Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy & PhysiologySkeletal SystemSkeletal System FactsProvides protection, support, & movementLigaments attach bone to boneTendons attach muscle to boneBone marrow produces RBCs & WBCs206 bones in the bodyLeukemia = cancer of the blood cells Largest bone in the body = femurSkeletal System FactsVertebrae are only found in the spineSmallest bones in the body = ear (malleus, incus, stapes)

Clavicle is the most commonly broken boneExercising & high calcium foods build strong bonesSkeletal System2 ComponentsAxial skeletonAppendicular skeleton

Axial SkeletonConsists of skull, spinal column, bony ribs

Skull (cranial bones & facial bones)Facial bonesMandible (lower jaw)Maxillae (upper jaw)Hard palate (roof of mouth)Zygomatic (cheek bone)Orbit (eye socket; very thin; easily broken)Cranium (Protects brain)Frontal bone (forehead; very strong)Temporal bone (sides of skull; weakest)Occipital bone (back of the skull; spinal cord passes through)Parietal bone (top portion; largest bone)

FontanelsSoft, flexible regions where suture lines meetClose @ 18 months

Spinal ColumnProvides support for the head; attachment of the ribs

Vertebrae individual bones Cervical spine (C1 to C7)Thoracic spine (T1 to T12)Lumbar spine (L1 to L5) {Carry entire weight}

Thoracic CageRibs, cartilage, & sternum (breastbone)Protects heart / lungs / kidneysXiphoid process = bony prominence @ bottom of sternumRibsTrue ribs (7 pair) {Protect heart, lungs}False ribs (3 pair) {Protect liver, spleen, pancreas}Floating ribs (2 pair) {Protect kidneys)

Appendicular SystemShoulder girdle, arms, pelvic girdle, & legsShoulder girdleClavicle & scapula

ArmsUpper arm (humerus)Forearm (ulna / radius)Hand Carpal wristMetacarpal handPhalanges - fingers

Pelvic GirdleSupports abdominal organs

Girdle consists of 3 bonesillium (hip bone)Ischium (supports weight as you sit)Pubis (pelvic ring)

LegsUpper leg = FemurPatella = knee cap; connected by tendons

Lower leg = Tibia & FibulaFootTarsal (Ankle)Metatarsal (Foot)Phalanges (Toes)