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aney Publishing

The Andrews Great House Community: A Ceramic Chronometric PerspectiveAuthor(s): Ruth M. Van DykeSource: Kiva, Vol. 63, No. 2 (Winter, 1997), pp. 137-154Published by: Maney Publishing on behalf of the Arizona Archaeological and Historical SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30246242 .

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8/10/2019 Anazasis


KIVA,

Vol.

3,

No.

2,

1997

THE

ANDREWSGREAT

HOUSE

COMMUNITY:

A

CERAMIC

CHRONOMETRIC

PERSPECTIVE

RUTHM. VAN

DYKE

Department

f

Anthropology

University

f

Arizona

Tucson,

rizona

5721

ABSTRACT

Temporal

ariability

n nd

mong

hacoan nasazi

utlier

ommunities

ay

e

successfully

ssessed

sing

eramic

hronometric

echniques.

eramic

roupdating,ean eramicating,ndmultidimensionalcalingere sedodateites

in he

Andrews

hacoan

ommunity

n

heRed

Mesa

Valley

f

northwest

ew

Mexico. he

Andrews

ommunity

as ound

ohave

een

ccupied

etween

he

lateA.D.

00s

nd

he

mid-A.D.

000s.

he

Andrews

reat

ouse

ppears

obe

a

relativelyarly

xample

f

Chacoan

tructure.he

arly

ates

or

ndrews

suggest

hat

reat

ouse

rchitecturen

utlying

ommunities

eed ot

ignify

n

expansionist

hacoan

resence.

RESUMEN

Se puede evaluarcon dxitoa variabilidad emporalnte as comunidades

perifdricas

haco-Anasazis

sando

icnicas

ronometricase

cerdmica.

or

medio

efechamientos

e

grupos

ercmicos,fechamiento

romediocerdmico,

escalas

multidimensionalese

datan

sitios en la

comunidad

hacoana de

Andrewsn

el Valle

Red

Mesa del

noroeste

e Nuevo

Mixico.

Estas

dataciones

muestran

ue

la

comunidadAndrews

stuvo

cupada

entre

os

finales

el

800s

d.c.

y

hacia

a

mitad e

los

anios 000

d.c.

La

gran

asa

de

Andrews

arece

ser

un

ejemplo

elativamente

emprano

e

una

estructura

hacoana.

Las

fechas

tempranas

n

a

comunidadAndrews

ugieren

ue

a

arquitectura

e

gran

asas

no

significa

ecesariamentena

expansi6n

e la

presencia

de

Chaco

hacia

comunidades

erifricas.

The

real

xtentf

he

hacoan

henomenon

s

defined,

n

part, y

hacoan

outliersr

great

ouse

ommunities

hroughout

he an

Juan

asin

nd

border-

ing

reas

uring

he

ueblo

I

period

Marshall

t

l.

1979;

owers

t l.

1983;

Fowler

t

al.

1987;

Lekson

991).

Outliers

xhibit

onsiderable

emporal

ari-

ability

n

the

general

hacoan

ime

rame

f

A.D.

900-1150.

ome

basin

reat

houses

were

stablished

n

the

midst f

older,

xisting

ommunities,

hereas

others

ere

ounded

ate

n

the

Pueblo

I

period;

Marshall

t al.

(1982:1231)

termed

hese

ncestral

nd

cion

ommunities,

espectively.emporal

ariabil-

itynandamonghebasin ommunitieshould eassessedwhen

ompeting

explanations

or

he

rigins

nd

nature f

he

Chacoan

ystem

re

evaluated

(e.g.,

Toll

1985,

991;

Judge

989;

Vivian

990;

ekson

991;

ebastian

992;

Wilcox

993).






8/10/2019 Anazasis


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The

Andrewsreat

ouse

Community

139

Ceramic

Groups

In

theAnasazi

rea,

ating y

means

f eramic

roups

s themost ommon

way

o stablish

eneralhronological

ontrol,

specially

or urface

ssemblages

where bsoluteatingechniquesreof ittle tilityAmbler985;Douglass

1987;

Mills

988;

Goetze

ndMills

993b;

Windes

977,

987).

