- 1. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSGLatest
Technology in Refrigeration and Air ConditioningUnder the Auspices
of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERSSOLAR HEATING AND
COOLING SYSTEMS:A POSITIVE CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUESCASE STUDY: Innovative Solar heating and cooling system with
PCM tank at service of F-92 Building ofENEA CASACCIA Research
Centre (ROMA)XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE Milan, June 7th 2013Scientific
referents:Ing. Nicolandrea CalabreseIng. Francesco DAnnibaleIng.
Carla MenaleIng. Paola RovellaFor info:
andrea.calabrese@enea.itwww.climatizzazioneconfontirinnovabili.enea.it
2. Use of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioningConsumption2 3. F-92 BUILDING FEATURESLatitude
4203NLongitude 1218EstClimaticZone (Italy)DArea 381 m2 mqCASE
STUDY: Solar heating and cooling system at service of F-92 Building
of ENEA CASACCIAResearch Centre (ROMA)Use of solar and
environmental heat to air
conditioninghttps://maps.google.it/maps/ms?gl=it&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=103631601450429953584.00047466407d1fa933f1a
4. CASE STUDY: Innovative Solar heating and cooling system at
service of F-92 building of ENEACASACCIA Research Centre (ROMA)A
NETWORK OF UNDERGROUND PIPING CONNECTS THE HEATINGAND REFRIGERATION
STATION TO THE BUILDINGUse of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioning 5. Heating with SunA) Solar heating:WINTER TIME: room
heating is realized with radiant heating system, powered with low
temperature to maximize theuse of thermal solar energy.Evacuated
tubes collectors type all glass(WINTER: 40-50C)(SUMMER: 80 110C)Use
of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 6. Heating with
the Sunusing radiant heating systemA) Solar heating:The highest
pavimenttemperature depends onenviroment kind:Range Tmandata
panels: 40 50 CDtmaximum panelss track: 20CUse of solar and
environmental heat to air conditioning 7. Main systems
Components:A) Solar heating:Evacuated tube solar
collectors:Technical Data:-Single collector gross area = 3,75
[m2];-Solar field gross area = 56 [m2];-Thermal Power 25 [kWth].Use
of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 8. A) Solar
heating: SYSTEM LAYOUT, during the research activity we analyze the
different energy cotributionsFE01FE07FE03FE02Solar fieldHot tankGas
boilerRequest of Energyfrom buildingWINTER WORKINGIN
BUILDINGTHERMAL CENTRALUse of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioning 9. Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012A)
Solar heating:GAS BOILERSOLAR FIELDEnergy contributionEnergy
contribution of Integration Gas Boiler and Solar Field09-29
February 2012 01-31 March 2012 01-15 April 2012kWh IntegrationGas
BoilerkWh UsefulSolar FieldUse of solar and environmental heat to
air conditioning 10. Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL
2012A) Solar heating:09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012SOLAR
FRACTIONINTEGRATION GAS BOILER: 3.628,0 kWhSOLAR FIELD: 4.532,0
kWh09-29 February 2012 01-31 March 2012 01-15 April 2012Monitoring
Thermal Solar CollectorsSolar radiation incident on the solar field
[kWh]Energy Produced by Solar field and used (FE01) [kWh]Energy
produced by the solar field and dissipated by Dry coolerUse of
solar and environmental heat to air conditioningEnergy dissipated
11. Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningAt the
end of our research activity about solar heating andcooling system
for WINTER season we obtained that the energyrequired to heat F-92
building was provided for:- 56 % by solar energy- 44 % by gas
boiler (methane gas)These results were obtained ensuring COMFORT
conditions intothe building.Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15
APRIL 2012 12. A) Solar heating: obtained indoor environmental
temperatureWinter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012SET
