and Management of Cetaceans in the Philippinesmap.seafdec.org/project/cetacean/cetacean-download/publication...Status and Management of Cetaceans in the Philippines ... ‐listed 20

First Regional Workshop on Information Gathering and Cetacean Research in the Southeast Asian Waters

Bangkok Thailand; July 30 – 31 2009Bangkok, Thailand; July 30  31, 2009

Status and Management of Status and Management of Cetaceans in the PhilippinesCetaceans in the Philippines

MudjekeewisMudjekeewis D. Santos, Ph.D.D. Santos, Ph.D.Chief, Vertebrate Section, f, ,

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources‐National Fisheries Research and Development Institute

Willi “Bill” P iM !Ad G di William “Bill” PerrinMe!Adon Gaudiano

MoonyeenAlava

AA

Benardine

Louella DolarYaptinchay

Turtle Islands, Philippines Turtle Islands, Philippines 19961996Dolar et al. 1997. Preliminary investigation of marine mammal distribution, abundance

and interactions with humans in the southern Sulu Sea. Asian Mar. Biol. 14, 61-81.

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Research, conservation and management of cetaceans in the Philippines

Research, conservation and management of cetaceans in the Philippinesof cetaceans in the Philippinesof cetaceans in the Philippines

National Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation Plan

1. Survey and Research

2. Habitat and Resource Management

3. Policy

4. Public information and educationand capacity building

Confirmed Cetaceans in Philippine WatersConfirmed Cetaceans in Philippine Waters

Order Order CetaceaCetaceaSubSub‐‐Order Mysticeti (Baleen whales)Order Mysticeti (Baleen whales)Rorquals (Balaenopteridae)  ::55

SubSub‐‐Order Odonticeti (Toothed whales/dolphins )Order Odonticeti (Toothed whales/dolphins )Sperm whales (Physeteridae) ::11Sperm whales (Physeteridae)  ::11Pygmy/Dwarf sperm whales (Kogiidae)  ::22B k d h l (Zi hiid ) 33Beaked whales (Ziphiidae)  ::33Dolphins (Delphinidae)        ::1616

TotalTotal ::2727

BalaenopteridaeBalaenopteridae ((33//5 5 sp.)sp.)

PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea

Balaenoptera musculus

South South China China SeaSea

B. edeni

Sulu Sulu SSB omurai SeaSeaB. omurai

Photo: B. Pitman Celebes SeaCelebes Sea

BalaenopteridaeBalaenopteridae (2/5 sp.)(2/5 sp.)

PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea

Blaenoptera physalus

South South China China SeaSea

Megaptera novaeangliae

Photo: J. Gaudiano

Sulu Sulu SSSeaSea

Celebes SeaCelebes SeaPhoto: J. Acebes

PhyseteridaePhyseteridae ((1 1 sp.)sp.)

PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea

Physeter macrocephalus

South South China China SeaSea

Photo: L. Dolar

Sulu Sulu SeaSea

Celebes SeaCelebes Sea

KogiidaeKogiidae ((2 2 spp.)spp.)Kogia sima PhilippinePhilippine

SeaSea

South South China China

Kogia breviceps

Photo: C. Wood SeaSea

Sulu Sulu SSSeaSea

Celebes SeaCelebes Sea

ZiphiidaeZiphiidae ((3 3 spp.)spp.)

Ziphius cavirostris PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea

South South China China

Photo: L. Dolar

M l d d i t i

SeaSea

Mesoplodon densirostris

Sulu Sulu SeaSea

Indopacetus pacificusSeaSea

Celebes SeaCelebes Sea

DelphinidaeDelphinidae: common: common 66//1616 spp.spp.

Spinner dolphin Short-finned pilot whalePantropical spotted dolphin

DelphinidaeDelphinidae: common : common 66//16 16 spp.spp.

Spinner dolphin Short finned pilot whalePantropical spotted dolphin

Photo: A. Bautista

Fraser’s dolphin Bottlenose dolphin Melon-headed whale

Photo: L. Dolar

Photo: L. DolarPhoto: L. Dolar

D l hi idD l hi id ((44//1616 ))DelphinidaeDelphinidae: rare (: rare (44//16 16 spp.)spp.)