Ceramic

roups

contain

ypes

hat

redominate

uringgiven

ime

eriod.

owever,

herere

numberf

potentialroblems

ith he

echnique.

ach

time

eriod

s consid-

ered

o

be

represented

y

n deal

ssemblage;

t

s

up

tothe

nalyst

o

subjec-

tively

match

eal

ssemblages

gainst

he

deal,

aking

nto ccount

ossible

distortionactors.or

xample,

uratedessels

may

mislead

he

nalyst

oward

anearlier

ate;

he

resence

f

small umberf

arlierherds

n

discreterea

likelyepresents

n

heirloomessel nd hould

e

gnored.

ther

roblems

n-

clude he act hat he

emporal

anges

or eramic

anufacture,se,

nddis-

card iffer.

ssemblage

ifferences

ay

eflectite

unction

r

ollection

rove-

nience,

nstead

f

emporal

ariability.

evertheless,

he

echnique

s

generally

very

seful

or

stablishing

road

hronological

ontrol.

Ceramic

roupssemblages

re

ased n hose efined

y

Windes

1987:244-

248)

andMills

1988:68,71,73)

nd re

ummarized

n

Table

.

Ceramic

roup

assignments

or

he

Andrews

roveniences

re

summarized

n

Table . Four

proveniences

tfour

iteswere

ssigned

oLatePueblo

,

28

proveniences

t

23

siteswere ssignedoEarly ueblo I, and16proveniencest 14siteswere

assigned

oLate

Pueblo

I.

Middenst wo

ites,

A 111167

nd

LA

17218

the

great

ouse),

were oundo

represent

ultiple

eriods;

t

LA

17208,

multiple

periods

ere

dentifiedithin

single

midden.

Mean Ceramic

ating

The

echnique

f

mean eramic

ating rovides

bsoluteate stimatesor

ceramic

ssemblages

omposed

f

ypes

ith

nown

anges

f

roduction.

ean

ceramic

ating

as

developedy

outh

1977)

for se

at

historicites ontain-

inghistoriceramics hosemanufacturingate anges ere nown.he ech-

nique

s based

nthe

ollowingssumptions:

1)

ceramic

ypes

aveunimodal

frequency

urves;

2)

these

requency

urves

verlap;

3)

the ate

f

type

an

be

representedy

ts

midrange;

nd

4)

themean eramic ate

MCD)

of n

assemblage

anbe

calculated

sing

hemean ates or ach

ypeweightedy

frequency.

In

the

outhwest,

articularly

n

he olorado

lateau,

roductionpans

or

many

eramic

ypes

ave

been

stablished

hrough

orrelation

ith

ree-ring

dates.Mean

eramic

ating

asbeen

sed

y

numberf

esearchers,

ncluding

Gomolak1980),Kincaid tal. (1983),Mills 1988,1990;GoetzendMills

1993b),

nd Graves

1990).

Christenson

1994)

recently

ested

he

echnique

using tree-ring

ated

ayenta

nasazi

ssemblage;

e concludedhatmean

ceramic

ating

anbe

nearly

s accurates

tree-ringating.






8/10/2019 Anazasis


Table

1.

Ceramic

Groups

and

Associated

Stylistic

Types.

Ceramic

Group

Dominant

Stylistic

Types

Early

Pueblo

I

Lino

Gray,

Fugitive

Red,

La

Plata

B/W,

White

Mound

B/W

(A.D.

700-800)

Late

Pueblo

I

Kana-a

Neck

Banded,

Narrow

Neck

Banded,

White

Mound

B/W,

Kiatuthlanna

B/W

(A.D.

800-900)

Early

Pueblo

II/Early

Bonito

Phase

Narrow

Neck

Banded,

Neck

Corrugated,

Red

Mesa

B/W,

Escavada

B/W

(A.D.

