Page 1
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HONORS CURRICULUM MAP 2018-2019
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 1: The Human
Body: An Orientation
~3 weeks
SC.912.N.1.1 Define a
problem based on a
specific body of
knowledge
A. Overview of anatomy and
physiology
anatomy
physiology
relationships between
anatomy and physiology
B. Levels of structural Organization
Organ system overview
(Integumentary, skeletal,
muscular, nervous,
endocrine,
blood/cardiovascular,
lymphatic, respiratory,
digestive, urinary,
reproductive)
C. Maintaining life
necessary life functions
(maintaining boundaries,
movement, responsiveness,
digestion, metabolism,
excretion, reproduction,
growth)
D. Homeostasis
homeostatic controls
E. Language of anatomy
anatomical position
directional terms
regional terms
(anterior/posterior
landmarks)
body plans and sections
define anatomy and
physiology
explain how anatomy and
physiology are related
name the six levels of
structural organization that
make up the human body,
and explain how they are
related
name the organ systems of
the body, and briefly state
the major functions of
each system
identify and classify by
organ system all organs
discussed
list the eight functions that
humans must perform to
maintain life
list the five survival needs
of the human body
journal article “The
evolution of anatomical
illustration and wax
modeling in Italy from
the 16th to early 19th
centuries”
arts infusion project on
famous anatomical
illustrator
Hole’s Anatomy online
organ
matching/labeling game
Pearson online
component
create a diagram of a
two-sided scale and the
variables that affect its
movement
terminology coloring
worksheet
body planes and
directions lab stations
directional terminology
quiz
end-of-unit assessment
Page 2
body cavities (dorsal,
ventral, other)
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 2: Basic
Biochemistry
~1 week
SC.912.L.18.11 Explain
the role of enzymes as
catalysts that lower the
activation energy of
biochemical reactions.
Identify factors, such as
pH and temperature, and
their effect on enzyme
activity.
SC.912.L.18.2 Describe
the important structural
characteristics of
monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and
polysaccharides and
explain the functions of
carbohydrates in living
things.
SC.912.L.18.3 Describe
the structures of fatty
acids, triglycerides,
phospholipids, and
steroids. Explain the
functions of lipids in
living organisms. Identify
some reactions that fatty
A. Concepts of matter and energy
matter
energy
forms of energy (chemical,
electrical, mechanical,
radiant)
energy conservation
B. Composition of matter
elements and atoms
atomic structure (subatomic
particles, orbital models)
identifying elements (atomic
number, mass, weight,
isotopes)
C. Molecules and compounds
D. Chemical bonds and chemical
reactions
bond formation
role of electrons
ionic, covalent,
hydrogen bonds
synthesis,
decomposition,
exchange reactions,
factors influencing
the rate of chemical
reactions
E. Biochemistry
inorganic compounds
(water, salts, acids and
bases)
differentiate matter
from energy
explain how elements
and atoms are related
list the subatomic
particles, and describe
their relative masses,
charges, and positions
in the atom
define molecule, and
explain how molecules
relate to compounds
distinguish organic
from inorganic
compounds
explain the importance
of water to body
homeostasis
list several salts and
their importance in
body functions
differentiate a salt, a
acid, and a base
compare and contrast
carbohydrates and
lipids in terms of their
building blocks,
structures, and
functions in the body
define enzyme, and
explain their role
journal article
“Pharmacy
Technician”
diagram atoms and
subatomic particles pH scale coloring
worksheet graph analysis of how
pH affects an enzyme
space-filling models
to show how
substrates bind to
active sites monomer/polymer
pop beads lactic acid build up
lab
Page 3
acids undergo. Relate the
structure and function of
cell membranes.
SC.912.L.18.4 Describe
the structures of proteins
and amino acids. Explain
the functions of proteins
in living organisms.
Identify some reactions
that amino acids undergo.
Relate the structure and
function of enzymes.
SC.912.L.18.6 Discuss
the role of anaerobic
respiration in living
things and in human
society.
SC.912.L.18.8 Identify
the reactants, products,
and basic functions of
aerobic and anaerobic
cellular respiration.
organic compounds
(monosaccharides,
disaccharides,
polysaccharides)
lipids (triglycerides,
phospholipids, steroids)
proteins (structural level,
fibrous and globular
proteins, enzymes and
enzyme activity)
nucleic acids
ATP
compare and contrast
the structure and
function of DNA and
RNA
explain the importance
of ATP in the body
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 3: Cells and
Tissues
~3 weeks
SC.912.L.16.8 Explain
the relationship between
mutation, cell cycle, and
uncontrolled cell growth
potentially resulting in
A. Cells
nuclear envelope, nucleoli,
chromatin
plasma membrane (Fluid
Mosaic Model, membrane
junctions)
cytoplasm
organelles (mitochondria,
ribosomes, ER, golgi
name two of the four
concepts of the cell theory
list four elements that
make up the bulk of living
matter
define a generalized cell
identify on a cell model or
diagram the three major
cell diagram/organelle
review sheet
cell junction quiz
tissue identification
microscope lab
chicken leg dissection
Pearson online
component
end-of-unit assessment
Page 4
cancer.
SC.912.L.14.11 Classify
and state the defining
characteristics of
epithelial tissue,
connective tissue, muscle
tissue, and nervous
tissue.
SC.912.L.14.16 Describe
the anatomy and
histology, including
ultrastructure, of muscle
tissue.
SC.912.L.14.12 Describe
the anatomy and
histology of bone tissue.
SC.912.L.14.21 Describe
the anatomy, histology,
and physiology of the
central and peripheral
nervous systems and
name the major divisions
of the nervous system.
SC.912.L.14.40 Describe
the histology of the major
arteries and veins of
systemic, pulmonary,
hepatic portal, and
coronary circulation.
