Andrew Jackson as President 1828-1836 Jackson ’ s two terms in office were tough! Secession, depression, and even a good old fashion scandal met “Old Hickory”

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident1828-1836

Jackson’s two terms in office were tough! Secession, depression, and even a good old fashion scandal met “Old Hickory” in the White House.

The “Spoils” SystemThe “Spoils” SystemThe “Spoils” SystemThe “Spoils” SystemWhen Jackson took office, he fired many When Jackson took office, he fired many government workers and replaced them government workers and replaced them with supporters. with supporters.

““To the victor goes the spoils”To the victor goes the spoils”

Many of Jackson’s enemies saw this as a Many of Jackson’s enemies saw this as a corrupt practice. corrupt practice.

Jackson as Jackson as the devil, the devil, giving away giving away the spoilsthe spoils

The Tariff of The Tariff of Abominations Abominations The Tariff of The Tariff of

Abominations Abominations Tariff of 1824 Tariff of 1824 on iron goods and more on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports.expensive woolen and cotton imports.

Tariff of 1828 Tariff of 1828 higher tariffs on imported higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp].raw materials [like wool & hemp].

Both of these tariffs were passed by Both of these tariffs were passed by President Adams before Jackson, but President Adams before Jackson, but Jackson supported them as a way for Jackson supported them as a way for the federal government to make money.the federal government to make money.

The South was adamantly against it! The South was adamantly against it! The called it a “Tariff of Abominations!” The called it a “Tariff of Abominations!”

This caused goods in the south to rise in This caused goods in the south to rise in priceprice

Tariff of 1824 Tariff of 1824 on iron goods and more on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports.expensive woolen and cotton imports.

Tariff of 1828 Tariff of 1828 higher tariffs on imported higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp].raw materials [like wool & hemp].

Both of these tariffs were passed by Both of these tariffs were passed by President Adams before Jackson, but President Adams before Jackson, but Jackson supported them as a way for Jackson supported them as a way for the federal government to make money.the federal government to make money.

The South was adamantly against it! The South was adamantly against it! The called it a “Tariff of Abominations!” The called it a “Tariff of Abominations!”

This caused goods in the south to rise in This caused goods in the south to rise in priceprice

The Nullification CrisisThe Nullification CrisisThe Nullification CrisisThe Nullification Crisis• South Carolina was especially upset by South Carolina was especially upset by

the tariff. The Vice-President John C. the tariff. The Vice-President John C. Calhoun was from S.C. and he Calhoun was from S.C. and he proposed that states had the right to proposed that states had the right to Nullify (reject) federal laws that the Nullify (reject) federal laws that the states believed were unconstitutional. states believed were unconstitutional.

• Many in S.C. and around the country Many in S.C. and around the country believed this would lead to Civil War. believed this would lead to Civil War.

• Jackson would have none of it. He Jackson would have none of it. He refused the idea of nullification and refused the idea of nullification and told S.C they must follow federal law. told S.C they must follow federal law.

• South Carolina was especially upset by South Carolina was especially upset by the tariff. The Vice-President John C. the tariff. The Vice-President John C. Calhoun was from S.C. and he Calhoun was from S.C. and he proposed that states had the right to proposed that states had the right to Nullify (reject) federal laws that the Nullify (reject) federal laws that the states believed were unconstitutional. states believed were unconstitutional.

• Many in S.C. and around the country Many in S.C. and around the country believed this would lead to Civil War. believed this would lead to Civil War.

• Jackson would have none of it. He Jackson would have none of it. He refused the idea of nullification and refused the idea of nullification and told S.C they must follow federal law. told S.C they must follow federal law.

The The Webster-Hayne Webster-Hayne DebateDebate

The The Webster-Hayne Webster-Hayne DebateDebate

Sen. Daniel Sen. Daniel WebsterWebster[MA][MA]

Sen. Robert Sen. Robert HayneHayne[SC][SC]The debate was waged on the floor of congress and in The debate was waged on the floor of congress and in

the newspapers. South Carolina threatened to secede the newspapers. South Carolina threatened to secede (leave) the union. Daniel Webster answered that (leave) the union. Daniel Webster answered that threat with this famous linethreat with this famous line

WebsterWebster::Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!!!inseparable!!!

Jackson threatened to hang the Jackson threatened to hang the first nullifier he could get his first nullifier he could get his hands on. He would keep S.C. hands on. He would keep S.C. in the Union by force if in the Union by force if necessary. necessary. JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Our Federal

Union—it must be Union—it must be preserved!preserved!

CalhounCalhoun: : The Union, The Union, next to our liberty, next to our liberty, most dear.most dear.

Calhoun Ascends the Platform Calhoun Ascends the Platform that Leads to Despotism that Leads to Despotism

(dictatorship)(dictatorship)

Calhoun Ascends the Platform Calhoun Ascends the Platform that Leads to Despotism that Leads to Despotism

(dictatorship)(dictatorship)

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff CompromiseCompromise1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff

CompromiseCompromiseHenry Clay came up with a lower Henry Clay came up with a lower tariff Compromise and war was tariff Compromise and war was avoided. Jackson ran for re-election, avoided. Jackson ran for re-election, without Calhoun. The men were now without Calhoun. The men were now bitter enemies. bitter enemies.