900-1040)

Late

Pueblo

II/Classic

Bonito

Phase

Neck

Corrugated,

Indented

Corrugated,

Gallup

B/W,

Escavada

B/W,

Puerco

B/W,

(A.D.

1040-1100)

Chaco

B/W

Early

Pueblo

III/Late

Bonito

Phase

Indented

Corrugated,

Gallup

B/W,

Puerco

B/W,

Chaco

B/W,

Chaco-McElmo

B/W

(A.D.

1100-1140)

Note:

These

are

ideal

assemblages,

presented

only

as

guidelines.

Not

all

minority

types

are

listed.

40 40 40






8/10/2019 Anazasis


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142

VAN

DYKE

Table

2.

Ceramic

Groups

nd

Mean

Ceramic

ates

(MCD)

for

ites

n

the

Andrews

ommunity

Page

2

of

2).

Site/Provenience

FS No.

Group

MCD

(A.D.)

LA

17202,

Midden

30

Early

ueblo

I

978 c

65

LA

17201

27

Early

ueblo

I

988

c

72

LA

17194

14

Early

ueblo

I

993 c

93

LA 111160 41

Early

ueblo

II

995 c

80

LA

17198

22

Early

ueblo

I

995 c

82

LA

111158

48

Early

ueblo

I

-

LA

111166

49

Early

ueblo

I

LA

111170

50

Early

ueblo

I

-

LA

111169

43

Late

Pueblo

I

1016

c

81

*LA

17218,

Midden 2

Late

Pueblo

I

1017

c

90

LA 17195 20 LatePuebloI 1029

c

102

LA

17197

23

Late

Pueblo

I

1034

c

74

LA

17200

26

Late

Pueblo

I

1039

c

75

LA

17204

33

Late

Pueblo

I

1042

c

67

LA

17199,

Midden

38

Late

Pueblo

I

1042

c

75

LA

17199,Midden

25

Late

Pueblo

I

1049

c

57

LA

17199,

Midden

24

Late

Pueblo

I

1050

c

54

LA

17203 31 LatePuebloI 1054c 72

LA

17206

18

Late

Pueblo

I

1056

c

81

LA

17212

21

Late

Pueblo

I

1057

c

64

LA

111167,

Midden

36

Late

Pueblo

I

1057

67

LA

111162

34

Late

Pueblo

I

1076

c

40

LA

111168

37

Late

Pueblo

I

-

LA

111163

45

Late

Pueblo

I

*Andrewsreat ouse






8/10/2019 Anazasis


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Table

3.

Ranges,

Median

Dates,

and

Weight

Factors

for

Ceramic

Types

Used

in

Mean

Ceramic

Dating.

Type

Date

Range

(A.D.)

Median

Date

(A.D.)

Weight

Lino

Gray

575-800

688

0.75

Fugitive

Red

575-800

688

0.75

La

Plata

Black-on-white

650-750

700

2

Kana-a

Neck

Banded

800-900

850

2

Narrow

Neck

Banded

850-950

900

2

White

Mound

Black-on-white

700-850

775

1.5

Kiatuthlanna

Black-on-white

850-900

875

2.5

Red

Mesa

Black-on-white

900-1050

975

1.5

Escavada

Black-on-white

925-1125

1025

1

Puerco

Black-on-white

1000-1175

1088

1.25

Puerco

Black-on-red

1000-1175

1088

1.25

Gallup

Black-on-white

1040-1140

1090

2

Chaco

Black-on-white

1075-1150

1113

2.25

Wingate

Black-on-red

1050-1200

1125

1.5

Chaco-McElmo

Black-on-white

1100-1200

1150

2

40, 40, 40,






8/10/2019 Anazasis


The

Andrewsreat ouse

Community

145

usable herds.

he results

re ncludedn Table .

Ranges

isted n Table

represent

tandardeviations

or achmeandate.The

mean ates

anged

e-

tween .D.

