Anatomi Endokrin Mei 2014

8/18/2019 Anatomi Endokrin Mei 2014

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Anatomy of the

Endocrine System

Oleh : Chodidjah


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• At the end of the lecture, students should be

able to d escribe :

The position and structur of the glands of

endocrine system:hypothalamus, pituitary,pineal, thyroid, para thyroid, adrenal,

pancreas, ovarium, testis

The structures of Hypothalamus related to

the pituitary gland.

Hormones which producing of endocrine

system


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

the structures of hypothalamus related

to the pituitary gland.

• Describe the blood supply of endocrine

system gland .

•Describe the blood supply of pituitarygland & the hypophyseal portal system.


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• The nervous system of endocrine


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the Endocrine System• The endocrine system ismade up of seen di!erent

"#ands that ma$e chemica#sca##ed %OR&ONES'

•%OR&ONES are su(stancesthat act as mesen"er tocontro# many (ody function'


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The endocrine system ma$es

more the )* mayor hormonesthat he#p contro#+

• Gro,th

• Reproduction• Se-sua# dee#opment

• .se and Stora"e of ener"y

• Responses to physica# stress ortrauma

• Lee# of /uid sa#t and su"ar in

(#ood


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GLANDS OF ENDOCRINESYSTEM

• Hypothalamus

• Pineal

• Pituitary

• Thymus

• Thyroid

• Para thyroid

• Adrenal• Pancreas

• Gonade ( Ovarium and Testis)


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%01OT%ALA&.S

The hypotha#amusis #ocated in thecenter of the (rain'

It ma$es hormonesthat increase or

decrease the re#easeof the hormonesmade in thepituitary "#and ita#so ma$eshormones that he#p

to contro# ,ater(a#ance2 s#eep2temperature2appetide and (#oodpressure'


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Hormones Which produced by hypothalamus

Releasing Hormones RH!

"rowth Hormone RH

"onadotrophin RH

Thyrotropin RH

#rolactin RH

$orticotropin RH

Release% inhibiting Hormones:

omatostatin

Dopamin


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1IT.ITAR0 GLAN34%01O1%0SIS CEREBRI5

't is referred to as the master of endocrine glands.

't is a small oval structure ( cm in diameter.


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't lies in the middle cranial fossa

1OSITION


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it lies between optic chiasma anteriorly! &

mamillary bodies posteriorly!.

&ami##ary (od

ptic chiasma

Body of sphenoi


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)#*R'+R: Diaphragma

sellae'-*R'+R: phenoidal air

sinuses

/T*R/: $avernous

sinuses


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S.B3IVISIONS O6 1IT.ITAR0 GLAN3

The gland is divided into:(! /nterior lobe /denohypophysis!: it is the True gland, ecretes

hormones

0! #osterior lobe eurohypophysis!: connected to hypothalamus

through hypothalamo%hypophyseal tract, tores hormones secreted by

hypothalamic nuclei

ypothalamo-hypophyseal

tract


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BLOO3 S.11L0 O6 1IT.ITAR0 GLAN3

/RT*R'*: uperior & inferior hypophyseal arteries branches

of internal carotid artery!

1*': Hypophyseal veins drain into $avernous inuses.


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ARTERIES

uperior hypophyseal: supplies infundibulum & forms a capillary

networ2 from which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the

anterior lobe of pituitary gland hypophyseal portal system!.'nferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland.

a hypothalamo-hypophsealportal essel


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Hormone%releasing &

inhibiting factors

produced byhypothalamus use

Hypophyseal #ortal

ystem of vessels toreach the /nterior

lobe of pituitary gland

ANTERIOR

LOBE


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The neurohypophysis

receives a nerve supply fromsome of the hypothalamic

nuclei (supraoptic &

paraventricular )

The axons of these nuclei

convey their neurosecretion

to the Posterior lobe of

pituitary gland throughHypothalamo-Hypophyseal

tract from where it passes into

the blood stream.

