What is anatomy?
What is anatomy?
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms!!
!
• Anatomy looks at FORM
What is Physiology?
The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts!!
!
• Physiology looks at FUNCTION
Through the study of anatomy we….. !
• Cut into smaller pieces to understand how it functions
!
• Ultimately, the body works as a whole
Why are we studying anatomy?
• Safety and stability!!
• Healthy movement on and off the mat!!
• Protect against incorrect (missing) instruction!!
• Build strength and flexibility !!
• Work within unique characteristics!!
• Informs us of anatomical impact of asana !!
• Its empowering
Four components of movement
1.Skeleton 2.Connective Tissue 3.Muscles 4.Nerves
Skeleton•Protection!!
•Storage of minerals!!
•Red blood cell production!!
•Structure!!
•Movement
Structure of bone• 2 types of bone tissue: compact and spongy !
• They differ in density!
• 3 types of cells that contribute to bone homeostasis !
• Osteoblasts !
• Osteoclasts!
• Osteocytes !
• Equilibrium between osteoblasts and osteoclasts maintains bone tissue
Compact bone
• Dense and rigid!
• Shaped like a cylinder and is so hard that surgeons must use a saw to cut through it.
• Supports the weight of the body and is made up of mostly calcium and minerals
Spongy• 20 percent of the human skeleton
• Structural support and flexibility without the weight of compact bone.
• Found in long bones
• Honeycombed
• The open structure of spongy bone enables it to dampen sudden stresses!
• Cancellous bone also has a relatively high level of metabolic activity.
Joints
• Ligamentous - Fixed!!
• Cartilaginous - slightly moveable!!
• Synovial - very mobile
Synovial joints• Hinge – Elbow + knee!
!
• Ball and socket – Shoulder + hip!!
• Saddle – Thumb!!
• Pivot – Knee (tibia and fibula) + Neck!!
• Gliding – Foot (tarsals) !!
• Condyloid – Wrist (radius and carpals)
Structure of a Synovial joint
What is synovial fluid?
• is a viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints.
• Consistency like egg whites
• Its principal role is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement.
Naming JointsBone + O + Bone = JOINT!
• Knee - Femor o tibial joint
• Hip - Acetabul o femoral joint joint
• Shoulder - Glen o humeral joint
• Elbow - Humer o ulnar joint
• Ankle - Tibi o talar joint
Pathologies • Osteoarthritis - Wear and tear of cartilage at a
joint
rule of thumb is to keep it gentle, use props!
• Osteoporosis - medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile
weight-bearing postures, Moving the body against resistance can also help strengthen bones
Connective tissue
Structure - connective tissue• Cells and a matrix! • 3 types of protein fibers within the matrix
!
1. Collagen - strong and provide flexibility. 2. Elastin - stretchy and spring back 3. reticular - thin and provide support for
many soft organs and blood vessels. !
Amount varies around the body
Types of connective tissue
• Tendons!!• Ligaments!!• Scar tissue!!• Bones!!• Muscles!!• Fascia!!• Cartilage!!
See the body as a whole, not as individual parts!
Flexibility
Internal influences•Type of joint!!•Internal resistance !!•Bony structures !!•Elasticity of muscle tissue!
!•Elasticity of tendons and ligaments !
!•Elasticity of skin !!•Muscle relax and contract !!•Temperature
External influences•Temperature of the place !!•Time of day !!•Recovery process of a joint (or muscle) after injury !
!•Age (pre-adolescents are generally more flexible than adults)!
!•Gender (females are generally more flexible than males) !!•Ability to perform a particular exercise (practice makes perfect)!
!•Commitment to achieving flexibility !!•Restrictions of any clothing or equipment
Remember, Asanas aren’t only about flexibility. !!
Bring balance into the practice - strength too.
Take aways
• 4 Components of movement
• Name the major bones of the skeleton
• 3 Types of joint
• 6 Types of Synovial joints
• Structure of connective tissue
• Types of connective tissue
• Factors effecting flexibility