SC.912.L.14.48 Describe
apparatus, lysosomes,
peroxisomes, cytoskeleton,
centrioles)
cell extensions (cilia,
flagella, microvilli)
B. Cell physiology
membrane transport:
passive/active (diffusion,
filtration, active, vesicular)
cell division (DNA
replication, mitosis,
cytokinesis)
protein synthesis (genes,
RNA, transcription,
translation)
C. Epithelial tissue
special characteristic of
epithelium
classification of epithelium
(simple/stratified squamous,
cuboidal, columnar, and
pseudostratified columnar,
and transitional epithelium)
glandular epithelium
D. Connective tissue
common characteristics of
connective tissue
extracellular matrix
types of connective tissue
(bone, cartilage, dense
connective, loose connective
(areolar, adipose, reticular),
blood)
E. Muscle tissue
types of muscle tissue
(skeletal, cardiac, smooth)
cellular regions (nucleus,
cytoplasm, and plasma
membrane)
compare the structure and
function of tight junctions,
desmosomes, and gap
junctions
define exocytosis,
endocytosis, phagocytosis,
and pinocytosis
name the four major tissue
types and their chief
subcategories
explain how the four major
tissue types differ
structurally and
functionally
give the main locations of
the various types of tissues
in the body
describe the process of
tissue healing
list the general functions
of each membrane type—
cutaneous, mucous,
serous, and synovial—and
give its location in the
body
compare structure (tissue
makeup) of the major
membrane types
list several important
functions of the
Integumentary system, and
explain how these
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the anatomy, histology,
and physiology of the
ureters, the urinary
bladder and the urethra.
SC.912.L.14.45 Describe
the histology of the
alimentary canal and its
associated accessory
organs.
SC.912.L.14.43 Describe
the histology of the
respiratory system.
HE.912.C.1.5 Analyze
strategies for prevention,
detection, and treatment
of communicable and
chronic diseases.
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
history can impact
personal health.
F. Nervous tissue
G. Tissue repair (wound healing)
functions are
accomplished
use a model or diagram of
the skin, recognize and
name the following skin
structures: epidermis,
dermis (papillary and
reticular layers), hair and
hair follicle, sebaceous
gland, and sweat gland
name the layers of the
epidermis, and describe
the characteristics of each
name the factors that
determine skin color, and
describe the function of
melanin
describe the distribution
and function of the
epidermal derivatives—
sebaceous glands, sweat
glands, and hair
differentiate first-, second-
, third-, and fourth- degree
burns
explain the importance of
the Rule of Nines
summarize the
characteristics of basal cell
carcinoma, squamous cell
carcinoma, and malignant
melanoma
list several examples of
Integumentary system
aging
Page 6
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 4: Skin and Body
Membranes
~2 weeks
SC.912.L.14.51 Describe
the function of the
vertebrate integumentary
system
HE.912.C.1.3 Evaluate
how environment and
personal health are
interrelated.
HE.912.C.1.5 Analyze
strategies for prevention,
A. Classification of body
membranes
epithelial membranes
(cutaneous, mucous, serous)
connective tissue
membranes
B. Integumentary system
functions of the
Integumentary system
structures of the skin
(epidermis, dermis)
skin color
appendages of the skin
(sebaceous/sweat glands,
hair, hair follicles, nails)
list the general functions
of each membrane type
and give its location in the
body: cutaneous, mucous,
serous, and synovial
compare the structure
(tissue makeup) of the
major membrane types
list several functions of the
Integumentary system, and
explain how these
functions are
accomplished
when provided with a
model or diagram of the
skin, recognize and name
journal article: “The
Evolution of Human Skin
Color”
arts infusion project on
homeostatic imbalances
of the Integumentary
system (stage makeup
representation)
skin cross-section
foldable
Pearson online
component
layers of the skin quiz
end-of-unit assessment
Page 7
detection, and treatment
of communicable and
chronic diseases.
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
history can impact
personal health.
C. Homeostatic imbalances of the
skin
burns
infections and allergies
skin cancer (basal cell,
squamous cell, malignant
melanoma)
D. Developmental aspects of the
skin and body membranes
the following structures:
epidermis, dermis, hair,
and hair follicle, sebaceous
glands, and sweat glands
name the layers of the
epidermis, and describe
the characteristics of each
name the factors that
determine skin color, and
describe the function of
melanin
describe the distribution
and function of the
epidermal derivatives:
sebaceous glands, sweat
glands, and hair
differentiate first-, second-
, and third- degree burns
explain the importance of
the “rule of nines”
summarize the
characteristics of basal cell
carcinoma, sqaumous cell
carcinoma, and malignant
melanoma
list several examples of
Integumentary system
aging
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 5: The Skeletal
System
~2 weeks
SC.912.L.14.12 Describe
the anatomy and
A. Overview of bones
functions/classifcation of
bone
structure of bone (gross
anatomy, microscopic
anatomy)
list at least three functions
of the skeletal system
name the four main
classifications of bone
lab practical: bone
identification
skull/facial bone quiz
cow femur dissection
Page 8
histology of bone tissue.
SC.912.L.14.13
Distinguish between
bones of the axial
skeleton and the
appendicular skeleton.
SC.912.L.14.14 Identify
the major bones of the
axial and appendicular
skeleton.