82c33

nd

A.D.

1076c40,

orresponding

losely

ith he eramic

groups. aturalreaksn thedata ppearedetween .D. 89 and919, orre-

sponding

ith he reak etweenate ueblo

and

arly

ueblo

I,

and

etween

A.D.

995

and

1016,

orresponding

ith he reak

etween

arly

nd

Late

ueblo

II.

Thebreaksre

llustrated

n

a stem nd eaf

lot

f heMCDs

presented

n

Figure

.

8

88

9

1

9 2222222333333

9

4455

9

7777

9

8999

10

11

10

233

10

44455555

10

7

Figure

.

Stem nd eaf

lot

f

Andrews ean eramicates.

Multidimensional

caling

MDS

is

a

multivariatetatistical

echnique

sed o

dentify

he

variables

behind easuresf

distanceetweenata ets

Kruskal

ndWish

978).

t has

been

uccessfully

sedfor

eramiceriation

n

the outhwest

y

number

f

researchersDrennan976;Durand ndHurst991;Goetze ndMills1993b;

Mills t al.

1992;

Washburn

ndMatson

985;

Whalley

980;

Windes

987).

Windes

1987)

has

refinedhe

echnique

or he an Juan asin.He seriated

previously

ated

ssemblages

rom ueblo

lto,

hen ombinedhem

ith n-

dated eramics.

oetze ndMills

1993b)

xpandedpon

Windes'

tudy,

uc-

cessfully

roducing

eriations

ntegrating

indes'

atawith

ssemblages

rom

the NRON

roject.

oetze nd

Mills

1993b:113-115)

sed he YSTATMDS

program.

o

ensure

maximum

omparability,

heAndrewseriationsed he

same

rogram

nd

followedhe

ame

teps

utlined

y

Goetze ndMills.

MDS

produces

eometric

lots

nwhich ach

oint

s a

single

ata et. he

greater

he

istance

etweenhe

oints,

he

igger

ifference

etweenhe ata

sets.

A

successful

DS run

hould esult

n

a

horseshoe-shapedlot.

The

pat-






8/10/2019 Anazasis


146

VAN

DYKE

tern

f

oints

may

e studiedor

ifferences

ot therwise

pparent

etween

he

data

ets.

employed

uclidean

istance,

nstandardized

ata,

nd

nonmetric

scaling.

he

goodness

f

it

f he

olution

s measured

y

tressn scale f

-

1.A final onfigurationtress alueof0.15or owers desiredKachigan

1986:418).

stress

alue

pproaching

,

however,

ay

ndicate

degenerate

solution

Kruskal

nd

Wish

978:51).

terations

aken o

reach hefinal

on-

figuration

hould

ecline

moothly

nd hould

ot xceed

9. The

Shepard

ia-

gram

hould e

a

smooth

urve r

traight

ine;

teps, roupings,

rbends

ig-

nify

degenerate

olution.

he

goal

s

to

have he mallest

umberf

dimen-

sions

o account or he

argest

mountfvariation.

lthough

indes

1987)

foundhat

ive

imensions

roduced

he

owesttress

alue

n

hisdata

et,

oetze

and

Mills

1993b:

15)

scertained

hat

hree imensions

ere

ompatible

ith

theirata.

Variablesncluded

rovenience,

ype,

nd

frequency

in

percentages).

ach

case

represented

ne

provenience,

esignated

y

FS number.

ulticomponent

assemblages

annot e

seriated,

o the

multicomponent

ata

et

rom

A 17208

(FS

17)

was

liminated.

o void

ossibleroblems

esulting

rommall

amples,

I

arbitrarily

liminatedrom he

MDS

analysis

ny

proveniences

ith

ewer

than

0

usable

herds.

ecause

lain

wareswere

ot sed

n

the

MDS

analysis,

this

urthereducedhe umber

fusable

roveniences

o

40.

