Anatomy & Physiology II NGSS Curriculum Map 2019 Course Description: Anatomy & Physiology II is a one semester science course that will provide students with an understanding of the structure and function of the human body systems continued from Anatomy & Physiology I. This is the second half of the Human Anatomy & Physiology curriculum and is equivalent to the second semester of a 2-semester college-level Human Anatomy & Physiology. The course content of Anatomy & Physiology II consists of the following units/body systems: Nervous System, Special Senses, Blood, Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic/Immune System, Respiratory System, and Digestive System. Prerequisite: Anatomy & Physiology I. Resources: Textbook: Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology (12 th edition) ● Elaine Marieb, Suzanne Keller ● Pearson 2018 ● ISBN: 978-0-13-458057-9 Laboratory Manual: Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology (7 th edition) ● Elaine Marieb, Pamela Jackson ● Pearson, 2018 ● ISBN: 978-0-13-442483-5 Equipment: ● Anatomical models ● Dissection tools ● Pig Hearts ● Virtual Lab Links ● Videos/Video Clips ○ Inside the Living Body (2007) ○ The Incredible Human Body (2002) ○ Incredible Human Machine (2007) ○ Art of the Human Body ○ Human Body: Pushing the Limits ● Technology ○ Promethean board ○ Document camera ○ Websites Differentiation: This unit has been designed to include multiple learning modes:
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Anatomy & Physiology II
NGSS Curriculum Map 2019
Course Description: Anatomy & Physiology II is a one semester science course that will provide students with an understanding of the structure and function of the human body systems continued from Anatomy & Physiology I. This is the second half of the Human Anatomy & Physiology curriculum and is equivalent to the second semester of a 2-semester college-level Human Anatomy & Physiology. The course content of Anatomy & Physiology II consists of the following units/body systems: Nervous System, Special Senses, Blood, Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic/Immune System, Respiratory System, and Digestive System. Prerequisite: Anatomy & Physiology I.
Resources:
Textbook: Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology (12th edition)
○ Inside the Living Body (2007) ○ The Incredible Human Body (2002) ○ Incredible Human Machine (2007) ○ Art of the Human Body ○ Human Body: Pushing the Limits
● Technology ○ Promethean board ○ Document camera ○ Websites
Differentiation: This unit has been designed to include multiple learning modes:
● Direct instruction ● Inquiry labs ● POGIL exercises ● Individual practice ● Group practice in mixed and homogenous groups ● Modeled problem solving ● Use of textbooks ● PowerPoint presentations ● Computer-based simulations and animations ● Guided notes ● Auditory, visual, written, and kinesthetic modalities ● Variety of question types on assessments ● Supplemental resources available online ● Flexibility in group size and partner choice ● One-to-one assistance provided as needed ● Notes and handouts available on Google Site ● Extra help offered outside of class ● Specific modifications as dictated by IEPs, 504s, individual need, etc.
UNIT 7: Nervous System Approximate Time: 18-20 days
Unit Rationale:
Understanding nerve cells is central to understanding what it means to be alive. Real physical and chemical changes happen in our brains during the process of learning. Students must understand neuron anatomy to visualize changes such as dendrite sprouting and pruning. They must recognize neurotransmitters and their roles in order to infer the reasons that the inhibition of glutamate during lead poisoning can result in learning disabilities. They must recognize the glial cells to predict their roles in clearing room for new connections between neurons or holding strong synapses in place. While conscious sensation, movement, and thought are fascinating concepts to ponder, students must also appreciate the critical role of the nervous system in the minute-to-minute subconscious adjustments that maintain life. These responsibilities for defending homeostasis fall largely on the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, it seems inevitable that many useful medicines target the autonomic nervous system. Students will understand how familiar medicines work to modify ANS function.
