Andreas Pospischil 1
Andreas Pospischil
1
v Introductionv Swiss canine
cancer registryv Comparing data
from dogs & humans in Switzerland
v Geographic distribution of canine cancer in Switzerland
2
Companion animal epidemiological study lacks
companion animal data since current and prior
veterinary registries are few in number and scattered
[Broenden et al. 2007]
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Why pet models for human cancer?
• Pets , i.e. dogs & cats closely share human environment
• Genetic/phenotypic analogy of many human and canine / feline tumour types
• First world countries: veterinary medical care of dogs and cats largely comparable to human medical care (diagnostic procedures, surgery,, drug treatment) 4
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Institution Start Duration Entries SpeciesKansas University Neoplasm Registry Records 1961 11 yrs 4.124 Dogs,
horses
California Animal Neoplasm Registry 1963 3 yrs 30 Dogs, cats
Tulsa Registry of Canine and Feline Neoplasms 1972 5 yrs - Dogs,
catsPurdue Comparative Oncology Program 1979 - 20
Cancer Registry and Surveillance System Compan. Animals 1980 ongoing 170 Dogs
Norwegian cancer project 1990 ongoing 14.401 Dogs, cats
VetCancer Registry 1994 ongoing - Dogs, cats
Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry 2005 ongoing 1 Dogs, cats
Animal Tumour Registry Genova 1985 7 years 6.743 Dogs
Animal Tumour Registry north. Italy 20053 yrs, tel.
survey
2.509 (dog); 494
(cat)
Dogs, cats
Canine Cancer Registry, northwest. Italy 2001 7 yrs 1.175 Dogs
Some published animal cancer registries
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• Cancer data sources for canine and feline patients in Switzerland
• Canine population & breed distribution in Switzerland 7
Canine / feline cancer patient data sources
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SourceTime
periodExamination
type DogCat
IVPZ 1955-1964p. m. (hand
written) X
IVPZ 1964-1988p. m. / biopsy
(punch cards) X XIVPZ 1989-2008 p. m. X XIVPZ 1989-2008 biopsy X XIVPZ 1992-2008 cytology X X
private lab. 2007-2009 biopsy X X
ITP Berne 1995-1999 biopsy X XITP Berne 1983-1999 p. m. X X
KEYDEX punch card
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3`000 cards
converted into a digital
database40 x 40 cm
Data Swiss canine & feline cancer registry: patients
Species (time period)
Patients total (n)
Cancer patients
(n / %)
Dogs (1955 – 2008)
121.964
63.21451%
Cats (1965 – 2008) 51.32217.856
39%10
WHO: International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd
Edition (ICD-O-3), 2000
Used principally in human cancer registries for coding the site (topography) and the histology (morphology) of neoplasms, usually obtained from a pathology report.
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Data on canine population and breeds in Switzerland (1953 - 2008)
Continuous increase of canine population from
n = 308.979 (1955)
to
n = 506.616 (2008)12
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Number of dogs per 100 inhabitants in Switzerland
Summary / introduction
• Case numbers for dogs sufficient for an incidence study
• Case numbers for dogs and the availability of population data (CH: since 2006) sufficient for an in depth epidemiologic study
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v Introductionv Swiss canine
cancer registryv Comparing data
from dogs humans in Switzerland
v Geographic distribution of canine cancer in Switzerland
15
Swiss Canine Cancer Registry: DVM thesis: Katrin Grüntzig
Geographic distribution in Switzerland: PhD thesis in geography: Gianluca Boo
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From: Withrow and MacEwen's: Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 2012
Age dependant tumor incidence (OR) of dogs compared to patients under one year of age (OR 1)
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Cancer in canine breeds (OR)
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Mammary glandSkin
Soft tissue
GI tract
Male sex organs
Resp. organs, heartSpleen, bone marrow
Bone, joints
Endocrine glands
Oral cavity, pharynx
Mammary gland
Mammary gland
Probability (OR) for purebreds to develop a tumor compared to crossbreeds and risk to develop a malignant
tumor vs. no tumor – pure breeds compared to crossbreeds
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Tumor Malignant tumor
Number of obs 90,085
Clinically moderately relevant
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Clinically moderately
relevant
Breed risk to develop a malignant tumor (Odds ratio, OR)
Risk (OR) to develop a mammary gland tumour pure-breed vs. mixed breed dogs
(OR1).
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Clinically strongly relevant
Risk (OR) to develop a skin tumor pure-breed vs. mixed breed dogs (OR1)
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Clinically strongly relevant
Clinically weakly relevant
v Introductionv Swiss canine
cancer registryv Comparing data
from dogs & humans in Switzerland
v Geographic distribution of canine cancer in Switzerland
26
27
Comparing cancer data from dogs & humans
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Comparing canine to human tumor locations; significantly more canine
tumors in:Oral cavity & pharynx
Anus & analcanal
bone, cartilage, joints
Connective tissue
Mamma
Testis29
Comparing canine to human tumor locations; significantly less canine tumors
in:Stomach
Intestine
Liver, gallbladder
Pancreas
Lung
Melanoma
Ovary
Prostata
Kidney
Thyroid 30
v Introductionv Swiss canine
cancer registryv Comparing data
from dogs & humans in Switzerland
v Geographic distribution of canine cancer in Switzerland
31
Swiss Canine Cancer Registry: DVM thesis: Katrin Grüntzig
Geographic distribution in Switzerland: PhD thesis in geography: Gianluca Boo
32
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Canine cancer patients per Swiss Kanton
Canine patients / Swiss Kanton
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Canine tumor incidence in Switzerland
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Canine cancer incidences in Switzerland
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6-73-5210No data
Cancer incidences(Quantiles)
“Identify structural zeros and filter them out from models of canine cancer incidence. Assess changes in the statistical associations associated with the filtering step”.
Boo G, Leyk S, Fabrikant SI, Graf R and Pospischil A. 2016. Assessing effects of structural zeros on models of canine cancer incidence: a case study of the Swiss Canine Cancer Registry. [Submitted to Geospatial Health].
Human cancer incidence in Switzerland
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Age Standardized Rates per 100.000 Person Years
Male 2006-2010 Female 2006-2010
Quelle: NICER
Studies using companion animals to investigate environmental
causes of cancer (Bukowski and Wartenberg 1997)
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Study Type DiseaseBuck 1979 Prevalence
comparison Tonsilar carcinoma
Ragland 1967 Prevalence comparison
Pulmonary changes
Reif and Cohen 1970 Crude Case-control Tonsillary carcinomaReif and Cohen 1971 Mortality correlation Bladder cancerHayes et al. 1981 Crude case-control MesotheliomaHarbison and Godleski 1983
Case-control Mesothelioma
Glickman et al. 1983 Case-control Bladder cancerGlickman et al. 1989 Prevalence
comparaison Seminoma
Hayes et al. 1990 Case-control LymphomaReif et al. 1992 Case-control Lung cancerReif et al. 1995 Case-control Lymphoma
AcknowledgementKatrin Grüntzig, Ramona
Graf, Michael Hässig, Franco Guscetti, Gianluca Boo, 39