Anatomi Fisiologi Repro Wanita Farmasi Fx 2014

anatomi-fisiologi repro wanita -farmasi-2014

Sistem ReproduksiWanita

C h a p t e r29 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Tujuan PembelajaranMenjelaskan Struktur Reproduksi wanitaMenjelaskan fungsi Reproduksi wanitaPrinciple organs of the female reproductive systemOvariesUterine tubesUterusVaginaFigure 26.13Figure 26.13 The Female Reproductive System

Held in position by ovarian and suspensory ligamentsBlood vessels enter at ovarian hilusTunica albuginea covers ovaryThe ovariesFigure 26.14a, bFigure 26.14 The Ovaries and Their Relationships to the Uterine Tube and Uterus

Ovum productionOccurs monthly in ovarian folliclesPart of ovarian cycleFollicular phase (preovulatory)Luteal phase (postovulatory)OogenesisFigure 26.15Figure 26.15 Oogenesis

Steps in the ovarian cycle Formation of primary, secondary, and tertiary folliclesOvulationFormation and degeneration of the corpus luteumDegradation of the corpus luteumThe ovarian cycleFigure 26.16.1Figure 26.16 The Ovarian Cycle

Figure 26.16.2Figure 26.16 The Ovarian Cycle

Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes or oviducts) InfundibulumEnd closest to the ovary with numerous fimbriaeAmpulla The middle portionIsthmus A short segment connected to the uterine wallThe Uterine tubesEach uterine tube opens directly into uterine cavityFertilization occurs in uterine tube12-24 hours after ovulationDuring passage from infundibulum to uterusFigure 26.17a-cFigure 26.17 The Uterine Tubes

Muscular organ Mechanical protectionNutritional supportWaste removal for the developing embryo and fetusSupported by the broad ligament and 3 pairs of suspensory ligamentsThe uterusMajor anatomical landmarksBodyIsthmusCervixCervical os (external orifice)Uterine cavityCervical canalInternal os (internal orifice)UterusMyometrium outer muscular layerEndometrium a thin, inner, glandular mucosaPerimetrium an incomplete serosa continuous with the peritoneumUterine wall consists of three layers:Figure 26.18aFigure 26.18 The Uterus

Figure 26.18bFigure 26.18 The Uterus

Figure 26.19aFigure 26.19 The Uterine Wall

Figure 26.19bFigure 26.19 The Uterine Wall

Repeating series of changes in the endometriumContinues from menarche to menopauseMensesDegeneration of the endometriumMenstruationProliferative phase Restoration of the endometriumSecretory phaseEndometrial glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretionUterine cycleFigure 26.20Figure 26.20 The Uterine Cycle

Major functionsPassageway for elimination of menstrual fluidsReceives the penis during sexual intercourseForms the inferior portion of the birth canalThe vaginaFigure 26.21Figure 26.21 The Histology of the Vagina

VulvaVestibuleLabia minora and majoraParaurethral glandsClitorisLesser and greater vestibular glandsExternal genitaliaFigure 26.22Figure 26.22 The Female External Genitalia

Pectoral fat padNipple surrounded by the areolaFunction in lactation under control of reproductive hormonesMammary glandsFigure 26.23a-cFigure 26.23 The Mammary Glands

Control the reproductive cycleCoordinate the ovarian and uterine cyclesHormones of the female reproductive cycleKey hormones include:FSHStimulates follicular developmentLH Maintains structure and secretory function of corpus luteumEstrogens Have multiple functions Progesterones Stimulate endometrial growth and secretionHormones of the female reproductive cycleFigure 26.25Figure 26.25 The Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian Activity

Figure 26.26a-cThe Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle

Figure 26.26d-fThe Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle

Stages are comparable to those of male sexual functionArousal causes clitoral erectionVaginal surfaces are moistened Parasympathetic stimulation causes engorgement of blood vessels in the nipplesFemale sexual functionThe time that ovulation and menstruation ceaseTypically around age 45-55Accompanied by a decline in circulating estrogen and progesterone Rise in GnRH, FSH, LHMenopause