Types sed ntheMDS analysisncludedWhiteMound lack-on-white,

Kiatuthlanna

lack-on-white,

ed Mesa

Black-on-white,

scavada

lack-on-

white,

uerco

lack-on-white,

allup

lack-on-white,

nd

Chaco

lack-on-white.

TheMDS

plot

n

Dimensionsand

2

is

shown

n

Figure

.

The

results

f he

plot

an

be

easily

ompared

ith he esults

f he eramic

rouping

nd

the

MDS

in

Table . Thenumbers

orrespond

o

the

S

numbersisted

n

Table .

The LatePueblo ceramic

roup

s

represented

n

Figure

by

riangles,

he

Early

ueblo

I

group y quares,

nd he ate ueblo

I

group

y

ircles.

total

of

31

sites

s

representedy

hese

roveniences.

TheMDS seriationorrespondedlosely ithhe eramicroups.wo light

anomalies ere

pparent:

S

44

was

n

Early

ueblo

I

assemblage

etween

wo

LatePueblo

proveniences,

nd

FS

14

and

43

were

arly

ndLate

Pueblo

I

proveniences,

espectively,

ith

ositions

hat eemed

o

be

reversed.

hese if-

ferences

ere he esult

f

he nclusion

f

plain

ware

requenciesparticularly

clapboard

nd ndented

orrugated)

n

ceramic

roup

lacement.

or

xample,

FS

14

ndFS

43

had imilar ecorated

ype

requencies;

he

atter as

lassified

as

LatePueblo

I

because f

ts

high requency

f ndented

orrugated.

The

patterning

lso

corresponded

losely

ith he esults

f

he

mean

e-

ramic ating.hehorseshoe'sightranch ascomposedfproveniencesex-

cept

or S

44)

with

MCDs

n

he ateA.D. 00s.

roveniences

ith

MCDs

n

he

early

.D.

900s

clustered ear hehorseshoe's

pex.

Proveniences

ithMCDs

in

the ateA.D.

900s

were

trung

long

hehorseshoe's

eft ranch.

inally, rove-






8/10/2019 Anazasis


The

Andrewsreat ouse

Community

147

Triangles

Late

Pueblo

I

Sites

Squares

=

Early

Pueblo

II

Sites

Circles= Late Pueblo II Sites

Numbers

FS

Numbers

See

Table

2)

29

S19 40

m42

8

4127

.10

36oe

018

014

43 27

1

0 32M

1 039

349

12M3

0

0

23

*

*25

22

07

Fn

33

1335

z

310

260

02160

6

w

210

4151

Al11

-44

A47

-20

-2 -1 0 1 2

DIMENSION

Figure

. MDS

plot

or

ndrews

roveniences

n wo imensions.

niences ith

MCDs

n

he

.D.

1000s lusteredtthe nd f

he

orseshoe'seft

branch.

Andrewsite

Temporal

ffiliations

The

resultsf

he eramic

ating

echniques

ndicatehat

ive ites

n

the

Andrews

ommunity

ave

ate ueblo

components,

4

sites ave

arly

ueblo

II components,nd15 ites ave ate uebloIcomponents.hreeites,nclud-

ing

he

Andrews

reat

ouse,

ave

wo rmore

omponents.

single

middent

LA

17208

was

ssigned

o he ate

Pueblo

-Late Pueblo

I

groups.

heother

two

ites,

A 111167

nd

LA 17218

the

Andrews

reat

ouse),

were eter-






8/10/2019 Anazasis


148

VAN

DYKE

mined ohave

multipleemporalomponents

n the asis f

ampling

tmul-

tiple

middens.

A 11167

as wo

emporal

omponents,

s indicated

y

he

ates

from idden

Early

ueblo

I,

with n MCD

of

A.D.

927c59)

nd

Midden

(LatePuebloI,with n MCD of

.D.

1032c67).

At heAndrews

reat

ouse,

ivemiddens ere

ampled.

idden

,

nearest

the

reat

ouse,

as lassifieds Late ueblo

I

and as

n

MCD

ofA.D.