Next Generation Science Standards ● HS-LS1-1: Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the
essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells. ● HS-LS1-2: Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within
multicellular organisms. ● HS-LS1-3: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
21st Century College & Career Practice Standards
● CRP 1 - Responsible and contributing citizen and employee ● CRP 2 - Academic and technical skills ● CRP 4 - Communicate clearly and effectively and with reason ● CRP 7 - Employ valid and reliable research strategies ● CRP 8 - Utilize critical thinking to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them ● CRP 9 - Model integrity, ethical leadership, and effective management ● CRP 10 - Work productively in teams while using cultural global competence ● CRP 11 - Use technology to enhance productivity ● CRP 12 - Plan education and career paths aligned to personal goals
Essential Questions:
● What is the structure and function of a
typical neuron and its components?
● How is an action potential generated
and propagated?
● What is the general structure of
synapses in the central nervous
system (CNS) and peripheral nervous
system (PNS), and what occurs there?
● What are the three meningeal layers
Skills: Students will be able to…
● Sketch and label the structure of a
typical neuron, and describe the
functions of each component.
● Describe the events involved in the
generation and propagation of an
action potential.
● Describe the general structure of
synapses in the CNS and PNS, and
discuss the events that occur at a
Learning Activities:
● Lab: Human Reflex Study ● Activity: “The Impacts of Drugs on
● What are the structures and functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
chemical synapse.
● Describe the three meningeal layers
that surround the spinal cord.
● Explain the roles of white matter and
gray matter in processing and relaying
sensory information and motor
commands.
● Describe the steps in a reflex.
● Explain how the brain is protected and
supported.
● List the main components of the brain,
and specify the functions of each.
● Discuss the origin and significance of
the major categories of brain waves
seen in an electroencephalogram.
● Identify the cranial nerves by name
and number, and cite the functions of
each.
● Identify and describe the major
sensory pathways.
● Describe the structures and functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
UNIT 8: Special Senses Approximate Time: 5-7 days
Unit Rationale:
Few bodily organs are as easy for students to probe and test on themselves as the special sensory organs. The relationships between form and function in the special senses are easily demonstrated through tests of students’ sensory acuity, adaptation, and shortcomings. Of all the functions of the special senses, students are often least familiar with or aware of sensations related to equilibrium. However, without them, standing, sitting, even crawling would be almost impossible. We live in a gravity-burdened, three-dimensional world in which a reliable sense of balance is crucial.
Next Generation Science Standards ● HS-LS1-2: Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within
multicellular organisms. ● HS-LS1-3: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
21st Century College & Career Practice Standards
● CRP 2 - Academic and technical skills ● CRP 3 - Attend to personal health and financial well being ● CRP 4 - Communicate clearly and effectively and with reason ● CRP 8 - Utilize critical thinking to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them ● CRP 9 - Model integrity, ethical leadership, and effective management ● CRP 10 - Work productively in teams while using cultural global competence ● CRP 12 - Plan education and career paths aligned to personal goals
Essential Questions:
● What are the structures of olfaction
and their function?
● What are the structures of gustation
and their function?
● What are the structures of the
external, middle, and inner ear, and
their function?
● What are the structures of the eye?
● How do photoreceptors interact to
create photoreception? How we are
able to distinguish colors?
● What are the accommodation
problems associated with the eye?
● What are the age-related disorders of olfaction, gustation, vision, equilibrium, and hearing?
Skills: Students will be able to…
● Describe the sensory organs of smell,
and explain how olfactory perception
occurs.
● Describe the sensory organs of
gustation and briefly describe the
physiologic processes involved in
taste.
● Describe the structures of the external,
middle, and inner ear, and explain how
they function.
● Identify the structures of the eye
● Explain photoreception, describe the
structure of the photoreceptors,
explain how visual pigments are
activated, and describe how we are
able to distinguish colors.
Learning Activities:
●
● Describe various accommodation
problems associated with the cornea,
lens, or shape of the eye.
● Describe age-related disorders of olfaction, gustation, vision, equilibrium, and hearing.