1OSTERIORLOBE

, c


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, cproducin" ofanteriorpituitary "#ands

- Growth hormone

( GH)

- uteini!in" hormone

(H)

- #ollicle $timulatin"hormone (#$H)

- Thyrotropin hormone

(T$H)

- Prolactin (P%)

- Adrenocorticotropichormone ( ACTH)

- &elanocye- stimulatin"

hormone ( &$H)


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!OSTERIOR !IT"ITARY#ORMONES

O'TOC

*A$OP%+$$ ( Anti ,iuretic

HormonesA,H. Ar"inin

*asopressinA*P.or Ar"ipressin)

!osterior pituitary hormones are sinthesed /ythe hypothalamus0 They are than store in

neurosecretory vesicles /e1ore secreted /y

pituitary into /lood stream0


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1INEAL "#and7pinea# (ody

The pinea# "#and#ocated in thecentre of the (rain2to the (et,een thecere(ra#

hemisphereattached to thethird entric#e

It produced theme#atonin hormone2,ith is used the(ody to $eepnorma# (ody s#eepcyc#e '


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The ThyroidG#and

2rownish-red and so1t

durin" li1e 0

ocated in the nec3 /elow

the laryn4 . and anterior to

the trachea

5sually wei"hs a/out 67-89"(lar"er inwomen)

$urrounded /y a thin.

1i/rous capsule o1 connective

tissue

+4ternal to this is 1ormed /y

pretracheal 1ascia

%i"ht and le1t lo/es are

connected /y /and o1 tissue

called isthmus0


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sthmus: e4tends across the

trachea anterior to second and

third tracheal cartila"es

Pyramidal lo/ee4ists.

ascendin" 1rom the isthmus

towards hyoid /one

ies deep to sternothyroidand

sternohyoid muscles

Parathyroid "lands usually lie

/etween posterior /order o1

thyroid "land and its sheath

nternal ju"ular vein and

common carotid arterylie

postero-lateral to thyroid


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ARTERIAL S.11L0

Arterial supply 1rom

superior and in1erior

thyroid arteries

;lie /etween capsule and

pretracheal 1ascia (1alse

capsule)

- all thyroid arteries

anastomose with one

another on and in the

su/stance o1 the thyroid./ut little anastomosis

across the median plane 0


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1ARAT%0ROI3GLAN3

#our parathyroid "land are1ound near the posterior

aspect o1 the thyroid "land0

They are small 69 -


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A3RENAL GLAN37S.1RARENALGLAN3

The adrenal "land is a smalltri an"ular "land located on

top o1 the 3idney0

Adrenal "lands are oran"e

colored endocrine "lands

that are a/out

=.7 4 8 inch0

The "land consist s o1 a

medulla and is surrounded

/y corte40

t is responsi/le 1or

producin" epinephrin andnor epinephrin . as well as

the hormones related with

stress thou"ht the process o1

corticosteroids0


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A3RENAL GLAN3


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• O$e the ma%$ &'$(t%o$ o& the a)re$al*la$) %s to +or, +%th thehypothalam's a$) the p%t'%tary

• The hypothalam's pro)'(e)(ort%(otroph%$- Realeas%$* #ormo$ethat st%m'late) the a)re$al *la$)s to

pro)'(e hormo$e (alle)(ort%(ostero%)


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BLOO3 S.11L0

The artrial /lood supply

to each adrenal "land is

via three adrenal

arteries:

-The superior suprarenal

artery. a /ranch o1 thein1erior phrenic artuery

-- The middle suprarenal

artery. a /ranch o1 the

aorta

-- The in1erior suprarenalartery. a /ranch o1 the

renal artery


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The Venousdraina"e

-The enousdraina"e of theadrena# is ia thesuprarena# eins,hich drain into

di!erent maineins on each side'

8 The ri"ht into theinferior ena caa

- The #eft into the

#eft rena# or #eftinferior phrenicein


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NERVE S.11L0

The adrenal "land

have a rich nervesupply . /ranch 1rom

Coeliac ple4us and

the thoracicus

splancnic


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6.NCTIONALANATO&0

The adrena# "#and can (edeide into t,o 9ones2 eachof ,hich producin" speci:chormones'

The inner part of the adrena#ca##ed medu##a secretedadrena#in 4 epinephrine5 and

noradrena#in 4 norepinephrine5

The outer part of theadrena# "#and ca##ed corte-secreted +

8 &inera#ocorticoid A#dosteron 4 9ona

"#omeru#osa5

8 G#ucocorticoid corti9o#4 ;ona fascicu#ata5

8 Andro"en 4;onareticu#aris5


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1ANCREATICGLAN3

Gland with /oth e4ocrine

and endocrine 1unctions

=7-67 cm lon"

>9-=99 "

ocation: in epi"astric and

le1t hypochondric re"ion0

%etro-peritoneum. 6nd

lum/ar verte/ral level

+4tends in an o/li?ue.