017c90.

Middens

through

were

rouped

s

Early

ueblo

I,

withMCDs

ranging

between

.D.

19c56

nd930c70.

Multiple

iddens ere lso

sampled

t

LA

17199

nd

A

17202,

ut eramic

hronometry

idnot

ndicate

ultipleempo-

ral

components.

t

LA

17199,

ll three

ampled

middens

epresented

Late

Pueblo

I

component;

CDs for

he

middens

anged

rom .D.

1042c75

o

1050c54.

t

LA

17202,

ll

three

ampled

iddens ere

rouped

s

Early

ueblo

II,and heMCDsclusteredetween .D. 51c58 nd978c65.

Site

emporallacementsorresponded

losely

ith he

roupsssigned

o

23

ofthe

Andrews

ommunity

ites

y

Marshall

t

al.

(1979:123-129).

ost

discrepancies

ere

heresult fdifferent

roup

ate

ranges

sed

by

the wo

studies

compare

able withMarshallt l.

1979:257).

Figure depicts

he ocation

nd

temporal

ffiliation,

s indicated

y

e-

ramic

roup,

or

ach ite

n

theAndrews

ommunity.

he

range

f

dates rom

middensssociated ith

he

reat

ouse

uggests

hat

t

wasconstructed

n

the

early

.D.

900s ndoccupiednto he arly

.D.

1000s. hemiddenearesthe

great

ouse

Midden

)

hadan MCD

of

A.D.

1017c90

ndwas

assigned

othe

Late Pueblo

I

period.

owever,

our

dditional iddensssociated

ith

he

great

ouse

Middens

-5)

represent

he

Early

ueblo

I

period,

ith

MCDs

clustering

etween .D.

19c56

nd

930c70.

There re

three

reat

ivas

n

theAndrews

ommunity,

ne ofwhich s

associated ith

he

reat

ouse. second

LA 17217)

s

approximately

50m

to

the outheast.

third

17207)

s an additional

00m

to

he outheast.

oth

A

17217

nd

LA

17207

were

rouped

n

the

Early

ueblo

I

period,

ithmean

datesnthe arly alf f he enthentury.

LatePueblo

sites end obe

ocated n

ridges

tthe aseof he alus

lope

in

the

orthern

art

f

he

ommunity.arly

ueblo

I

sites re

found

hrough-

out he

ommunity,

ut heres a

pattern

f

xpansion

rom

orthwestosouth-

east.

arly

ueblo

I

occupationppears

o

have

lustered

ear he

reat

ouse

and he wo

reat

ivas

long

he

dge

f he

scarpment.

ost

arly

ueblo

I

sites

urrounding

he

reat

ouse

LA 17218)

nd he wo

reat

ivas

LA

17207

and

LA

17217)

haveMCDs

n

the irst alf f he enth

entury.

hese

rove-

niences

ompose

he

pex

f

hehorseshoentheMDS

plot Figure

).

Duringthe atteralf f he enthentury,he opulationraduallyxpandedndmoved

southwardnto

he

alley. arly

ueblo

I

sites

withMCDs

n

the

atter

alf f

the enth

entury,epresented

n theMDS

plot y

he eft ranchf hehorse-

shoe,

re cattered

hroughout

he

ommunity.xcept

or he

reat

ouse,

ate






8/10/2019 Anazasis


The

Andrewsreat ouse

Community

149

0

17216

A

111158

111172

m 111156

17215 17214

111159

111157

111160

17213

A

111161

117217

17211

A

11171

17196

17194

17212

17195*

+17208

17209

*1111165

17207

*17206

4O9U

17198

17203

17197*

17204c

17205

17199

e

111166

m

111163

.17202

S17200

1111700

111162*

m17201

*111169

.111168

111167,

Goot

USGS

7.5'

Quadrangles:

ThoreauNE

Mt.