SC.912.L.14.15 Identify
major markings (such as
foramina, fossae,
tubercles, etc.) on a
skeleton. Explain why
these markings are
important.
bone formation, growth, and
remodeling)
bone fractures
B. Axial skeleton
cranial bones (frontal,
parietal, temporal, occipital,
sphenoid, ethmoid)
facial bones (maxillae,
palatine, zygomatic,
lacrimal, nasal, vomer,
inferior nasal conchae,
manible, hyoid, fetal skull)
C. Appendicular skeleton
bones of the shoulder girdle
bones of the upper limbs
(arm, forearm, hand)
bones of the pelvic girdle
bones of the lower limbs
(thigh, leg, foot)
D. Joints
fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
synovial joints
types of synovial joints
based on shape
describe the microscopic
structures of compact bone
explain the role of bone
salts and the organic
matrix in making bone
both hard and flexible
identify the major
anatomical areas of long
bone
name and describe the
various types of fractures
identify the subdivisions
of skeleton as either axial
or appendicular
on a skull diagram,
identify and name the
bones of the skull
describe how the skull of a
newborn (or fetus) differs
from that of an adult, and
explain the functions of
fontanels
name the parts of a typical
vertebrae, and explain in
general how the cervical,
thoracic, and lumbar
vertebrae differ from one
another
discuss the importance of
the intervertebral discs and
spinal curvature
explain how abnormal
spinal curvatures differ
from one another
vertebral column
webquest
www.innerbody.com/ima
ge/skel05.html
Hole’s Anatomy online
bone identification
Forensic component:
hyoid bone fractures and
causes discussion
broken bone x-ray
identification
Pearson online
component
end-of-unit assessment
Page 9
name the components of
the thoracic cage
describe how a true rib
differs from a false rib
identify on a skeleton or
diagram the bones of the
shoulder and pelvic girdles
and their attachment limbs
name three major
categories of joints, and
compare the amount of
movement allowed by
each
identify some of the causes
of bone and joint problems
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit. 6: The Muscular
System
~3 weeks
SC.912.L.14.16 Describe
the anatomy and
histology, including
ultrastructure, of muscle
tissue.
SC.912.L.14.17 List the
steps involved in the
sliding filament of
muscle contraction.
A. Overview of muscle tissue
muscle types (skeletal,
cardiac, smooth)
muscle functions (producing
movement, maintaining
posture and body position,
stabilizing joints, generating
heat, additional functions)
A. Microscopic anatomy of skeletal
muscle
B. Skeletal muscle activity
stimulation and contraction
of single skeletal muscle
cells
describe similarities and
differences in the structure
and function of the three
types of muscle tissue, and
indicate where they are
found in the body
define muscular system
define and explain the role
of the following:
endomysium, perimysium,
epimyisum, tendon, and
aponeurosis
muscle tissue microscope
lab:
muscle contraction lab
Journal article: “Muscle
Madness: More Teens are
Bulking Up”
muscle contraction skit
muscle fatigue lab muscle insertion/origin
activity
https://www.purposegame
s.com/game/muscle-
Page 10
SC.912.L.14.18 Describe
signal transmission
across a myoneural
junction.
SC.912.L.14.19 Explain
the physiology of skeletal
muscle.
SC.912.L.14.20 Identify
the major muscles of the
human on a model or
diagram.
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
history can impact
personal health.
the nerve stimulus and
muscle contraction
mechanism of muscle
contraction: The Sliding
Filament Theory
contraction of skeletal
muscle as a whole (graded
responses, muscle response
to rapid stimulation and
strong stimuli, providing
energy for muscle
contraction, muscle fatigue
and oxygen debt,
isotonic/isometric
contractions, muscle tone,
effect of exercise on
muscles)
C. Muscle movements, types, and
names
types of body movements
special movements
interactions of skeletal
muscles in the body
naming skeletal muscles
arrangement of fascicles
D. Gross anatomy of skeletal
muscles
head and neck muscles
(frontalis, orbicularis
oculi/oris, buccinator,
zygomaticus)
chewing muscles (masseter,
temporalis)
neck muscles (platysma,
sternocleidomastoid)
describe the microscopic
structure of the skeletal
muscle, and explain the
role of actin- and myosin-
containing myofilaments
describe how an action
potential is initiated in a
muscle cell
describe the events of
muscle cell contraction
define graded response,
tetanus, isotonic, and
isometric contractions, and
muscle tone as these terms
apply to a skeletal muscle
describe three ways in
which ATP is regenerated
during muscle activity
define oxygen deficit and
muscle fatigue, and list
possible causes of muscle
fatigue
describe the effects of
aerobic and resistance
exercise on skeletal
muscle and other body
organs
define origin, insertion,
prime mover, antagonist,
synergist, and fixator as
they relate to muscles
demonstrate or identify the
different types of body
movements
origins-insertions-and-
actions-1-quiz
body movements lab
Anatomy Arcade
(interactive games):
Muscular Jigsaw, Poke-
A-Muscle
http://www.anatomyarcad
e.com/games/jigsaws/Mu
scularJigsaw/muscularJig
saw.html
http://www.anatomyarcad
e.com/games/PAM/PAM.
html
journal article: “Aging
Muscle”
https://academic.oup.com/
ajcn/article/81/5/953/4649
899
muscle disease research
paper
muscle tissue foldable
arts infusion project on
the muscular system
(stage makeup
representation)
Pearson online
component
end-of-unit assessment
Page 11
trunk muscles- anterior
(pectoralis major,
intercostals muscles, rectus
abdominis, external/internal
oblique, transversus
abdominis)
posterior muscles (trapezius,
latissimus dorsi, erector
spinae. quadratus
lumbordum, deltoid)
muscle of the upper limb
(biceps/triceps brachii,
brachalis, brachioradialis)
muscles of the lower limb
(gluteus maximus/medius,
iliopsoas, adductor muscles,
hamstring group, Sartorius,
quadriceps group, tibialis
anterior, extensor digitorum
longus, fibularis muscles,
gastrocnemius, soleus)
E. Developmental aspects of the
muscular system
list some criteria used in
naming muscles
name and locate the major
muscles of the human
body (on a torso model,
muscle chart, or diagram),
and state the action of each
explain the importance of
a nerve supply and
exercise in keeping
muscles healthy
describe the changes that
occur in aging muscles
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 7: Nervous System
~3 weeks
SC.912.L.14.21 Describe
the anatomy, histology,
and physiology of the
central and peripheral
A. organization of the nervous
system
structural/functional
classification
B. nervous tissue structure and
function
supporting cells
list the general functions
of the nervous system
explain the structural and
functional classifications
of the nervous system
define central nervous
system and peripheral
sheep brain dissection
nervous system tissue
microscope lab
action potential-epilepsy
lab
Page 12
nervous systems and
name the major divisions
of the nervous system.