Rough-toothed dolphin Indo-pacific dolphin

Irrawady dolphin

Photo: R. Pitman Photo: C. Torno

Photo: C. TornoStriped dolphin Photo: R. Pitman

Surveyed AreasSurveyed AreasSurveyed AreasSurveyed AreasBabuyan Islands

PhilippineSea

yyyyPangasinan/

Zambales C

South China

Coast

• about 40% of Philippine coastal waters surveyed 

Seay

for cetacean species identification, 

Malampaya Sound

Tanon Strait

,distribution, abundance etc. thus far

Sulu Sea

Bohol Sea

Sea

Davao Gulf/

Celebes SeaSarangani Bay

Abundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance Estimates• uses survey method developed y pby Dr. Louella Dolar for developing countriesp g

• Sulu Sea: spinner, pantropical p p pspotted, Fraser’s, common bottlenose and Risso’s dolphins; pshort-finned pilot whale; melon-headed whale and dwarf sperm f pwhale (Dolar et al., 1997); Malampaya Sound: Irrawady p y ydolphin

Legal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National Laws

R bli A 8550 (Phili i Fi h i C d f 1998)

Legal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National Laws

Republic Act 8550 (Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998):‐ provides for the development, management and conservation of the fisheries and aquatic resources

Republic Act 9147 (Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act):‐ provides for the conservation of the country’s wildlife resources and their p f f y fhabitats for sustainability

Republic Act 8485 (Animal Welfare Act of 1998):p ( )‐ provides for protection and promotion of the welfare of all animals in the Philippines

Presidential Proclamation 342 ‐ declaration of Malampaya Sound as a Protected Seascape and Landscape

Legal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery Laws

Fisheries Administrative Order 185 series of 1992:ban on all dolphins‐ ban on all dolphins

Fisheries Administrative Order 185‐1 series of 1997:Fisheries Administrative Order 185 1 series of 1997:‐ added whales and porpoises in ban

Fisheries Administrative 208 series of 2001:‐ listed 20 cetacean species as “endangered” and are therefore protected by lawtherefore protected by law

International agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreements

Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna ( )(CITES)

Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

Agenda 21 (UNEP’s Sustainable Development)

Jurisdictional ManagementJurisdictional ManagementJurisdictional ManagementJurisdictional ManagementJurisdictional Management Jurisdictional Management Jurisdictional Management Jurisdictional Management 

Department of Agriculture ‐ Bureau of Fisheries andDepartment of Agriculture  Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA‐BFAR)

all declared aquatic critical habitatsqall aquatic resources including but not limited to

fishes, aquatic plants, invertebrates and all f q pmarine mammals except dugong

Department of Environment and Natural Resources –Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (DENR‐PAWB)

all terrestrial plants and animalsall turtles and tortoise and wetland specieswaterbirds and all amphibians and dugongs

Main Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation Issue

Because cetaceans are now protected by law, many directed catches (for food and bait) have stopped.  ( ) pp

a. Enforcement   b. By‐catch

Incidental takes (byIncidental takes (by‐‐catch)catch)Incidental takes (byIncidental takes (by‐‐catch)catch)c de ta ta es (byc de ta ta es (by catc )catc )c de ta ta es (byc de ta ta es (by catc )catc )

Incidental takesIncidental takesIncidental takesIncidental takes(by(by‐‐catch)catch)(by(by‐‐catch)catch)

• examples of coastal areas in the Philippines where incidental takes of cetaceans  have been reported

ByBy‐‐catch vs Sustainable Takescatch vs Sustainable TakesByBy‐‐catch vs Sustainable Takescatch vs Sustainable TakesByBy catch vs. Sustainable Takescatch vs. Sustainable Takesof of 11‐‐22%  in the eastern Sulu Sea%  in the eastern Sulu SeaByBy catch vs. Sustainable Takescatch vs. Sustainable Takesof of 11‐‐22%  in the eastern Sulu Sea%  in the eastern Sulu Sea

SPECIES BY‐CATCH Compared w/p /Sustainable* take

Spinner dolphin 1 393 4 ‐ 8 X higherSpinner dolphin 1,393 4  8 X higher

Fraser’s dolphin 465 5 ‐10 X 

Spotted dolphin 165 1.5 ‐ 3 X    

B ttl d l hi 41 5 10 XBottlenose dolphin 41 5 ‐ 10 X  

*Sustainable take would be 1‐2% of population size per year

PhillippinePhillippine Fisheries Observer’sFisheries Observer’sPhillippinePhillippine Fisheries Observer’sFisheries Observer’sPhillippinePhillippine Fisheries Observer s Fisheries Observer s Program (PFOP)Program (PFOP)

PhillippinePhillippine Fisheries Observer s Fisheries Observer s Program (PFOP)Program (PFOP)g ( )g ( )g ( )g ( )

• program lead by Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic• program lead by Bureau of Fisheries and AquaticResources

• training of observer’s conducted in June, 2009;  fordeployment in Augustdeployment in August

• collect data onboard commercial fishing fleets e g• collect data onboard commercial fishing fleets e.g. purse seines and ringnets on fish catch and by‐catchof marine mammals elasmobranch seabirds etcof marine mammals, elasmobranch, seabirds etc.