ANDREWS

COMMUNITY

NASAZI

ITE LOCATIONS

T14N,R11W,

ection

33

V

Andrews reatHouse

A

ate

Pueblo Sites

0

200

400m

Early

ueblo

I

Sites

C

Early

ueblo I

-

Late Pueblo I

Sites

Contour

nterval 5 m

Late Pueblo 11 ites

Elevations

in

M

Above Sea

Level

Figure

.

Andrews

ommunity

ites

nd

associated

eramic

roups.






8/10/2019 Anazasis


150

VAN

DYKE

Pueblo

I

sites end obe ocated

n

he outhern

art

f he

ommunity,

r

o

he

west,

earer

he

alley

loor.

THE

ANDREWS

COMMUNITY N

A

LARGER CHACOANCONTEXT

Most utliersocumented

hroughout

he

reater

an Juan

asin ave

een

assignedemporalanges sing

eramic

rouping

ased

n urface

ssemblages

(Marshall

t l.

1979;

owers t l.

1983;

owler t l.

1987).

MCD andMDS

alsohave

een

mployed

n

developing

hronometries

or ommunitiesuch s

Casamero

Mills

988),

uadalupe

Durand

ndHurst

991),

nd

tanding

ock

and

El

Llano-Escalon

Goetze

ndMills

1993b).

Andrews,ithtsLatePueblo-EarlyPuebloI substrate,ualifiess an

ancestral

utlier

n

Marshallt

l.'s

1982:1231)

cheme. he

ommunityay

be considered

enerallyontemporaneous

ith

thers

n

theRedMesa

Valley

such s

Casamero

Harper

t l.

1988)

nd

Coolidge

Marshall

t l.

1979:141-

144).

However,

he

Andrews

reat

ouse

s

seen

o fall t the

arly

nd

of

he

Chacoan

emporal

pectrum,

ith ivemiddenMCDs

ranging

etween

.D.

919c56

nd1017c90.

n

contrast,

he asamerond

Coolidge

reat

ouses

ave

single

atePueblo

I

or

Classic onito

hase omponents.

Great ouse onstructionnChacoCanyonegann he arly onitohase

and

scalated

uring

he

lassic onito

hase

Lekson 984).

Most

reat

ouses

in

the

entralan Juan asin re

eramically

ated o

heClassic

onito

hase

(Marshall

t l.

1979;

owerst l.

1983;

Vivian

990:234).

his

emporalat-

tern

uggests

hat

utlyingreat

ouses

epresent

hacoan

xpansion

nto he

San Juan

asin.

However,

eramic

ates or heAndrews

reat

ouse

ndicate

that his

tructure

s

contemporaneous

ith

he

arly

reat

ouses

f

Chaco an-

yon.

The ceramic ates or he

Andrews

reat

ouse

uggest

hat

he

nature,

direction,nd urposefChacoanrchitecturalnfluencest utlyingiteshould

be re-evaluated.

emporal

ifferences

mong

hacoan

reat

ouses

hroughout

the

an

Juan asin

may

eflect

ariability

n

the tructures'

rigins,

unctions,

and

relationships

oChaco

Canyon.

he

presence

f

great

ouse rchitecture

n

outlying

ommunities

eed ot

ignify

n

xpansionist

hacoan

resence.

ather,

some utlier

reat

ouse

rchitecture

ay

ethe esult

f

ndigenous

mulation

or

may imply

eflect

pan-Anasazi

thnic

tyle.

n

ntensive

omparison

f

ceramic

hronometric

nformation

rom hacoan ommunities

hroughout

he

San Juan

asin

ould eveal

atterns

seful

or

valuating

ompetingxplana-

tions f henaturendoriginsf heChacoanystem.

Acknowledgments.

wish

o

thank arah

Herr,

who conductedhe

n-field

eramic

nalysis

t

the

Andrews

ites,

ndBarbara

Mills,

or

haring

er

echnical

xpertise

nd

for

roviding

seful

omments






8/10/2019 Anazasis


8/10/2019 Anazasis


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Documents