SC.912.L.14.22 Describe
the physiology of nerve
conduction, including the
generator potential,
action potential, and the
synapse.
SC.912.L.14.23 Identify
the parts of a reflex arc.
SC.912.L.14.25 Identify
the major parts of a cross
section through the spinal
cord.
SC.912.L.14.27 Identify
the functions of the major
parts of the brain,
including the meninges,
medulla, pons, midbrain,
hypothalamus, thalamus,
cerebellum and
cerebrum..912.L.14.49
Identify the major
functions associated with
the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous
systems.
SC.912.L.14.50 Describe
the structure of vertebrate
sensory organs. Relate
neurons (anatomy, cell
body, processes, myelin
sheath, terminology)
classification (functional,
structural)
physiology: nerve impulses
(electrical conditions of a
resting neuron’s membrane,
action potential initiation
and generation, transmission
of the signal at synapses)
physiology: reflexes
C. central nervous system
functional anatomy of the
brain (cerebral hemispheres,
cerebral cortex, cerebral
white matter, basal nuclei,
diencephalon, brain stem,
midbrain, pons, medulla
oblongata, reticular
formation, cerebellum)
protection of the central
nervous system (meninges,
cerebrospinal fluid, blood-
brain barrier)
brain dysfunctions
(traumatic brain injuries,
cerebrovascular accident)
spinal cord (gray matter of
the spinal cord and spinal
roots, white matter of the
spinal cord)
D. peripheral nervous system
structure of a nerve
cranial nerves
nervous system, and list
the major parts of each
state the functions of
neurons and neuroglia
describe the general
structure of a neuron, and
name its important
anatomical regions
classify neurons according
to structure and function
list the general types of
sensory receptors and
describe their functions
describe the events that
lead to the generations of a
nerve impulse and its
conduction from one
neuron to another
define reflex arc, and list
its elements
identify and indicate the
functions of the major
regions of the cerebral
hemispheres,
diencephalon, brain stem,
and cerebellum on a
human brain model or
diagram
name the three meningeal
layers, and state their
functions
discuss the formation and
functions of the
cerebrospinal fluid and the
blood-brain barrier
neuron and synapse
foldable
drug education web-quest
dementia virtual reality
experience
http://www.awalkthrough
dementia.org/
Pearson online
component
CNS/PNS quiz
end-of-unit assessment
Page 13
structure to function in
vertebrate sensory
systems
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
history can impact
personal health.
spinal nerves and nerve
plexuses
autonomic nervous system
(somatic/autonomic nervous
systems compared, anatomy
of the
parasympathetic/sympatheti
c division and functioning)
E. developmental aspects of the
nervous system
compare the signs of a
CVA with those of
Alzheimer’s disease; of a
contusion with those of a
concussion
define EEG, and explain
how it evaluates neural
functioning
list two important
functions of the spinal
cord
describe spinal cord
structure
describe the general
structure of a nerve
identify the cranial nerves
by number and name, and
list the major functions of
each
describe the origin and
fiber composition of (1)
ventral and dorsal roots,
(2) the spinal nerve proper,
(3) ventral and dorsal rami
name the four major nerve
plexuses, give the major
nerves of each, and
describe their distribution
identify the site of origin,
and explain the function of
the sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions
of the autonomic nervous
system
contrast the effects of
parasympathetic and
Page 14
sympathetic divisions on
the heart, lungs, digestive
system, and blood vessels
list several factos that may
have harmful side effects
on brain development
briefly describe the cause,
signs, and consequences of
spina bifida, anencephaly,
and cerebral palsy
explain the decline in brain
size and weight that occurs
with age
define senility, and list
some possible causes
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 8: Special Senses
~1 week
SC.912.L.14.50 Describe
the structure of vertebrate
sensory organs. Relate
structure to function in
vertebrate sensory
systems
HE.912.C.1.3 Evaluate
how environment and
personal health are
interrelated.
A. The eye and vision
external and accessory
structures
internal structures: the
eyeball
fibrous, vascular, and
sensory layers that form the
eye
lens
B. Physiology of vision
pathway of light through the
eye and light refraction
visual fields and visual
pathways to the brain
eye reflexes
C. Hearing and balance
anatomy of the ear (external,
middle, internal)
when provided with a
model or diagram,
identify the accessory
eye structures, and list
the functions of each
name the layers of the
wall of the eye, and
indicate the major
function of each
explain how the
function of rods and
cones differ
define blind spot,
cataract, and
glaucoma
trace the pathway of
light through the eye
to the retina
sheep/cow eye
dissection
cow tongue dissection
eyeball foldable
proprioception,
vision, and hearing
lab
“Test Your Reflexes”
lab
Pearson online
component
Page 15
equilibrium (static,
dynamic)
hearing
hearing and equilibrium
deficits
D. Chemical senses
olfactory receptors and
sense of smell
taste buds and sense of taste
E. Developmental aspects of
special senses
discuss the importance
of an opthalmoscopic
exam
describe image
formation on the retina
define
accommodation,
astigmatism,
emmetropia,
hyperopia, myopia,
and refraction
trace the visual
pathway to the visual
cortex
discuss the importance
of the convergence
and pupillary reflexes
identify the structures
of the external,
middle, and internal
ear, and list the
functions of each
distinguish between
static and dynamic
equilibrium
describe how the
equilibrium organs
maintain balance
explain the function of
the spiral organ of
Corti in hearing
define sensorineural
and conductive
deafness, and list the
possible causes of
each
Page 16
explain how a person
is able to localize the
source of a sound
describe the location,
structure, and function
of the olfactory and
taste receptors
name the five basic
taste sensations, and
list the factors that
modify the sense of
taste
describe changes that
occur with age in the
special sensory organs
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 9: The Endocrine
System
~1 week
SC.912.L.14.29 Define
the terms endocrine and
exocrine.
