A.I.D. Surface Anatomy of the Heart
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A.I.D.Surface Anatomy of the Heart
Regarding aortic valve which of the following is false:
a) It is semilunar valve that is located at the beginning of the arch of the aorta.
b) It is about 2.5 cms in diameter.c) It has 3 cusps; one anterior & 2 posterior.d) It is located opposite the 3rd IC space at
the left border of the sternum.
Regarding aortic valve which of the following is false:
a) It is semilunar valve that is located at the beginning of the arch of the aorta.
b) It is about 2.5 cms in diameter.c) It has 3 cusps; one anterior & 2 posterior.d) It is located opposite the 3rd IC space at
the left border of the sternum.
A 36-year-old male office worker comes to the clinic complaining of general weakness and shortness of breath. He also relates a rapid, throbbing pulse after climbing a flight of stairs. Cardiac auscultation reveals a diastolic rumbling murmur attributable to the mitral valve. The mitral valve is best heard where?
a. Left side adjacent to the sternum in the second intercostals spaceb. Left side adjacent to the sternum in the fifth intercostal spacec. Left side in the midclavicular line in the fifth intercostals spaced. Right side adjacent to the sternum in the second intercostals spacee. Right side adjacent to the sternum in the fourth intercostals space
a. Left side adjacent to the sternum in the second intercostals spaceb. Left side adjacent to the sternum in the fifth intercostal spacec. Left side in the midclavicular line in the fifth intercostals spaced. Right side adjacent to the sternum in the second intercostals spacee. Right side adjacent to the sternum in the fourth intercostals space
When examining an axial/horizontal CT of the chest, remember that the origin of the pulmonary trunk just cranial to the right ventricle starts out where?
a. Anterior and to the left of the ascending aorta
b. Posterior and to the left of the ascending aorta
c. Anterior and to the right of the ascending aorta
d. Anterior and to the left of the aorta
When examining an axial/horizontal CT of the chest, remember that the origin of the pulmonary trunk just cranial to the right ventricle starts out where?
a. Anterior and to the left of the ascending aorta
b. Posterior and to the left of the ascending aorta
c. Anterior and to the right of the ascending aorta
d. Anterior and to the left of the aorta
Identify the four points indicated to the surface of the heart. Choose the correct one:
a. Upper border of the left 3rd costal cartilage, 1 inch from the middle line
b. Lower border of left 2nd costal cartilage, 2 inc from the middle line
c. Right six intercostals space half inch from the middle line
d. Left fifth intercostals space 3.5 inches from middle line
Identify the four points indicated to the surface of the heart. Choose the correct one:
a. Upper border of the left 3rd costal cartilage, 1 inch from the middle line
b. Lower border of left 2nd costal cartilage, 2 inc from the middle line
c. Right six intercostals space half inch from the middle line
d. Left fifth intercostals space 3.5 inches from middle line
A 47-year-old woman with history of rheumatic fever is examined by her physician. Physical examination is significant for a low-pitched , rumbling, diastolic murmur preceded by an opening snap. The affected valve can be best evaluated by auscultation at which of the following locations?
a. Left second intercostals spaceb. Left fifth intercostals space c. Left lower sterna body borderd. right second intercostals spacee. right fifth intercostals space
A 47-year-old woman with history of rheumatic fever is examined by her physician. Physical examination is significant for a low-pitched , rumbling, diastolic murmur preceded by an opening snap. The affected valve can be best evaluated by auscultation at which of the following locations?