StrandingsStrandings or beachingor beachingStrandingsStrandings or beachingor beachingStrandingsStrandings or beachingor beachingStrandingsStrandings or beachingor beaching

StrandingsStrandingsStrandingsStrandings

• examples of coastal areas in the Philippines where strandings of cetaceans have been reported  

Stranding and RescueStranding and RescueStranding and RescueStranding and Rescuegggg

PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea

South South China China SeaSea

Sulu Sulu SeaSea

Celebes SeaCelebes Sea

Recent mass Recent mass strandingsstrandings of more than of more than 200 200 melonmelon‐‐headed whales headed whales in Bataan, Northwestern Philippines;in Bataan, Northwestern Philippines;

probably the probably the largestlargest in the history of the countryin the history of the country

Stranding Stranding Stranding Stranding BFAR CentralBFAR Central

BFAR RegionalBFAR RegionalggNetworkNetwork

ggNetworkNetwork Philippine

Sea

South China •BFAR Manila Office isSea

BFAR Manila Office is center of network

• collaboration with other GOs e.g. DENR, 

Sulu Sea

ot e GOs e g ,NGOs, academe, LGUs, aquarium,  Sea, q ,private companies, civil society  

Celebes Sea

y

Stranding and RescueStranding and RescueStranding and RescueStranding and Rescuegggg

2000’1990’ 2000’s1990’s

Pamilacan Island, Bohol

Wh l d D l hi W t hiWh l d D l hi W t hiWh l d D l hi W t hiWh l d D l hi W t hi

Before Now

Whale and Dolphin WatchingWhale and Dolphin WatchingWhale and Dolphin WatchingWhale and Dolphin Watching

Whale and Whale and Whale and Whale and Dolphin Dolphin Dolphin Dolphin  Philippine

Sea

WatchingWatchingActivitiesActivitiesWatchingWatchingActivitiesActivities

South China ActivitiesActivitiesActivitiesActivities Sea

Tanon Strait

• regular tourist attraction in Tanon 

Sulu Sea

Bohol SeaStrait  and Pamilacan, Bohol

Sea

Celebes Sea

Cetacean Cetacean Cetacean Cetacean Babuyan Islands

HotspotsHotspotsHotspotsHotspots PhilippineSea

Pangasinan/

Zambales C

South China

Coast

• identified keySea

identified key biodiversity areas for cetaceans based on

Malampaya Sound

Palawan Waters

Tanon Strait

cetaceans  based on survey, stranding and by‐catch reports

Sulu Sea

Bohol Sea

by catc epo ts

• need for more  Sea

Davao Gulf/

surveys 

Celebes SeaSarangani Bay

CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS INIRRAWADDY DOLPHINS INCASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS INIRRAWADDY DOLPHINS INIRRAWADDY DOLPHINS IN IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS IN MALAMPAYA SOUNDMALAMPAYA SOUNDIRRAWADDY DOLPHINS IN IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS IN MALAMPAYA SOUNDMALAMPAYA SOUND PhilippinePhilippine

SeaSea

Orcaella brevirostris South South China China SeaSea

Photo: M. Matillano

MalampayaMalampayaSoundSound

Photo: M. Matillano

Sulu Sulu SSSeaSea

Celebes SeaCelebes Sea

Photo: M. Matillano

Irrawaddy Population in M l S d

Irrawaddy Population in M l S dMalampaya SoundMalampaya Sound

South China Sea

S l S

South China Sea

Sulu SeaInner Sound area=134 km2

Best population estimate: 77 animals (CV= 27.4%)

Threats to Irrawaddy DolphinsThreats to Irrawaddy DolphinsThreats to Irrawaddy DolphinsThreats to Irrawaddy Dolphinseats to a addy o p seats to a addy o p seats to a addy o p seats to a addy o p s

Fishery Demography • 30 Bottom set gillnets • 81 Crab traps82 Lift t

• 22 villages • 27,828 human residents

>70% i fi hi • 82 Liftnets• 169 Shrimp corals• ? Ringnets

‐ >70% engage in fishing• 6.65% annual growth rate

?  Ringnets• Heavy boat traffic 

Conservation and ManagementConservation and ManagementConservation and ManagementConservation and Management

1992: Philippine government established the National d d ( )Integrated Protected Areas Program (NIPAP) 

System Act – to protect biodiversity.199 hili i d C i i f1995:  Philippine  government and Commission of 