SC.912.L.14.30 Compare
endocrine and neural
controls of physiology.
SC.912.L.14.31 Describe
the physiology of
hormones including the
different types and the
A. Overview of the endocrine
system and hormone function
chemistry of hormones
hormone action (direct gene
activation, second-
messenger system)
control of hormone release
(endocrine, hormonal,
humoral, and neural stimuli
B. Major endocrine organs
pituitary gland and
hypothalamus
pituitary-hypothalamus
relationship
the posterior pituitary and
hypothalamus hormones
define hormone and
target organ
describe how
hormones being about
their effects on the
body
explain how various
endocrine glands are
stimulated to release
their hormonal
products
define negative
feedback, and describe
its role in regulating
blood levels of the
various hormones
role of the endocrine
system in stress
response lab
endocrine system
foldable
NOVA online
hormone activity
http://www.pbs.org/w
gbh/nova/education/a
ctivities/3313_03_nsn
.html
hormone quiz
blood glucose
metabolism lab
Pearson online
component
Page 17
mechanisms of their
action.
HE.912.C.1.3 Evaluate
how environment and
personal health are
interrelated.
HE.912.C.1.5 Analyze
strategies for prevention,
detection, and treatment
of communicable and
chronic diseases.
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
history can impact
personal health.
anterior pituitary hormones
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
adrenal glands (adrenal
cortex and medulla
hormones)
pancreatic islets
pineal gland
thymus
gonads (hormones of the
ovaries and testes)
C. Other hormone-producing
tissues and organs
placenta
D. Developmental aspects of the
endocrine system
describe the difference
between endocrine and
exocrine glands
on a diagram, identify
the major endocrine
glands and tissues
list hormones
produced by the
endocrine glands, and
discuss their general
functions
discuss ways in which
hormones promote
body homeostasis by
giving examples of
hormonal actions
describe major
pathological
consequences of
hyper/hyposecretions
of the hormones
considered in the unit
describe the functional
relationship between
the hypothalamus and
the pituitary gland
indicate the endocrine
role of the kidneys, the
stomach and
intestines, the heart,
and the placenta
describe the effect of
aging on the endocrine
system and body
homeostasis
end-of-unit
assessment
Unit/Standards/ Topic(s) Learning Objectives Assessments/Labs
Page 18
Duration “Students will…” Unit 10: Blood and
Cardiovascular System
~3 weeks
SC.912.L.14.34 Describe
the composition and
physiology of blood,
including that of the
plasma and the formed
elements.
SC.912.L.14.35 Describe
the steps in hemostasis,
including the mechanism
of coagulation. Include
the basis for blood typing
and transfusion reactions.
SC.912.L.14.36 Describe
the factors affecting
blood flow through the
cardiovascular system.
SC.912.L.14.37 Explain
the components of an
electrocardiogram.
SC.912.L.14.38 Describe
normal heart sounds and
what they mean.
SC.912.L.14.39 Describe
hypertension and some of
the factors that produce
it.
A. Composition and functions of
blood
components
physical characteristics and
volume
plasma
formed elements
(erythrocytes, leukocytes,
platelets)
hematopoiesis (formation of
red and white blood cells
and platelets)
B. Hemostasis
disorders of hemostasis
(undesirable clotting,
bleeding disorders)
C. Blood groups and transfusions
human blood groups
blood typing
D. Developmental aspects of blood
and the cardiovascular system
E. The heart
size, location, orientation
covering and walls of the
heart
chambers and associated
great vessels
heart valves
cardiac circulation
intrinsic conduction system
cardiac cycle and heart
sounds
describe the
composition and
volume of whole
blood
describe the
composition of
plasma, and discuss its
importance in the body
list the cell types
making up the formed
elements, and describe
the major functions of
each
define anemia,
polycythemia,
leucytosis, and list
possible causes of
each condition
explain the role of
hemocyoblast
describe the process of
blood-clotting
name some factors that
may inhibit or enhance
the blood-clotting
process
describe the ABO and
Rh blood groups
explain the basis for
blood transfusion
reaction
explain the basis of
physiological jaundice
seen in newborns
pig heart dissection
hypertension virtual
lab
http://www.glencoe.c
om/sites/common_ass
ets/science/virtual_lab
s/LS23/LS23.html
blood typing lab
arts infusion project
on making music out
of heart sounds
(stethoscope and
echocardiogram)
EKG strips lab
Pearson online
component
circulatory system
quiz
end-of-unit
assessment
Page 19
SC.912.L.14.40 Describe
the histology of the major
arteries and veins of
systemic, pulmonary,
hepatic portal, and
coronary circulation.
SC.912.L.14.41 Describe
fetal circulation and
changes that occur to the
circulatory system at
birth.
HE.912.C.1.5 Analyze
strategies for prevention,
detection, and treatment
of communicable and
chronic diseases.