POINT9 - 17 February 2012:Fixed environmentsetpointTmin = 19CTmax =
21C19 February - 15 April2012:Fixed environmentsetpointTmin =
18CTmax = 20CNote: set TA01Tmin = 14CTmax = 16CEnvironment
Temperatures [C]9 - 17 February 2012 Working System CONTINUE19
February 2012 - 15 April 2012: Working System DISCONTINUOUS (from
7.00 am to 17.00 pm)Use of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioning[Monitorings Day]Environment Temperatures [C] 13. A)
Solar heating: Comparision between February 2012 and February
2013GAS BOILEREnergy contribution9 - 17 February 2012 Working
System CONTINUE19 February 2012 29 February 2012: Working
SystemDISCONTINUOUS (from 7.00 am to 17.00 pm)February 2012
February 20131975 kWh(46,5%)2275 kWh(53,5%)Energy contribution01-28
February 2013 : Working System DISCONTINUOUS(from 7.00 am to 17.00
pm)GAS BOILERSOLAR FIELDSOLAR FIELD10 - 12 February 2013:Solar
collectors NOTcovered by snow10 - 12 February 2012:Solar collectors
coveredby snowUse of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioningSOLARFRACTION 14. Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY
15 APRIL 2012A) Solar heating:There is DissipatedEnergy.BUT
INTEGRATIONGAS BOILER IS USED!!It would be necessary anaccumulation
tank for thermalenergy, DURING WINTERPERIOD, with a biggercapacity
(experimentalanalisys 2012 year withsensible Accumulation tank
ofC=1.500 liters)NEW GENERATIONACCUMULATION SYSTEM:PCMUse of solar
and environmental heat to air conditioning 15. PCM (Phase Change
Material) Accumulation tank to reduce dissipated energy:Sensible
water accumulation of 3500 lkJ730005187.43500outinlwatersens
TTcmEkJ69000533130,tubeslattubeslat cNELatent PCM Accumulation(PCM
S46 TubeICE) of 1000 lHYDRATED SALTS OFS89-S7 SERIES placedin
sealed tubesCold WaterHot WaterSolar
FieldControlUnitGasBoilerHotWaterTankUse of solar and environmental
heat to air conditioning 16. PCM (Phase Change Material)
Accumulation tankUse of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioningUNIVERSITA DI PADOVADipartimento di Tecnica
eGestionedei sistemi industriali 17. PCM (Phase Change Material)
Accumulation tank to reduce dissipated energy:CHARGE PHASE
DISCHARGE PHASESensibleSensibleSensibleLatentTemperature ofthe
phase changeSensibleSensibleSensibleLatentTemperature ofthe phase
changeUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 18.
TRADITIONAL TANKUse of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioningTE07TE08TE07TE08C = 1500 litres C = 1000 litresPCM
TANKComparison Traditional Tank (ONLY WATER) - PCM Tank (HYDRATED
SALTS) 19. Comparison Traditional Tank C=1500 litres - PCM Tank
C=1000 litresUse of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioningDays of April 2012 and Aprile 2013 (more comparable
than days of March because days of April 2012 and days ofApril 2013
have medium temperatures more similar than March 2012 and March
2013) have an index FE07/GGmore similar than those of March,
respectively 19 kWh/GG and 24 kWh/GG.If we considere tank
contribute to F92 building heating (TANK_TO_LOAD) we obtain a
higher value for 2013 equalto 16 kWh / GG compared to 13 kWh / GG
of 2012.The contribution of the accumulation to the needs of the
building (TANK_TO_LOAD/FE07) was the same: 69% for2012 and 68% for
2013 (SAME SOLAR FRACTION).The percentage of utilization of solar
energy (TANK_TO_LOAD/FE02) with PCM accumulation amounted to
76%compared with 64% of the accumulation standard.where: n: days
number of the conventional heating period T0: environment
conventional temperature Te: medium extenal daily temperatureAPRILE
2012 APRILE 2013TEMPERATURA MEDIAPERIODO13.3 14.3 [C]VOLUME
ACCUMULO 1500 900 [l]TEMPERATURA INTERNAEDIFICIO20.0 22.0 [C]GG]
FE07/GG 19 24 [kWh/GG]GG] TANK_TO_LOAD/GG 13 16 [kWh/GG]] FE07 1
070 1 556 [kWh]] FE03 331 503 [kWh]] FE02 1 159 1 394 [kWh]]
TANK_TO_LOAD 739 1 053 [kWh]SOLAR FRACTION 69% 68% %APRIL 2012TANK
VOLUMEINTERNAL BUILDINGTEMPERATUREAPRIL 2013 20.
