Ancient Egypt

Ancient EgyptChap

ter 2:2

Geography

• Nile River is the longest river in the world (4,100 miles)

• Nile River is the longest river in the world (4,100 miles)

Geography

• Cataract= waterfall or stretch of rapids• Delta= marshy region formed by deposits of

silt at the mouth of the river (triangle)• Upper (inland) and Lower Egypt (delta)• Nile flows northbound

• Cataract= waterfall or stretch of rapids• Delta= marshy region formed by deposits of

silt at the mouth of the river (triangle)• Upper (inland) and Lower Egypt (delta)• Nile flows northbound

Environment

• Nile was consistent

• Egyptian stayed close to the river

• Invaders were shut out because of Sahara (natural barriers)

• Traded with Mesopotamia

Clip: Man vs. Wild- The Sahara

First Kingdoms

• First divided into 2 kingdoms (Upper & Lower)• Upper Kingdom King Menes, united all of Egypt• Capitol became, Memphis• Began the first Egyptian dynasty

• First divided into 2 kingdoms (Upper & Lower)• Upper Kingdom King Menes, united all of Egypt• Capitol became, Memphis• Began the first Egyptian dynasty

• Clip: The Pharaoh Report (Horrible Histories)

Pharaoh

• = Egyptian god-king• Theocracy= government

in which the ruler is seen as divine

• The pharaoh caused: the sun to rise, the Nile to flood, and the crops to grow

• = Egyptian god-king• Theocracy= government

in which the ruler is seen as divine

• The pharaoh caused: the sun to rise, the Nile to flood, and the crops to grow

Pyramids• Pyramids (tombs) were more important as their palace

• Pyramids were built as soon as leaders took reign

• Pyramids (tombs) were more important as their palace

• Pyramids were built as soon as leaders took reign

• Built of stone, granite and limestone• Pyramids show strength of Egypt

• Clip: Inside a Pyramid

Religion

• Polytheistic• Most important, Ra,

the Sun God, and Horus, the god of light

• Isis, represented the ideal mother and wife

• Worshiped about 2,000 gods and goddesses

• Polytheistic• Most important, Ra,

the Sun God, and Horus, the god of light

• Isis, represented the ideal mother and wife

• Worshiped about 2,000 gods and goddesses

• Clip: Prince of Egypt, “Playing with the Big Boys”

• Clip: Horrible Histories, Egyptian Gods

Afterlife

• Life continued after death

• Osiris, god of the dead, would judge

• Objects were buried with them that they would need in the next life

• Life continued after death

• Osiris, god of the dead, would judge

• Objects were buried with them that they would need in the next life

Mummification• =embalming and drying of the corpse to

prevent it from decaying

How to Mummify:• 1. Announcement of Death• 2. Embalming the Body• 3. Removal of Brain (hook

inserted in nose)• 4. Removal of Internal

Organs (liver, lungs, stomach and intestines

• Taken out by slit on the abdomen, each was stored in canopic jars

• 5. Drying out Process (with salt, left outside for 40 days)

• 6. Wrapping of Body

• 1. Announcement of Death• 2. Embalming the Body• 3. Removal of Brain (hook

inserted in nose)• 4. Removal of Internal

Organs (liver, lungs, stomach and intestines

• Taken out by slit on the abdomen, each was stored in canopic jars

• 5. Drying out Process (with salt, left outside for 40 days)

• 6. Wrapping of Body

• Clip: Pet Mummies in SLC

Slavery• Captives from foreign wars• Served in the homes, and mined gold• Egyptians could change social classes

• Captives from foreign wars• Served in the homes, and mined gold• Egyptians could change social classes

Writing

• Hieroglyphics= Egyptian writing system

• Papyrus= tall stalks of reeds used to make paper

• Egyptian writing was lost for centuries until the Rosetta Stone was found in 1799

• Hieroglyphics= Egyptian writing system

• Papyrus= tall stalks of reeds used to make paper

• Egyptian writing was lost for centuries until the Rosetta Stone was found in 1799

• Clip: Hieroglyphics, Horrible Histories

Inventions• Early form of geography (Nile)• Skillful architects & engineers• First to use columns (homes, temples,

palaces)• Calendar (time the flooding)• Medicine, surgeries (mummifications)

Activity

Activity: Different Beliefs in the Afterlife

• Groups of 2-3• Read Information• Create a visual of

your religion’s point of view of the afterlife

• Share

Beliefs in the Afterlife• Journey and struggling to unite with your family• Punishment, go through hell first to get to heaven, limbo

(between)• heaven/hell, punishment• Journey, waiting period, house of the dead• Heaven/hell (punishment)• Reincarnation, rewards/punishments to move in cycle• Heaven/hell, all will live forever, depends on deeds, select few will

go to heaven• Feared death, journey, punishment for good and bad, paradise• Life is prison, all men are gods• No hell (cease to exist), righteous live with god, 1,000 year war,

survivors go to kingdom with god • Judgment day, heaven/hell• Spirit and physical world are similar, dream time,