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
history can impact
personal health.
cardiac output (regulation of
stroke volume, factors
modifying basic heart rate
F. Blood vessels
microscopic anatomy
(tunics, structural
differences in arteries, veins,
and capillaries)
gross anatomy of blood
vessels (major arteries of the
systemic circulation, arterial
branches of the ascending
aorta, aortic arch, thoracic
aorta, and abdominal aorta)
major veins of the systemic
circulation (veins draining
into the superior/inferior
vena cava)
special circulations (arterial
supply of the brain and
Circle of Willis, hepatic
portal circulation, fetal
circulation)
G. Physiological Circulation
arterial pulse
blood pressure gradient
measuring blood pressure
effects of various factors on
blood pressure (autonomic
nervous system, kidneys,
temperature, chemicals, diet)
variation in blood pressure
capillary exchanges of gases
and nutrients
fluid movement at capillary
beds
indicate blood
disorders that increase
in frequency in the
aged
describe the location
of the heart in the
body, and identify its
major anatomical
areas on an
appropriate model or
diagram
trace the pathway of
blood through the
heart
compare the
pulmonary and
systemic circuits
explain the operation
of the heart valves
name the functional
blood supply of the
heart
name the elements of
the intrinsic
conduction system of
the heart, and describe
the pathway of
impulses through this
system
explain what
information can be
gained from an
electrocardiogram
define systole,
diastole, stroke
volume, cardiac cycle,
Page 20
heart sounds, and
murmur
describe the effect of
each of the following
on heart rate:
stimulations by the
vagus nerve, exercise,
epinephrine, and
various ions
compare and contrast
the structure and
function of arteries
and veins, and name
the body region
supplied by each
discuss the unique
features of the arterial
circulation of the
brain, fetal circulation,
and hepatic portal
circulation
define pulse, and name
several pulse points
define blood pressure,
and list factors
affecting and/or
determining blood
pressure
define hypertension
and atherosclerosis,
and describe possible
health consequences
of these conditions
describe the exchanges
that occur across
capillary walls
Page 21
briefly describe the
development of the
cardiovascular system
name the fetal vascular
modifications, or
“fetal shunts,” and
describe their function
before birth
describe changes in
the cardiovascular
system with aging and
list several factors that
help maintain
cardiovascular health
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 11: Lymphatic
System
~1 week
SC.912.L.14.42 Describe
the anatomy and the
physiology of the lymph
system.
SC.912.L.16.8 Explain
the relationship between
mutation, cell cycle, and
uncontrolled cell growth
potentially resulting in
cancer.
SC.912.L.14.52
Explain the basic
functions of the human
A. Lymphatic vessels
B. Lymph nodes
C. Lymph organs
D. Innate body defenses
surface membrane barriers
internal defenses: cells and
chemicals (natural killer
cells, inflammatory
response, phagocytes,
antimicrobial proteins,
complement, interferon,
fever)
E. Adaptive body defenses
antigens
cells of the adaptive defense
system (lymphocytes,
antigen-presenting cells)
humoral immune response
antibodies (basic structure,
classes, function)
explain how the
lymphatic system is
functionally related to
the cardiovascular and
immune systems
name the two major
types of structures
composing the
lymphatic system
describe the source of
lymph, and explain its
formation and
transport
describe the
function(s) of lymph
nodes, tonsils, thymus,
Peyer’s patches, and
the spleen
describe the protective
functions of the skin
lymph system and
swelling prevention
lab
arts infusion project:
creating a lymph node
lymphatic system
online quiz
https://www.purposeg
ames.com/game/the-
lymphatic-system-
game
Pearson online
component
end-of-unit
assessment
Page 22
immune system,
including specific and
nonspecific immune
response, vaccines, and
antibiotics.
HE.912.C.1.5 Analyze
strategies for prevention,
detection, and treatment
of communicable and
chronic diseases.
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
history can impact
personal health.
cellular immune response
organ transplant and
rejection
disorders of immunity
(autoimmune diseases,
allergies,
immunodeficiencies)
F. Developmental aspects of the
lymphatic system and body
defenses
and mucous
membranes
explain the role of the
natural killer cells
describe the
inflammatory process
explain the importance
of phagocytes
name several
antimicrobial
substances produced
by the body that act in
innate body defense
describe how fever
helps protect the body
define antigen and
hapten, and name
substances that act as
complete antigens
name the two arms of
the adaptive defense
system, and relate
each to a specific
lymphocyte type (B or
T cells)
compare and contrast
the development of B
and T cells
explain the importance
of ACPs in immunity
define humoral
immunity
state the role of
plasma cells
explain the function(s)
of antibodies, and
Page 23
describe clinical uses
of monoclonal
antibodies
distinguish between
active and passive
immunity
describe the structure
of an antibody
monomer
list the five antibody
classes, and describe
their specific roles in
immunity
describe several ways
in which antibodies act
against antigens
distinguish between
the roles of helper,
regulatory, and cytoxic
T cells
describe
immunodeficiencies,
allergies, and
autoimmune diseases
describe the origin of
the lymphatic vessels
describe the effects of
aging on immunity
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 12: Respiratory
System
~2 weeks
SC.912.L.14.43 Describe
the histology of the
A. Functional anatomy of the
respiratory system
nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
name the organs
forming the
respiratory
passageway from the
nasal cavity to the
alveoli of the lungs,
respiratory system
foldable
journal article
“Managing Cystic
Fibrosis”
Page 24
respiratory system.
SC.912.L.14.44 Describe
the physiology of the
respiratory system
including the
mechanisms of
ventilation, gas exchange,
gas transport and the
mechanisms that control
the rate of ventilation.
SC.912.N.1.1 Define a
problem based on a
specific body of
knowledge, for example
SC.912.L.18.6 Discuss
the role of anaerobic
respiration in living
things and in human
society.
SC.912.L.18.8 Identify
the reactants, products,
and basic functions of
aerobic and anaerobic
cellular respiration.
HE.912.C.1.5 Analyze
strategies for prevention,
detection, and treatment
of communicable and
chronic diseases.