-20020406080100080910111213141516171819202122230001020304050607C-30-101030507090kWhFE02Tank_to_loadTE07TE08kWUse
of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningSolid phase
PCMFirst phase charge during the day: the tank receivesfrom 8:00 to
12:40 an energy of 56 kWhThere arent heat fluxes in orout from
tankHeat accumulationdue to PCM tubesmelting20 kWh of thermal
energyare picked up from thetankthe tank remainswell
stratifiedLight heat input of PCM(discharge) which compensatesthe
heat loss of the tankLatent heat Sensible heat 21. Use of solar and
environmental heat to air conditioningExperimental test of a single
PCM Vessel (HYDRATED SALTS)PCM vessel:De = 50 mmL = 1000 mmHYDRATED
SALTS 22. PCM Test Report: EXPERIMENTAL RIGUse of solar and
environmental heat to air conditioning 23. PCM Test Report:
EXPERIMENTAL RIGUse of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioningTypical test conditions: Water velocity in the anulus:
0.2 to 0.4 m/s Inlet temperature Ti : 20 to 85 C Pressure P: 1.0 to
1.3 bar Temperature ramp gradient: 5 to 600 C/hGeometry equivalent
to asubchannel in the real vesselPCM vessel:De = 50 mmL = 1000
mmTest section:Di = 60 mmL = 1000 mm 24. FAST TEMPERATURE RAMP
(10C/min)Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningNo
visible effect on the outputtemperature gradient aroundthe melting
temperatureT=46CThe melting energy isabsorbed and released inhours
and its effect can not bedistinguished from thethermal capacity of
the singlephase materialSLOW TEMPERATURE RAMP (10C/h)PCM Test
Report: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 25. PCM: IMPROVEMENTSUse of solar and
environmental heat to air conditioningINCREASE OF PCM CONDUCTIVITY
WITH HIGH CONDUCTIVITY FOAMS:CERAMICS, METALS OR GRAPHITEAISI 316
SiC (Silicon Carbide) 26. Solar cooling System with Absorption
ChillerB) Solar cooling:Vacuum SolarCollector250 m2Cold
WaterAccumulationtank 15.000 lColdWater100 kWHot Water150
kWCHILLERSOLAR COOLING system with integration gas boiler and
accumulation system for hot and cold water. Idraulic scheme (doc.
SYSTEMA S.p.A)SUMMER PERIOD: coincidence between cool energy
request peak and period of maximum availability of solarenergy.Use
of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 27. Use of
solar and environmental heat to air conditioningSolar cooling
System with Absorption ChillerB) Solar cooling: 28. SUMMER
MONITORING:B) Solar cooling:Use of solar and environmental heat to
air conditioning 29. Main system Components:B) Solar
cooling:Absorption Chiller(water lithium bromide):Technical Data:-
Cooling Power =18 [kWf];- Heating Power in =25 [kWt];Accumulation
tank forcold water:Technical Data:- volume 1000 [ L];Evaporative
Tower:Technical Data:-Potentiality = 43 [kW](Tbu=25,6[C]; TH2O
in=35[C];TH2O out=30 [C]);-Air Flow = 7.500,0 [m3/h];-Water Flow =
7.400,0 [l/h]Use of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioning 30. Electric Power Absorbed: 48 [W]Temperature [C]T
Heat Medium Inlet 88T Heat Medium Outlet 83Chilled Water Inlet
12,5Chilled Water Outlet 7Cooling Water Inlet 31Cooling Water
Outlet
35http://www.yazaki-airconditioning.com/fileadmin/templates/img_airconditioning/swf/080925_chiller_absorption_ani.htmlB)
Solar cooling:Layout of Absorption chiller water-lithium bromideUse
of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 31. B) Solar
