Dual frequency comb spectroscopy and atmospheric modeling for the detection of methane leaks at oil and gas production sites Sean Coburn 1 , Caroline Alden 1 , Robert Wright 1 , Kevin Cossel 2 , Garwing Truong 2 , Esther Baumann 2 , Subhomoy Ghosh 3 , Kuldeep Prasad 3 , Nathan Newbury 2 , Ian Coddington 2 , and Greg Rieker 1 1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 2 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO , USA 3 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD , USA Coherent Laser Radar Conference 27 June – 1 July 2016 Boulder, CO, USA 1
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Dual frequency comb spectroscopy and atmospheric modeling
for the detection of methane leaks at oil and gas production sites
Sean Coburn1, Caroline Alden1, Robert Wright1, Kevin Cossel2, Garwing Truong2, Esther Baumann2, Subhomoy Ghosh3, Kuldeep Prasad3, Nathan Newbury2, Ian Coddington2, and Greg Rieker1
1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 2National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO , USA
3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD , USA
Coherent Laser Radar Conference 27 June – 1 July 2016
• Landfills, agriculture, wastewater treatment, oil and gas systems, coal mining
• Sink: oxidation by OH Accounts for 11% of all US GHG emissions
• >50% from anthropogenic sources
• 25% from natural gas systems
US Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report: 1990-2014, US EPA, April 2016 3
Background
Rapid growth in US natural gas production since 2007 • EPA released new rules for
regulating CH4 from oil and natural gas production systems (May 2016)
ARPA-E MONITOR Program Develop new technology/techniques for sensing methane at oil and natural gas production sites
• Capable of determining size and location of methane leaks • Competitive cost compared with current methods • Provide efficient end user (industry) platform
4
Natural gas extraction east of
Platteville Colorado. DCS could
monitor over 100 sites from a
central location. Overlapping
fields could ensure complete
coverage.
Potential deployment configurations
Retro
UAV
plume
plume
Spectrometer
Spectrometer
Coupled Regional Monitoring Solution
Centralized spectrometer
5
Natural gas extraction east of
Platteville Colorado. DCS could
monitor over 100 sites from a
central location. Overlapping
fields could ensure complete
coverage.
Potential deployment configurations
Retro
UAV
plume
plume
Spectrometer
Spectrometer
Coupled Regional Monitoring Solution
Centralized spectrometer
Retroreflector array
6
Natural gas extraction east of
Platteville Colorado. DCS could
monitor over 100 sites from a
central location. Overlapping
fields could ensure complete
coverage.
Potential deployment configurations
Retro
UAV
plume
plume
Spectrometer
Spectrometer
Coupled Regional Monitoring Solution
Centralized spectrometer
Retroreflector array
Couple measurements to transport simulation and inversion
Locate and size CH4 leaks
7
Methane measurements
Dual frequency comb spectrometry • High precision • Robust • Proven over kilometer scale open paths (Rieker et al., 2014, Optica)
8
Passively
Modelocked Laser
Methane measurements
T=1 / frep
A Frequency Comb = Stabilized Mode-Locked Laser
Dual frequency comb spectrometry • High precision • Robust • Proven over kilometer scale open paths (Rieker et al., 2014, Optica)
9
Methane measurements
A Frequency Comb = Stabilized Mode-Locked Laser
I( f )
0
fo
>100,000 lasers
Dual frequency comb spectrometry • High precision • Robust • Proven over kilometer scale open paths (Rieker et al., 2014, Optica)
10
Methane measurements
A Frequency Comb = Stabilized Mode-Locked Laser
Stabilize two degrees-of-freedom -> entire comb is stabilized
I( f )
0
fo
Phase-lock (stabilize) offset frequency, fo
Phase-lock (stabilize) one tooth
to a reference laser
>100,000 well behaved lasers
fn = nfrep+ f0
Dual frequency comb spectrometry • High precision • Robust • Proven over kilometer scale open paths (Rieker et al., 2014, Optica)
11
Coherent Dual-Comb Spectroscopy
Detector Frequency Comb 1
Frequency Comb 2
gas
absorption profile
Open path Interfere signals from two coherently locked combs
12
Coherent Dual-Comb Spectroscopy
Detector Frequency Comb 1
Frequency Comb 2
gas
absorption profile
Open path Interfere signals from two coherently locked combs