UNIT 9: Blood Approximate Time: 5-7 days
Unit Rationale:
Among blood’s many functions, oxygen transport is the most acutely important. Because fresh blood may not be available in a trauma situation such as combat or civil emergency and because of the small but real risk of disease transmission by contaminated blood, there is ongoing interest in developing blood substitutes with oxygen-carrying capabilities equivalent to whole blood.
Next Generation Science Standards ● HS-LS1-2: Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within
multicellular organisms. ● HS-LS1-3: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis. ● HS-LS1-7: Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules
are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy. 21st Century College & Career Practice Standards
● CRP 2 - Academic and technical skills ● CRP 3 - Attend to personal health and financial well being ● CRP 4 - Communicate clearly and effectively and with reason ● CRP 8 - Utilize critical thinking to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them ● CRP 9 - Model integrity, ethical leadership, and effective management ● CRP 10 - Work productively in teams while using cultural global competence ● CRP 11 - Use technology to enhance productivity
what are their characteristics? structures and functions.
● Discuss the mechanisms that control
blood loss after an injury, and describe
the reaction sequences responsible for
blood clotting.
● Explain how blood disorders are detected, and describe examples of the various categories of blood disorders.
UNIT 10: Cardiovascular System Approximate Time: 8-10 days
Unit Rationale:
Students encounter information about the heart’s function on a constant basis throughout life. They can feel their own heartbeats and sense its changes. They see ECG strips on television shows and in movies. They hear about “bypass surgery” and “open heart surgery” on medical dramas. And they likely know that heart disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Therefore an understanding of heart physiology can take place in the context of these applied situations.
Next Generation Science Standards ● HS-LS1-2: Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within
multicellular organisms. ● HS-LS1-3: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
21st Century College & Career Practice Standards
● CRP 1 - Responsible and contributing citizen and employee ● CRP 2 - Academic and technical skills ● CRP 3 - Attend to personal health and financial well being ● CRP 4 - Communicate clearly and effectively and with reason ● CRP 8 - Utilize critical thinking to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them ● CRP 10 - Work productively in teams while using cultural global competence ● CRP 11 - Use technology to enhance productivity ● CRP 12 - Plan education and career paths aligned to personal goals
● How does the cardiovascular system responds to the demands of exercise?
significance relative to health.
● Explain the events of the cardiac cycle,
including atrial and ventricular systole
and diastole, and relate the heart
sounds to specific events.
● Describe the components and
functions of the conducting system of
the heart.
● Describe the factors affecting the heart
rate.
● Identify the electrical events
associated with a normal and an
abnormal electrocardiogram.
● Discuss the mechanisms and various
pressures involved in the movement of
fluids between capillaries and
interstitial spaces.
● Explain the hormonal regulation of
blood pressure and blood volume.
● Explain how the cardiovascular system responds to the demands of exercise.
UNIT 11: Lymphatic System & Immunity Approximate Time: 7-10 days
Unit Rationale:
Students find autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, Graves’ disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism), and rheumatoid arthritis both interesting and frightening. Students are additionally well aware that infection of the immune system (specifically, of macrophages and CD4 cells) by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often leads to the collapse of the immune system that culminates in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). These issues, along with the topics of modern viral epidemics (e.g., H1N1), E. coli contamination of food products, and tissue transplantation, make this topic one of the most vital from the viewpoint of contemporary society and medical care.
Next Generation Science Standards ● HS-LS1-1: Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the
essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells. ● HS-LS1-2: Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within
multicellular organisms. ● HS-LS1-3: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis. ● HS-LS1-4: Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms. ● HS-LS3-1: Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits
passed from parents to offspring. ● HS-PS1-5: Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of
the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs. 21st Century College & Career Practice Standards
● CRP 1 - Responsible and contributing citizen and employee ● CRP 2 - Academic and technical skills ● CRP 3 - Attend to personal health and financial well being ● CRP 4 - Communicate clearly and effectively and with reason ● CRP 5 - Environmental, social, and economic impacts of decisions ● CRP 6 - Creativity and innovation ● CRP 7 - Employ valid and reliable research strategies ● CRP 8 - Utilize critical thinking to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them ● CRP 9 - Model integrity, ethical leadership, and effective management ● CRP 10 - Work productively in teams while using cultural global competence ● CRP 11 - Use technology to enhance productivity
● What are autoimmune disorders, graft rejection, and other immunodeficiency diseases? How does the immune system change with age?
the thymus and spleen.