European Union (EU) – signed a Financing MemoM l S d f h i l d‐Malampaya Sound, one of the sites selected(has 21 endemic birds and 4 endemic mammals)

1998 M l S d d d l i i k1998:  Malampaya Sound dropped to low priority rank1999:  Surveys on Irrawaddy dolphin status help elevate

i i k f h S dpriority rank of the Sound2000:  The Sound was declared a Protected Seascape and 

L d (P id i l P l i 342)Landscape (Presidential Proclamation 342)

Specific Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation ProgramSpecific Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation ProgramSpecific Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation ProgramSpecific Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation Program

WWF – Philippines.“Malampaya Research & Conservation”

(Support from Shell Phil. Explorations since 2001) 

• Monitors dolphin by‐catch• Advocates for fishery regulation and modification‐May 2005 – banning of the ringnet (caught 3 dolphins i 2004)in 2004) 

• Conservation education• Institutional capacity building• Institutional capacity building• Continued monitoring of population size 

IRRAWADY DOLPHINSIRRAWADY DOLPHINS

Orcaella brevirostris PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea

South South China China SeaSea

Newly Newly discovereddiscoveredpopulationpopulation

Photo: M. Matillano MalampayaMalampayaSoundSound

GuimarasGuimarasStraitStrait

populationpopulation

Sulu Sulu SSSeaSea

Photo: M. Matillano

Celebes SeaCelebes Sea

Recommendation for future research workRecommendation for future research workRecommendation for future research workRecommendation for future research work1) Population modeling of Irrawaddy dolphins; habitat use and range; study of fishery interactions(by‐catch) and gear modification in Malampaya Sound.

2) Research on Taiwanese‐directed catch or bycatch in Babuyan islands, northern Luzon (through) y y , ( ginterviews or actual observation).

3) Species identification and stock identity of bottlenose dolphins in Malampaya Sound, Palawanand Babuyan islands.

4) Ab d f F ’ d l hi i B b I l d B h l d L t4) Abundance of Fraser’s dolphins in Babuyan Islands, Bohol and Leyte.5) Research on areas of “pamo” fisheries for large pelagics.6) Further investigation of spinner dolphin population in Balayan Bay, Batangas.7) Stock identity of Risso’s dolphins in Palawan, Bohol and Sulu sea through photo‐identification.) y p , g p8) Photo‐identification of killer whales in Davao or Aliguey area.9) Photo‐identification of short‐finned pilot whales in known areas of occurrence in the country.10) Surveys of other sites in the Philippines that may harbor Irrawaddy dolphins.11) St t i f it f id tifi ti f i th t d l ti d11) Strategic survey of new sites for identification of species, threatened populations and 

habitats, and important conservation sites.12) Sustained monitoring of areas that are known to have cetacean takes.13) Socio‐economic studies of fisheries with significant cetacean by‐catch, and possible ) g y , p

development of alternative livelihoods and whale watching.14) Levels and effects of pollutants on populations.15) Expansion of stranding networks to support research objectives and conservation goals.16) A i ti f h t th d d l hi i B b I l d ith T i l li fi h16) Association of rough‐toothed dolphins in Babuyan Islands with Taiwanese long‐line fishery.17) Genetic study of the Irrawaddy dolphin population in Malampaya Sound.18) Broadscale survey of the remaining  unseruveyed areas in the Philippines

SSMESSME‐‐CTI Joint Marine Mammal Survey Proposal CTI Joint Marine Mammal Survey Proposal 

9.00

10.00

P H I L I P P I N E S

7 00

8.00 S U L U S E A M I N D A N A O

D A V A OC O T A B A T O

6.00

7.00

Gen. Santos

SP. MIANGAS

Z A M B O A N G A

B A S I L A N

S U L U

4.00

5.00

S U L A W E S I S E A

S A B A H

P. KABARUAN

P. KARAKELANG

P. SALIBABU

SIBUTUSIMUNUL

TAWITAWI

2.00

3.00P. SANGIHE

P. SIAU

KALIMANTAN TIMUR

1.00

2.00

117 00 118 00 119 00 120 00 121 00 122 00 123 00 124 00 125 00 126 00 127 00 128 00 129 00 130 00

I N D O N E S I ASULAWESI UTARA

MANADO

117.00 118.00 119.00 120.00 121.00 122.00 123.00 124.00 125.00 126.00 127.00 128.00 129.00 130.00

Site I Site II Site IIIFig. 1. Marine mammal cruise survey sites in Sulawesi Sea

AcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgement

ll l• Dr. Louella Dolar• Dr Lawrence Heany• Dr. Lawrence Heany• Mr. Joseph Rayos p y