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
main bronchi
lungs
respiratory membrane
B. Respiratory physiology
mechanics of breathing
(inspiration, expiration)
respiratory volumes and
capacities
nonrespiratory air
movements
respiratory sounds
external respirations, gas
transport and internal
respiration
control of respiration
neural regulation
nonneural factors (physical,
volition, emotional,
chemical)
C. Respiratory disorders
COPD
lung cancer
D. Developmental aspects of the
respiratory system
and describe the
function of each
describe several
protective mechanisms
of the respiratory
system
describe the structure
and function of the
lungs and the pleural
coverings
describe the structure
of the respiratory
membrane
define cellular
respiration,
internal/external
respiration, pulmonary
ventilation,
expiration/inspiration
explain how the
respiratory muscles
cause volume changes
that lead to air flow
into and out of the
lungs
define tidal volume,
vital capacity,
expiratory reserve
volume, inspiratory
reserve volume, and
residual air
name several
nonrespiratory air
movements, and
explain how they
modify or differ from
Anatomy Arcade
“Respiratory System”
http://www.anatomya
rcade.com/games/ga
mesRespiratory.html
exercise and cellular
respiration lab
Pearson online
component
respiratory system
anatomy quiz
end-of-unit
assessment
Page 25
history can impact
personal health.
normal respiratory air
movements
describe the process of
gas exchanges in the
lungs and tissues
describe how oxygen
and carbon dioxide are
transported in the
blood
name the brain areas
involved in control of
respiration
name several physical
factors that influence
respiratory rate
explain the relative
importance of oxygen
and carbon dioxide in
modifying breathing
rate and depth
explain why it is not
possible to stop
breathing voluntarily
define apnea,
hyperventilation, and
hypoventilation
describe the symptoms
and probable cause of
COPD and lung cancer
describe normal
changes that occur in
respiratory system
functioning from
infancy to old age
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Page 26
Unit 13: Digestive
System & Body
Metabolism
~2 weeks
SC.912.L.14.45 Describe
the histology of the
alimentary canal and its
associated accessory
organs.
SC.912.L.14.46 Describe
the physiology of the
digestive system,
including mechanical
digestion, chemical
digestion, absorption and
the neural and hormonal
mechanisms of control
HE.912.C.1.5 Analyze
strategies for prevention,
detection, and treatment
of communicable and
chronic diseases.
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
history can impact
personal health.
A. Anatomy of the digestive system
organs of the alimentary
canal (mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach,
small/large intestines)
accessory digestive organs
(teeth, salivary glands,
pancreas, liver, gallbladder)
B. Functions of the digestive
system
ingestion, propulsion,
mechanical breakdown,
digestion, absorption,
defecation)
food ingestions and
breakdown, food propulsion,
swallowing and peristalsis
activities of the small
intestine (food breakdown
and absorption, food
propulsion)
activities of the large
intestine (food breakdown
and absorption, propulsion,
of the residue and
defecation)
C. Nutrition
dietary sources of the major
nutrients (carbs, lipids,
proteins, vitamins, minerals)
D. Metabolism
carb, fat, protein metabolism
general metabolic functions
of the liver
cholesterol metabolism and
transport
name the organs of the
alimentary canal and
accessory digestive
organs, and identify
each on an appropriate
diagram or model
identify the overall
function of the
digestive system as
digestion and
absorption of
foodstuffs, and
describe the general
activities of each
digestive organ
explain how villi aid
digestion processes in
the small intestine
list the accessory
digestive organs, and
describe the general
function of each
name the deciduous
and permanent teeth,
and describe the basic
anatomy of the tooth
describe the
composition and
function(s) of saliva
name the main
digestive product of
the pancreas and liver
list and describe the
six main activities of
the digestive system
cow stomach
dissection
carb/enzyme lab
“Murder and a Meal”
stomach contents lab
digestive system
foldable
Pearson online
component
end-of-unit
assessment
Page 27
regulation of food intake
metabolic rate and body heat
production (basal/total
metabolic rate)
body temperature regulation
(heat-promoting/loss
mechanisms
E. Developmental aspects of the
digestive system and metabolism
describe how
foodstuffs in the
digestive tract are
mixed and moved
along the tract
describe the function
of local hormones in
digestion
list the major enzymes
or enzyme groups
involved in digestion,
and name the
foodstuffs on which
they act
describe the
mechanism of
swallowing, vomiting,
and defection
name the end products
of protein, fat, and
carbs digestion
define nutrient and
kilocalorie
list the six nutrient
categories
note important dietary
sources and their main
cellular uses
define metabolism,
anabolism, and
catabolism
recognize the uses of
carbs, fats, and
proteins in cell
metabolism
Page 28
describe the metabolic
roles of the liver
explain the importance
of energy balance in
the body, and indicate
each one’s effect
describe how body
temperature is
regulated
name important
congenital disorders of
the digestive system
and significant inborn
errors of metabolism
describe the effect of
aging on the digestive
system
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 14: Urinary
System
~1 week
SC.912.L.14.47 Describe
the physiology of urine
formation by the kidney.
SC.912.L.14.48 Describe
the anatomy, histology,
and physiology of the
ureters, the urinary
bladder and the urethra.