transverse position

Parts o1 pancreas: head.nec3. /ody and tail


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1ANCREATIC 3.CT

- @irsun"i duct runsthe entire len"th o1pancreas

-$antorini duct drainssuperior portion o1

head and emptiesseparately into 6nd portion o1 duodenum

- Common 2ile duct/ehind 1irst portion o1

duodenum then throu"hhead o1 pancreas

Terminates at ampulla o1vater


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The pancreas is an endocrine "land which hase4ocrine and endocrine tissue0

The e4ocrine secretes pancreatic juice. a

solution containin" en!yme 1or car/ohydrat.protein and triacyl "lycerol di"est0

Pancreatic juice drains into the small intestine0

The endocrine part secretes hormones 1or there"ulation o1 /lood "lucose concentration.include insulin. "luca"on and somatostatin 0


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2OO, $5PP2lood supply 1rom $plenicartery. Hepatic artery and$uperior &esenteric ArteryCeliac Common HepaticArtery GastroduodenalArtery $uperiorpancreaticoduodenal artery which divides into anteriorand posterior /ranches

$&A

n1eriorpancreaticoduodenal artery which divides into anteriorand posterior /ranches

V D % &


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Ve$o's Dra%$a*e o&!a$(reas

• #ollows arterial supply• Anterior and posterior arcades drain head and

the /ody•

$plenic vein• $uperior and in1erior mesenteric vein pass deepto pancreas. mer"e with spleen vein. terminatesin portal vein


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Ve$o's Dra%$a*e o& the !a$(reas


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I$$erat%o$ o& !a$(reas

• $ympathetic 1i/ers 1rom the splanchnic nerves

• Parasympathetic 1i/ers 1rom the va"us

• 2oth "ive rise to intrapancreatic periacinar

ple4uses• Parasympathetic 1i/ers stimulate /oth e4ocrine

and endocrine secretion

•$ympathetic 1i/ers have a predominantlyinhi/itory e11ect


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!ro)'(t%o$ o& !a$(reat%( #ormo$es .y Three Cell Types

lpha cells produce glucagon!

"eta cells produce insulin!

#elta cells produce somatostatin!


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ovary

The ovaries are the

1emale pelvic

reproduction or"an and

are responsi/le 1or the

production o1 se4hormones0

The ovaries are small

They are paired or"an

located on either side o1

the uterus within the2road i"ament /ellow

the uterin 1allopian tu/e0


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BLOO3 S.11L0

2lood supply to the ovary

is via the ovarian artery.

/oth the ri"ht and le1t

arteries ori"inate directly

1rom the aorta0

The le1t ovariy vein drain

into the le1t renal vein

and the ri"ht ovarian

vein empties into the

in1erior venae cava0

Hormones produce /y the

ovary are estro"en and

pro"esteron0


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The T+$T+$ (sin"ular:

T+$T$ Testicle

T+$T+$ are the

male "onads. located

in the scrotum0Testes are component

o1 /oth the

reproduction system

and the endocrine

system0


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+ach testes isenclosed /y the

tunica va"inalis. a

continuation o1 the

peritoneum that linesthe a/domino pelvic

cavity0

A 1i/rous capsule

covers each testis

called the tunica

al/u"enia


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The primary 1unction o1 the

testes are produce sperm

( spermato"enesis) and to

produce andro"en (e4.

testosteron)

Gonadotropin Hormon

produced /y the anterior

pituitary:

H Testosteron release

#$H $permato"enesis


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2OO, $5PP

The paired testicularisartery arise directly 1rom

the a/dominal artery and

descend thou"h the in"uinal

canal0


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The le1t testicularis

vein drain into the

le1t renal vein and

the ri"ht testicularisvein empties into the

in1erior venae cava0


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THANK YOU


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The tunica al/u"inea

"ives rise to septa

(partitions) that divide

the testis into lo/ules

(a/out 679)

+ach lo/ule contains 8

or < hi"hly coiled

semini1erous tu/ules

These conver"e to

/ecome rete testis

which transport sperm

to the epididymis


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The testicu#ar arteries .ra$(h o/ the a.)om%$al aorta$ear the ,%)$eys The ri"httesticu#ar ein )ra%$s )%re(tly%$to the %$&er%or e$a (aa0

+h%le the #eft testicu#ar ein )ra%$s %$to the le&t re$al e%$

a$) the$ %$to the %$&er%or e$a(aa Note ho+ the essels

(ross oer the ureters a$)e$ter a$) e1%t the in"uina#cana# +%th the spermatic

cord %a the deep a$)super:cia# in"uina# rin"s0respe(t%ely

Anatomi Endokrin Mei 2014

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