Anatomy of Video

8/7/2019 Anatomy of Video

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` The ability to incorporate video into a multimedia

project marked a significant achievement in the

evolution of multimedia industry

` Video gives us the power to capture reality andrelive real events

` Video gives real evidence or proof

` Videos show something credible, real, true


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` Videos can teach something, show something,

persuade people to buy something, and even

make people laugh or cry


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` A video is a series of moving objects

` Video quality is determined by three factors Frame Rate

Resolution Aspect Ratio


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` Video is comprised of sequential images seen in

rapid succession

` The number of images of the video shown per

second is called the frame rate` Videos have a frame rate of 24-45 fps. Televisions

has a frame rate of approximately 30 fps.

` Frame is measured in frames per seconds (fps)


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` A constant frame rate is desired for smooth

playback

` If the computer is not able to replay the movie at

the frame rate it was encoded for, it will eitherstutter and shutdown or dropped the frames

` Frame rate is one of the factors affecting movie

file size and quality


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` The size of a video image is measured in pixels

for digital video

` Just like images, video resolution is also affected

by the picture dimensions` Videos range from the following sizes (in pixels)

320 x 240 (internet resolution)

640 x 480 (TV resolution)

1280 x 720/920 x 1080 (HDTV resolution)


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` The width to height ratio of the video image is

referred to as the aspect ratio

` Ratios are expressed in the form width x height

4 x 3 4:3

` The three most common aspect ratios are 4 x 3,

16 x 9, 21 x 9


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` 4 x 3 (standard screen) Standard television format used throughout the second

half of the 20th century

`

16 x 9 (wide screen) This format has gained acceptance as the new standard

for wide screen TV, DVD and high-definition video

` 21 x 9 (cinemascope) A very wide screen format used for theatrical release

movies


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` Analog Video Linear such as video tape (VHS)

Has a beginning, middle and end

In editing an analog video, you need to display desired

frames

` Digital Video Allows random selection to any part of the video

Editing can be simple as cutting and pasting parts of the

video

Adding special effects and transitions are easy with a

video-editing program


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` Digital Video has lesser generation loss When you duplicate a video tape (like VHS), some of

noise from the recorder is added to the new tape

If you were to duplicate the new tape, then noise from the

previous tapes would be carried over the third tape

Each copy of the tape adds to the generation loss from

the original

With digital video, the connection to the computer is

digital. There is no generation loss when transferring DV.You can make more copies of a DV tape and it will still be

as good as the original.


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` Video has made the transition from analog to

digital

` This transition has happened at every level of

industry Home and Work DVDs, Digital Cable, Digital Satellite

Broadcasting standards have been set and stations are

moving towards programming only digital television


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` There are two types of digital television Standard Definition (SDTV)

High Definition (HDTV)

` SDTV Offers resolution roughly equivalent to a conventional

analog signal with image display ratios or aspect ratios of

4:3 or 16:9


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` HDTV Offers the potential for approximately twice the horizontal

and vertical resolution of the current analog television

It also takes approximately five times the bandwidth to

broadcast as SDTV. HDTV has a 16:9 aspect ratio

Not all digital TV sets sold today support HDTV, even if

they have 16:9 widescreens


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` Pre Production

` Production

` Post Production


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` Planning stage

` Requirements Outline

Script

Storyboards

Budget/Finance

Cast

Costumes

Sets/Props

Locations

Logistics


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` Actual shooting of the video

` The main concerns are the lighting the cast, the

acting and the actual shooting of the video

` Today shooting analog footage (video tape) is stillcommon

` In order to edit the video, convert it to a digital

format

AVI, MPEG, QuickTime


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` AVI (Audio Video Interleave) Windows Standard Format

` MPEG-4

` FLV (Flash Video) Format used to deliver MPEG video through Flash Player

` MOV Apples QuickTime Format

` VOB (DVD Video Object) DVD Standard


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` WMV Microsoft format

` RM (Real Media)

Developed by real networks for streaming video andaudio


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` Assembly of different video clips

` Adding a visual effects, graphics, titles, and a

soundtrack

` To begin post-prod, you need to place the rawvideo material into the computer

` Editing is done by a professional editor


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` Video post-production has moved from analog

tape to tape editing to the world of digital non-

linear editing (NLE)

` Traditional tape to tape editing follows a linearpath. If you want to insert new beginning or middle

of a finished project, you have to reedit everything

after a certain point.

` Digital encoding of videos allow you to quickly cut,copy, paste, reedit and add music, titles, and

special effects


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` Microsoft Video Editing Software MS Movie Maker

` Adobe Software for Video Editing Adobe Premiere Pro

x Real time Editing

AdobeAfter Effects

x The industry standard for motion graphics and visual effects

AdobeAudition orAudacity

x Audio recording, mixing, and editing

Adobe Encore

x Tool for DVD creation


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` Transitions Used to blend two different scenes or clips in a video to

create smooth playback

` Clipping To cut out a portion of a video for a longer video to make

a video clip

` Fade Ins and Fade Outs Fade In is used at the start of a video to gradually start a

scene

FadeOut is used at the end of a video to gradually close

the video visual


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` Time Stretching Also referred to as slow motion

Used to slow down the playback of video to give

emphasis on some scenes or actions

` Text Overlay Used for adding captions, scenes titles or description


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` Different hardware needed to transfer videos: A/V cable for RCA input jacks

S-Video Cable S-Video Jack

Video Card

Firewire Support

USB connection


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` Videos in a multimedia project can be integratedfor several purposes: Entertainment

x (music video, movie clip, TV clip)

Instructionalx (like a demonstration HOW TO video, an informative video

about a topic, a documentary.

Commercial

x Like a sales video for a product, a new brand or trend, the

latest Presentation

x Like a debut or wedding video


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` Videos that are directly edited are usually in AVI or

MOV format

` Better to compress or optimize the video into a

smaller file format without losing much of thequality

` FLV orFlash Video works best for videos with

smaller file format

Anatomy of Video

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