A. Kidneys
location and structure
(blood supply)
nephrons and urine
formation, glomerular
filtration, tubular
reasbsorption, tubular
secretion, characteristics
of urine
B. Ureters, urinary bladders, and
urethra
micturition
C. Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base
balance
maintaining water and
electrolyte balance if
blood
describe the location of the
kidneys in the body
identify hilum, cortex,
medulla, medullary
pyramids, calyces, pelvis,
and renal columns
recognize the nephron is
the structural and
functional unit of the
kidney, and describe its
anatomy
describe the process of
urine formation, identify
the areas of the nephron
that are responsible for
filtration, reabsorption,
and secretion
kidney dissection
Pearson online
component
kidney filtration lab
kidney anatomy quiz
Page 29
body fluids and
compartments
link between salt and
water
regulation of water
intake and output
electrolyte balance
maintaining acid-base
balance of blood
blood buffers
respiratory system
controls
renal mechanisms
D. Developmental aspects of the
urinary system
describe the function of
the kidneys in excretion of
nitrogen-containing wastes
define anuria and oliguria
describe the composition
of normal urine
list abnormal urinary
components
describe the general
structure and function of
the ureters, urinary bladder
and urethra
compare the course and
length of the male urethra
to that of a female
define micturition
describe the difference in
control of the external and
internal urethra sphincters
name and localize the
three main fluid
compartments of the body
explain the role of ADH in
the regulation of water
balance by the kidney
explain the role of
aldosterone in sodium and
potassium balance of the
blood
define dieresis and
polyuria
compare and contrast the
relative speed of buffers,
the respiratory system, and
the kidneys in maintaining
Page 30
the acid-base balance of
the blood
describe three common
congenital problems of the
urinary system
describe the effect of again
on urinary system
functioning
Unit/Standards/ Duration
Topic(s) Learning Objectives “Students will…”
Assessments/Labs
Unit 15: Reproductive
System
~2 weeks
SC.912.L.16.13 Describe
the basic anatomy and
physiology of the human
reproductive system.
Describe the process of
human development from
fertilization to birth and
major changes that occur
in each trimester of
pregnancy.
HE.912.C.1.5 Analyze
strategies for prevention,
detection, and treatment
of communicable and
chronic diseases.
HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze
how heredity and family
history can impact
A. Anatomy of the male
reproductive system
testes, epididymis,
ductus deferens, urethra,
seminal glands, prostate,
bulbourethral glands,
semen
B. Male reproductive functions
spermatogenesis
testosterone production
C. Anatomy of the female
reproductive system
ovaries, fallopian tubes,
uterus, vagina, external
genitalia, perineum
D. Female reproductive functions
and cycles
oogenesis, the ovarian
cycle, menstrual,
proliferative,
secretory phases
E. Mammary glands
F. Pregnancy and embryonic
development
discuss the common
purpose of the
reproductive system
organs
identify the organs of the
male/female reproductive
systems on a diagram or
model and discuss their
functions
name the endocrine and
exocrine products of the
testes
discuss the composition of
semen, and name the
glands that produce it
trace the pathway followed
by a sperm from testis to
the body exterior
define erection,
ejaculation, and
circumcision
define spermatogenesis
and meiosis
testes dissection
NOVA fetal development
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/no
va/education/activities/2816_
miracle.html
Spreading STDs lab
male/female reproductive
anatomy quiz
reproductive structures
histology online lab
http://www.niagaracc.suny.ed
u/val/repro.html
Pearson online component
end-of-unit assessment
Page 31
personal health.
accomplishing
fertilization
events of embryonic and
fetal development
effects of pregnancy on
the mother
(anatomical/physiologic
al changes:
gastrointestinal, urinary,
respiratory,
cardiovascular systems)
childbirth (initiation of
labor, dilation,
expulsion, placental
stages)
G. Developmental aspects of the
reproductive system
describe the structure of a
sperm, and relate its
structure to its function
describe the effect of FSH
and LH on testis
functioning
describe the functions of
the vesicular follicle and
corpus luteum of the ovary
define endometrium,
myometrium, and
ovulation
indicate the location of the
cervix, fundus, and body
of the cervix
define oogenesis
describe the influence of
FSH and LH on ovarian
function
describe the phases and
controls of the menstrual
cycle
describe the structure and
function of the mammary
glands
define fertilization and
zygote
describe implantation
distinguish between an
embryo and fetus
list the major functions of
the placenta
indicate several ways that
pregnancy alters or
modifies the functioning of
the mother’s body
Page 32
list several agents that can
interfere with normal fetal
development
describe how labor is
initiated, and briefly
discuss the three stages of
labor
describe the importance of
the presence/absence of
testosterone during
embryonic development of
the reproductive organs
define menarche and
menopause
list common reproductive
system problems seen in
adult aging men and
women
ELA Common Core Math Common Core LACC.1112.RST.1.1 LACC.1112.WHST1.1e
LACC.1112.RST.1.2 LACC.1112.WHST1.2a
LACC.1112.RST.1.3 LACC.1112.WHST1.2b
LACC.1112.RST.2.4 LACC.1112.WHST1.2c
LACC.1112.RST.2.5 LACC.1112.WHST1.2d
LACC.1112.RST.2.6 LACC.1112.WHST1.2e
LACC.1112.RST.3.7 LACC.1112.SL.1.1c
LACC.1112.RST.3.8 LACC.1112.SL.1.1d
LACC.1112.RST.3.9 LACC.1112.SL.1.2
LACC.1112.RST.4.10 LACC.1112.SL.1.3
LACC.1112.SL.1.1a LACC.1112.SL.2.4
LACC.1112.SL.1.1b LACC.1112.SL.2.5
LACC.1112.WHST.3.8 LACC.1112.WHST.1.2
LACC.1112.WHST.3.9 LACC.1112.WHST.2.4
LACC.1112.WHST.4.10 LACC.1112.WHST.2.5
LACC.1112.WHST1.1a LACC.1112.WHST.2.6
LACC.1112.WHST1.1b LACC.1112.WHST.3.7
LACC.1112.WHST1.1c LACC.1112.WHST1.1d
MACC.912.F-IF.2.4
MACC.912.F-IF.3.7
MACC.912.N-Q.1.1
MACC.912.N-Q.1.3
MACC.912.S-IC.2.6
MACC.912.S-ID.1.1
MACC.912.S-ID.1.2
MACC.912.S-ID.1.3
MACC.912.S-ID.1.4
MACC.912.S-ID.2.5
MACC.912.S-ID.2.6