a. Left second intercostals spaceb. Left fifth intercostals space c. Left lower sterna body borderd. right second intercostals spacee. right fifth intercostals space
A 20-year-old man is stabbed immediately to the left body of the sternum at the fifth intercostals space. The knife most likely penetrated the
a. left atriumb. left ventriclec. right atriumd. right ventriclee. stomach
A 20-year-old man is stabbed immediately to the left body of the sternum at the fifth intercostals space. The knife most likely penetrated the
a. left atriumb. left ventriclec. right atriumd. right ventriclee. stomach
PULMONARY VALVES
TRICUSPID VALVES BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVES
AORTIC VALVES
THANK YOU
A.I.D.CARDIAC ENZYMES
All the following are the disadvantages of myoglobin EXCEPT
a. Typical rise occurs within 2-4 hours after onset of myocardial infarction
b. Myoglobin is not cardiac specificc. Can’t be used as late markerd. Can’t be used in diagnosis
myocardial infarction in renal failure patients
All the following are the disadvantages of myoglobin EXCEPT
a. Typical rise occurs within 2-4 hours after onset of myocardial infarction
b. Myoglobin is not cardiac specificc. Can’t be used as late markerd. Can’t be used in diagnosis
myocardial infarction in renal failure patients
Choose the correct advantages of Creatine Kinase as marker for myocardial infarction.
I- Plasma enzyme activity increase by 95% in myocardial infarctionII- Second rise indicates extent of damageIII- Indicate reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy with confirmed AMI patientsIV- A prolonged rise may indicate cardiac ventricular aneurysma. I , II, and IIIb. I, III and IVc. II, III and IVd. I, II, III and IV
Choose the correct advantages of Creatine Kinase as marker for myocardial infarction.
I- Plasma enzyme activity increase by 95% in myocardial infarctionII- Second rise indicates extent of damageIII- Indicate reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy with confirmed AMI patientsIV- A prolonged rise may indicate cardiac ventricular aneurysma. I , II, and IIIb. I, III and IVc. II, III and IVd. I, II, III and IV
All the following conditions can lead to increase in plasma AST concentration and increase LDH1 level EXCEPT
I- Primary hepatic dysfunctionII- Secondary hepatic dysfunction after small MIIII- Congestive heart failure without infarction or pulmonary embolismIV- Myocardial infarctiona. I & IIb. II & III c. I & IIId. II & IV
All the following conditions can lead to increase in plasma AST concentration and increase LDH1 level EXCEPT
I- Primary hepatic dysfunctionII- Secondary hepatic dysfunction after small MIIII- Congestive heart failure without infarction or pulmonary embolismIV- Myocardial infarctiona. I & IIb. II & III c. I & IIId. II & IV
True or FalseCardiac and skeletal forms of TnI and TnT
are structurally different and can be distinguished by immunological assays. (True / False)
Enzyme activity assay reflects the
concentration of enzymes thus having the best accuracy. (True / False)
True or FalseCardiac and skeletal forms of TnI and TnT
are structurally different and can be distinguished by immunological assays. (True / False)
Enzyme activity assay reflects the
concentration of enzymes thus having the best accuracy. (True / False)
Which cardiac enzyme would you expect to rise within the next 3 to 8 hours :
a. Creatine kinase (CK) b. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)c. LDH – 1d. LDH – 2
Which cardiac enzyme would you expect to rise within the next 3 to 8 hours :
a. Creatine kinase (CK) b. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)c. LDH – 1d. LDH – 2
The laboratory tests that would confirm a diagnosis of myocardial infarction include:
a. LDH, CK-MB and ASTb. Serum calcium, and alkaline
phosphatase c. Sedimentation rate, and ALTd. Serum potassium
The laboratory tests that would confirm a diagnosis of myocardial infarction include:
a. LDH, CK-MB and ASTb. Serum calcium, and alkaline
phosphatase c. Sedimentation rate, and ALTd. Serum potassium
Elevation of which of the following serum enzyme markers would be most useful in diagnosing a myocardial infarction in a patient who comes to your office 3 days after an episode of severe and prolonged substernal chest pain?
a. LDH isoenzymes b. CK.MB c. TroponinC d. Myoglobin
Elevation of which of the following serum enzyme markers would be most useful in diagnosing a myocardial infarction in a patient who comes to your office 3 days after an episode of severe and prolonged substernal chest pain?
a. LDH isoenzymes b. CK.MB c. TroponinC d. Myoglobin
Which protein inhibits the interaction of actin and myosin?
a. troponin C b. troponin T c. troponin I d. tropomysin
Which protein inhibits the interaction of actin and myosin?
a. troponin C b. troponin T c. troponin I d. tropomysin
THANK YOU
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