Anatomy: Cardiovascular System

In the name of God

Anatomy:

Cardiovascular System

Moradian MD, MPH, PhD candidate

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

[email protected]

2015

http://www.tums.ac.ir/

http://books.google.com/books?id=iTlsd7Sk8yoC&printsec=frontcover

http://www.spnu.ac.ir/home.aspx

http://www.sums.ac.ir/

The Cardiovascular System

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

A closed system of the heart and blood vessels

The heart pumps blood

Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body

The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

2http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp

The Heart


Location

Thorax between the lungs

Pointed apex directed toward left hip

About the size of your fist.


The Heart


Figure 11.1


The Heart: Coverings


پریکارد

(لیفی)فیبروزی

(اپی کارد)سروزی

جداری

احشایی


The Heart: Coverings


Pericardium – a double serous membrane

Visceral pericardium

Next to heart

Parietal pericardium

Outside layer

Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium


The Heart: Heart Wall


Three layers

Epicardium

Outside layer

This layer is the parietal pericardium

Connective tissue layer

Myocardium

Middle layer

Mostly cardiac muscle

Endocardium

Inner layer

Endothelium7http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp

Serous membrane

Continuous with

blood vessels


The Heart: Heart Wall

http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 9

The Heart: Chambers


Right and left side act as separate pumps

Four chambers

Atria

Receiving chambers

Right atrium

Left atrium

Ventricles

Discharging chambers

Right ventricle

Left ventricle10http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp

Chambers of the heart; valves


http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij12


Blood Circulation


Figure 11.313http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp


The Heart: Valves


Allow blood to flow in only one direction

Four valves

Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles

Bicuspid valve (left)

Tricuspid valve (right)

Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Aortic semilunar valve15http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp

The Heart: Valves


Valves open as blood is pumped through

Held in place by chordae tendineae )“heart strings”(

Close to prevent backflow



Operation of Heart Valves


Figure 11.4 18http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp


The Heart: Associated Great Vessels


Aorta

Leaves left ventricle

Pulmonary arteries

Leave right ventricle

Vena cava

Enters right atrium

Pulmonary veins (four)

Enter left atrium20

http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp

External Heart Anatomy

Slide 11.5Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.2a21http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp

Coronary Circulation


Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium

The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system

Coronary arteries

Cardiac veins

Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus


Coronary Arteries

These arteries supply

blood to the heart

85% is supplied by the

left coronary artery

The left coronary

artery divides into the

left anterior

descending and

circumflex arteries


Coronary Veins


Heart Contractions

Slide 11.14b


Figure 11.5







Blood Vessels: The Vascular System


Taking blood to the tissues and back

Arteries شریان / سرخرگ ها

Arterioles شریانچه / سرخرگ هاي كوچك

Capillaries مویرگ ها

Venules وریدچه / سیاهرگ هاي كوچك

Veins وریدها / سیاهرگ ها


The Vascular System


Figure 11.8b


Differences Between Blood Vessel Types


Walls of arteries are the thickest

Lumens of veins are larger

Skeletal muscle “milks” blood in veinstoward the heart

Walls of capillaries are only one celllayer thick to allow for exchangesbetween blood and tissue



Movement of Blood Through Vessels


Most arterial blood is pumped by the heart

Veins use the milking action of muscles to help move blood

Figure 11.935http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp









http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp43







http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp

50


See pp. 351-

359 for all

circuits



Jugular Vein

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTN-m9LSVj38H1Df28knxUYRXz53cKB939QH4x9nWQdoSYzHLCgQLdKfY4

http://l.yimg.com/a/i/edu/ref/ga/s/560.jpg






http://www.ric.edu/faculty/jmontvilo/335graphics/BodyFluids1.jpg












Pacemakers

Assists the heart in generating a perfusing

rhythm.

Can be either a single or dual chamber.

May function constantly or on demand.


Anatomy: Cardiovascular System

Documents