cooling:SYSTEM LAYOUT: during the research activity we analyze the
different energy contributionsFE01FE07FE03FE02FE04 FE05FE06Required
buildingCold rated outputHeat rate inputSUMMER
WORKINGWater/Lithium-bromide ChillerUse of solar and environmental
heat to air conditioning 32. B) Solar cooling:Summer Monitoring
Data: 01 June - 15 September 201201 JUNE 2012 - 15 SEPTEMBER 2012:
Working System DISCONTINUOUS (from 9.00 am to 19.00 pm)GAS
BOILERSOLAR FIELDEnergy contributionEnergy Contributution of
Integration Gas Boiler and Solar Field01-30 June 2012kWh
Integration Gas BoilerkWh Useful Solar Field01-31 July 2012 01-31
August 2012 01-15 September 2012Use of solar and environmental heat
to air conditioning 33. B) Solar cooling:Summer Monitoring Data: 01
June - 15 September 201201-30 June 2012Monitoring Thermal Solar
Collectors01 JUNE 15 SEPTEMBER 2012SOLAR FRACTIONINTEGRATION GAS
BOILER: 4.657,0 kWhSOLAR FIELD: 8.909,0 kWhSolar radiation incident
on the solar field [kWh]Energy Produced by Solar field and used
(FE01) [kWh]Energy produced by the solar field and dissipated by
Dry cooler01-31 July 2012 01-15 September 201201-31 August 2012Use
of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 34. Use of
solar and environmental heat to air conditioningAt the end of our
research activity about solar heating and coolingsystem for SUMMER
season we obtained that the thermal energyrequired by CHILLER to
conditionig F-92 building was provided for:- 66 % by solar energy-
34 % by gas boiler (methane gas)These results were obtained
ensuring COMFORT conditions into thebuilding.Summer Monitoring
Data: 01 JUNE 15 SEPTEMBER 2012 35. B) Solar cooling: obtained
indoor environmental temperatureSummer Monitoring Data: 01 June -
15 September 2012SET POINT01 June - 15September
2012:FixedenvironmentsetpointTmin = 22C eTmax = 24CNote: TA01no
controlled01 JUNE 2012 - 15SEPTEMBER 2012:Working
SystemDISCONTINUOUS(from 9.00 am to19.00 pm)T external medium(09:00
19:00)03/09/2012: 24C04/09/2012: 19C05/09/2012: 24C06/09/2012:
28C07/09/2012: 29C08/09/2012: 29C09/09/2012: 28C10/09/2012: 28CT
external medium(09:00 19:00)21/07/2012: 31C22/07/2012:
29C23/07/2012: 25C24/07/2012: 27C25/07/2012: 30C26/07/2012: 32CSTOP
OF
SYSTEMFORMAINTENANCE:21/08/201222/08/201223/08/201226/08/2012Environment
Temperatures [C][Monitorings Day]Use of solar and environmental
heat to air conditioning 36. CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: BX
EINSTEINOperative Data andweather conditionsManagement, Control
andBack up PCServo motors electric valvesregulation Variable flow
pumpsEnergy countersUse of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioning 37. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESENTED CASE STUDYUse of solar and
environmental heat to air conditioningONE OF THE FIVEBETTER CASE
STUDY 38. Use of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioningWITHOUT BONUSSolar heating and cooling: PAYBACK
PERIODPAYBACK PERIOD RELATIVE DIFFERENT PLACES AND SYSTEM POWER 39.
Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningWITH
BONUSINTRODUCED BYD.M. del 28/12/2012Solar heating and cooling:
PAYBACK PERIODPAYBACK PERIOD RELATIVE DIFFERENT PLACES AND SYSTEM
POWER 40. Our research and development activities:Thanks for your
attentionUse of solar and environmental heat to air
conditioning