● Describe the components and function
of nonspecific defense.
● Describe the components and
functions of specific defense.
● Define allergies and anaphylaxis, and
describe the role of antibodies in
allergic and anaphylactic responses.
● Explain autoimmune disorders, graft rejection, and allergies; describe other immune responses such as immunodeficiency diseases; and outline age-related changes in the immune response.
UNIT 12: Respiratory System Approximate Time: 8-10 days
Unit Rationale:
Lung cancer, emphysema, and asthma—three diseases of the respiratory system—are among the gravest health problems. Asthma now troubles about one in eight in the United States and is fatal to thousands annually. Smoking plays a dominant role in cancer and emphysema and, along with secondhand smoke, contributes to asthma. This chapter provides an ideal circumstance to relate injuries by tobacco smoke to specific components of respiratory function. The biology of the respiratory system leads to the bottom line for everyone: If you smoke, quit; if you don’t smoke, don’t start.
Next Generation Science Standards ● HS-LS1-2: Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within
multicellular organisms. ● HS-LS1-3: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis. ● HS-LS1-7: Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules
are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy. 21st Century College & Career Practice Standards
● CRP 1 - Responsible and contributing citizen and employee ● CRP 2 - Academic and technical skills ● CRP 3 - Attend to personal health and financial well being ● CRP 5 - Environmental, social, and economic impacts of decisions ● CRP 6 - Creativity and innovation ● CRP 9 - Model integrity, ethical leadership, and effective management ● CRP 10 - Work productively in teams while using cultural global competence ● CRP 12 - Plan education and career paths aligned to personal goals
● How do age-related changes, and the effects of cigarette smoking, affect the respiratory system?
ventilation to meet tissue demands for
oxygen.
● Summarize the physical principles
governing the diffusion of gases into
and out of the blood.
● Describe how carbon dioxide is
transported in the blood, and explain
how oxygen is picked up, transported,
and released into the bloodstream.
● Describe age-related changes to, and the effects of cigarette smoking on, the respiratory system.
UNIT 13: Digestive System
Approximate Time: 12-15 days
Unit Rationale:
The “metabolic syndrome” represents a health crisis afflicting over 50 million people in the United States and comparable numbers in other industrial societies. The American Heart Association describes the metabolic syndrome as a cluster of risk factors that include obesity, blood lipid disorders, hypertension, Insulin resistance, prothrombotic state, and proinflammatory state. The underlying causes of this syndrome are obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition. A person can’t change their genes but they can bring their calorie intake and expenditure into balance. That is, they can maintain a balance between catabolism and anabolism. Metabolic syndrome raises the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes mellitus, and peripheral vascular disease. Given the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its dire individual and societal consequences, it is critical for students—and people in general—to understand the metabolic fates of nutrients in our bodies.
Next Generation Science Standards ● HS-LS1-2: Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within
multicellular organisms. ● HS-LS1-3: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis. ● HS-LS1-6: Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine
with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules. ● HS-LS1-7: Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules
are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy. ● HS-PS1-5: Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of
the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs. 21st Century College & Career Practice Standards
● CRP 1 - Responsible and contributing citizen and employee ● CRP 2 - Academic and technical skills ● CRP 3 - Attend to personal health and financial well being ● CRP 4 - Communicate clearly and effectively and with reason ● CRP 6 - Creativity and innovation ● CRP 8 - Utilize critical thinking to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them ● CRP 9 - Model integrity, ethical leadership, and effective management ● CRP 10 - Work productively in teams while using cultural global competence ● CRP 11 - Use technology to enhance productivity ● CRP 12 - Plan education and career paths aligned to personal goals