Clays Clays Sews Up Sews Up JacksonJackson’’s s Mouth Mouth

The Cherokee Nation After The Cherokee Nation After 18201820

The Cherokee Nation After The Cherokee Nation After 18201820The Cherokee Nation had adapted The Cherokee Nation had adapted

“white ways” by 1820. Sequoya had “white ways” by 1820. Sequoya had developed a written language for the developed a written language for the Cherokee tongue, they had a Cherokee Cherokee tongue, they had a Cherokee constitution, and had fought for the constitution, and had fought for the U.S. many times. U.S. many times. But they were still But they were still

Native Americans and Native Americans and whites wanted their whites wanted their land. There had also land. There had also been gold discovered been gold discovered there in 1828 which there in 1828 which increased the pressure increased the pressure to move the Cherokee to move the Cherokee west of the Mississippi west of the Mississippi along with other eastern along with other eastern tribes. tribes.

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalJacksonJackson’’s believed that the only way to s believed that the only way to “save” the Indian was to move him away “save” the Indian was to move him away from whites. In 1830 the Indian Removal from whites. In 1830 the Indian Removal Act was passed. It ordered all tribes to be Act was passed. It ordered all tribes to be moved west of the Mississippi. moved west of the Mississippi.

The Cherokee sued and twice won The Cherokee sued and twice won Supreme Court cases to keep their land.Supreme Court cases to keep their land.

Cherokee Nation v. GACherokee Nation v. GA (1831)(1831)Worcester v. GAWorcester v. GA (1832)(1832)

Jackson was unimpressed:Jackson was unimpressed:

“ “John Marshall has made his decision, John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!”now let him enforce it!”

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal

Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1830-1839)(1830-1839)Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1830-1839)(1830-1839)

The Cherokee The Cherokee and other tribes and other tribes were forced were forced from their from their homes, put in homes, put in wagons, and wagons, and forced to march forced to march hundreds of hundreds of miles in the miles in the winter. winter. Thousands died Thousands died in this truly in this truly ugly incident in ugly incident in American American History known History known as the Trial of as the Trial of Tears. Tears.

In the whole scene there was an air of ruin and destruction, something which betrayed a final and (irreversible end) ; one couldn't watch without feeling one's heart wrung. The Indians were tranquil, but somber. There was one who could speak English and of whom I asked why the (they) were leaving their country. "To be free," he answered, We watch the expulsion of one of the most celebrated and ancient American peoples.

”—- Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America

Opposition to the 2Opposition to the 2ndnd Bank Bank of the United Statesof the United States

Opposition to the 2Opposition to the 2ndnd Bank Bank of the United Statesof the United States

• Jackson did not trust the 2Jackson did not trust the 2ndnd bank of bank of the United States. He felt that it the United States. He felt that it benefited the wealthy and was benefited the wealthy and was corrupt. He also hated the President corrupt. He also hated the President of the Bank, Nicholas Biddleof the Bank, Nicholas Biddle

• When Biddle asked for Congress to When Biddle asked for Congress to renew the Bank in 1832, Jackson renew the Bank in 1832, Jackson declared “war” on the bank. He declared “war” on the bank. He vetoed its renewal and withdrew vetoed its renewal and withdrew federal deposits from it and placed federal deposits from it and placed them into to smaller state banks. them into to smaller state banks.

• Biddle in retaliation brought the Biddle in retaliation brought the economy to a standstill by refusing economy to a standstill by refusing to loan money. to loan money.

• Jackson had yet another bitter Jackson had yet another bitter enemy. He seems to have a lot of enemy. He seems to have a lot of those! those!

The Bank & the 1832 The Bank & the 1832 ElectionElection

The Bank & the 1832 The Bank & the 1832 ElectionElectionJackson saw BiddleJackson saw Biddle’’s pushing s pushing

forward a bill to renew the forward a bill to renew the BankBank’’s charter earlier as an s charter earlier as an attempt to block his re-election!attempt to block his re-election!

Biddle & his associates Biddle & his associates preferred Henry Clay.preferred Henry Clay.

Jackson refused to sign the Jackson refused to sign the bill to re-charter.bill to re-charter.

The Bank is trying to The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will destroy me, but I will destroy it!destroy it!

The Bank was the hot issue in the election The Bank was the hot issue in the election of 1832. Jackson won the election because of 1832. Jackson won the election because the common people once again sided with the common people once again sided with him. him.

By 1841 the bank went bankrupt!By 1841 the bank went bankrupt!

Jackson saw BiddleJackson saw Biddle’’s pushing s pushing forward a bill to renew the forward a bill to renew the BankBank’’s charter earlier as an s charter earlier as an attempt to block his re-election!attempt to block his re-election!

Biddle & his associates Biddle & his associates preferred Henry Clay.preferred Henry Clay.

Jackson refused to sign the Jackson refused to sign the bill to re-charter.bill to re-charter.

The Bank is trying to The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will destroy me, but I will destroy it!destroy it!

The Bank was the hot issue in the election The Bank was the hot issue in the election of 1832. Jackson won the election because of 1832. Jackson won the election because the common people once again sided with the common people once again sided with him. him.

By 1841 the bank went bankrupt!By 1841 the bank went bankrupt!

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

Champion of Champion of the the ““Common ManCommon Man””??

A Hero?A Hero?

““KingKing””AndrewAndrew??

A Villain?A Villain?

OROR