [3]
In this module information is given to the Arduino which is a microcontroller and used to
control the movement of wheelchair by means of two ways/modes. To begin with route is with
the assistance of verbal order and second way is with the assistance of a touch screen. The
HM2007 is utilized for speech identification purpose. A switch is utilized to change between two
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Department of ECE, SJCE, Mysuru 5
information modes. The Arduino microcontroller controls the movements of wheelchair rely on
upon the info signal received from any two modes. For the movement of wheelchair two DC
motors are utilized.
2.4 Voice operated intelligent wheelchair [4]
In this paper, it utilizes Matlab programming for audio sampling and decision making.
The processed information passed on to the ARM processor and depending on the decision
obtained movement of wheelchair is done by controlling DC motor. The input to the Matlab is
furnished with the assistance of mic, as indicated by information signal; microcontroller will
decides the movement of the DC motors.
2.5 Design and modeling of voice controlled wheelchair incorporated with home
automation [5]
This anticipates portrays the outline of a voice controlled wheelchair and home
apparatuses utilizing installed embedded framework. The voice recognition processor HM2007
is utilized to perceive the voice. The course of the wheelchair can chose utilizing the
predetermined voice command or switch. In this framework the individual sitting in the
wheelchair can work the home apparatuses i.e. exchanging ON and OFF through voice
commands without movement. This framework lessen the production cost as well as will give
extraordinary result with different sorts of electrical wheelchair.
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Department of ECE, SJCE, Mysuru 6
Chapter 3
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
This part gives insights about different hardware components and software utilized as a part of
execution of Android based voice empowered wheelchair.
3.1 Hardware Requirements
Android based voice enabled wheelchair requires the following hardware components:
ATMEGA8 microcontroller
IR Module
16x2 LCD
Motor Driver L293D
Bluetooth Module
Temperature Sensor LM35
Piezoelectric buzzer
The following segments describe the utilization of hardware and software components in our
prototype.
3.1.1 Atmega8 Microcontroller
For any embedded framework microcontroller is the heart. In this anticipate Atmega8
microcontroller is being utilized. Atmega8 is an elite, low power AVR 8-bit microcontroller.
Atmega8 microcontroller worked in three distinct modes.
Active: 3.6mA
Idle mode: 1.0mA
Power-down mode: 0.5µA
In this model Atmega8 microcontroller assumes a principle part, where it takes the
framework control both checking and mechanization. Here the whole function will be taken care
of concerning client characterized command. The command received from the android phone of
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Department of ECE, SJCE, Mysuru 7
client will be sent through remote module like Bluetooth. Once the command got from the
transmitter, it will be analyzed, based on that the controller takes the required action.
Fig.3.1: Overview of ATmega8 Microcontroller
The Atmega8 microcontroller shown in Fig.3.1 contains General Purpose Input Output
(GPIO), Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) and Analog to Digital (ADC)
blocks.
GPIO:
The GPIO pin is a multiplexed pin which can either send or receive the information or
can be configured as UART, interrupt, PWM or analog channel. There are four ports in atmega-8
port A, B, C, D to do general input or output operation specified by port direction setting register
or special purpose register. It can be enabled to use UART, PWM, ADC etc by enabling this
register disables the general input and output operation Fig.3.2 shows the specific registers used
for a single port.
Fig.3.2: Different port operation
If the port direction setting register is set to logic high the corresponding port is configured as
output, if it is set to logic low then it‟s configured as input.
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Department of ECE, SJCE, Mysuru 8
UART:
In most of the embedded microcontroller UART is used to convert the parallel data into
serial and serial into parallel, to be sent one by one for the long range. Most of the controller
supports the multi-processor communication and three modes of communication full duplex
mode can only be done with the help of inbuilt serial interrupt. Two communication can be done
one is synchronous mode another is asynchronous, this mode is known as independent mode.
The clock generated by internal baud rate generator gives the required clock for communication.
The general format of communication consist of one start bit usually not used, one stop bit in-
between eight bit data and a parity bit to check the error during transmission or reception of
packet. Fig.3.3 shows the time diagram of UART for communication.
Fig.3.3: Asynchronous data transfer timing diagram
ADC:
In normal most information is analog, whether it is temperature, pressure, voltage, and so
forth. Their variety is constantly analog in nature. The received information (Temperature) must
be processed. However the analog signal processing is deficient in terms of accuracy, speed and
desired output. Hence, we change them to digital form using an ADC.
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Department of ECE, SJCE, Mysuru 9
A sensor detects any physical parameter like temperature and converted into a
proportional simple analog electrical signal. The sensor furnish with analog yield, however a
microcontroller is a computerized one, subsequently we require an ADC. The Atmega8
microcontroller contains inbuilt an ADC. For processing, this analog signal is converted into a
digital signal using an ADC. This computerized signal is then given to the Microcontroller
(MCU) and is computed as needed. The computed information (Temperature) is shown on the
LCD.
3.1.2 IR Module
The basic idea is to transmit infrared light through IR-LEDs; which is then reflected by
any object as shown in Fig.3.4.
Fig.3.4: Basic function of module
3.1.3 IR Obstacle Sensor
This board can be used in two modes/ways: obstacle sensor and IR signal receiver and